Ultrasound-assisted extraction of withanolides from Tubocapsicum anomalum: Process optimization, isolation and identification, and antiproliferative activity.

Tubocapsicum anomalum, a Chinese medicinal plant rich in anti-tumor withanolides, requires efficient extraction methods. In this paper, an HPLC method was first established for the detection of withanolides, and gradient elution was carried out using a methanol-water solvent system. It was found that the content of withanolides was the highest in the leaves of T. anomalum, followed by the stems and fruits, and almost none in the roots. During the actual picking process, the quantity of leaves collected was relatively small, while the number of stems was the highest. Therefore, the Box-Behnken response surface method was used to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of withanolides from the stems of T. anomalum. The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: the liquid-solid ratio was 20:1, the extraction solvent was 70 % ethanol, the ultrasonic power was 250 W, the ultrasonic time was 40 min, and the ultrasonic temperature was 50 °C. Under these conditions, the average yields of tubocapsenolide A (Te-A) and tubocapsanolide A (Ta-A) can reach 2.87 ± 0.12 mg/g and 1.18 ± 0.05 mg/g, respectively. We further compared extraction rates of two withanolides from different parts of T. anomalum using ultrasonic and traditional extraction methods. Ultrasonic extraction significantly increased rates, with the highest yields from leaves, followed by stems and fruits. The results show that ultrasonic optimization can improve extraction rate, reduce time, lower costs, enhance quality, and increase yield. Therefore, the optimized ultrasonic-assisted extraction process was adopted to extract the aerial parts of T. anomalum and separate the components. After optimization, the extract underwent several chromatographic separations to isolate eight previously undescribed withanolides (1-8) and two artificial withanolides (9-10), in addition to fifteen known compounds (11-25). Their structures were established through extensive spectroscopic data analysis. The compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative effects against multiple cancer cell lines, including human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2, Hep3B, and MHCC97-H), human lung cancer cells (A549), human fibro-sarcoma cancer cells (HT1080), human chronic myeloid leukemia cells (K562), and human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF7). Compounds 1-3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 15-16, and 22 displayed significant activity with IC50 values of 5.14-19.87 µM. The above results indicate that ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology can be used to obtain new withanolides more efficiently from T. anomalum, thereby enhancing the utilization rate of T. anomalum resources.

Valorization of tomato processing by-products: Predictive modeling and optimization for ultrasound-assisted lycopene extraction.

Lycopene is a carotenoid highly valuable to the food, pharmaceutical, dye, and cosmetic industries, present in ripe tomatoes and other fruits with a distinctive red color. The main source of lycopene is tomato crops. This bioactive component can be successfully isolated from tomato processing waste, commonly called tomato pomace, mostly made from tomato skins, seeds, and some residual tomato tissue. The main investigative focus in this work was the application of green engineering principles in each stage of the optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of enzymatically treated tomato skins to obtain functional extracts rich in lycopene. The experimental plan was designed to determine the influence of studied operating parameters: enzymatic reaction time (60, 120, and 180 min), extraction time (0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min), and temperature (25, 35 and 45 ℃) on lycopene yield. Process optimization was performed based on the yield of lycopene [1018, 1067, and 1120 mg/kg] achieved at optimal operating conditions. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed and trained for predictive modeling of the closed extraction system, with operating parameters used as input neurons and experimentally obtained values for lycopene content defined as the output neural layer. Applied ANN architecture provided a high correlation of experimental output with ANN-generated data (R=0.99914) with a model deviation error for the entire data set of RMSE=5.3 mg/kg. The k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm was introduced to predict lycopene yield using experimental key features: operating temperature, extraction time, and time of enzymatic treatment, split into training and testing sets with an 85/15 ratio. The model interpretation was conducted through the SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) methodology.

Optimization of Different Extraction Methods for Phenolic Compound Verbascoside from Chinese Olea europaea Leaves Using Deep Eutectic Solvents: Impact on Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities.

Chinese Olea europaea leaves, rich in verbascosides, were extracted using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and wall-breaking extraction (WBE) with deep eutectic solvents (Optimal UAE: 55 min, 200 mL/g liquid-solid ratio, 20% moisture, yielding 206.23 ± 0.58 mg GAE/g total phenolic content (TPC) and 1.59 ± 0.04% verbascoside yield (VAY); Optimal WBE: 140 s, 210 mL/g, 30% moisture, giving 210.69 ± 0.97 mg GAE/g TPC and 1.33 ± 0.2% VAY). HPLC analysis showed that young leaves accumulated higher TPC and phenolic compounds. Among the five olive varieties, Koroneiki and Chemlal showed the highest TPC in UAE, while Arbosana and Chemlal excelled in WBE. WBE yielded a higher TPC and rutin, whereas UAE marginally increased other phenolics. Additionally, the DPPH• assay showed that WBE-extracted verbascoside-rich extracts (VREs) of Chemlal exhibited high antioxidant activity (EC50 of 57 mg/mL), but Koroneiki-VREs exhibited lower activity against the ABTS•+ radical (EC50 of 134 mg/mL). Remarkably, the UAE/WBE-extracted Chemlal-VREs promoted the normal esophageal Het-1A cell line at 25 µg/mL for 24 h; yet, the esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells were sensibly inhibited, especially at 50 µg/mL; and the cell viability decreased dramatically. The results confirmed WBE as a relatively efficient method, and the Chemlal variety may be an excellent source of verbascoside.

The improvement mechanism of volatile for cooked Tibetan pork assisted with ultrasound at low-temperature: Based on the differences in oxidation of lipid and protein.

Low-temperature cooking causes flavor weakness while improving the texture and digestive properties of meat. To enhance the flavor of low-temperature cooked Tibetan pork, samples were cooked at low-temperature with or without ultrasound-assisted (UBTP, BTP) for different times (30 min, 90 min) and then analyzed using GC-MS and LC-MS. The results showed that ultrasound-assisted cooking caused a significant increase in lipid oxidation by 9.10% in the early stage of the treatment. Additionally, at the later stage of ultrasound-assisted processing, proteins were oxidized and degraded, which resulted in a remarkable rise in the protein carbonyl content by 6.84%. With prolonged effects of ultrasound and low-temperature cooking, the formation of phenylacetaldehyde in UBTP-90 sample originated from the degradation of phenylalanine through multivariate statistics and correlation analysis. Meanwhile, trans, cis-2,6-nonadienal and 1-octen-3-one originated from the degradation of linolenic acid and arachidonic acid. This study clarified the mechanism of ultrasound-assisted treatment improving the flavor of low-temperature-cooked Tibetan pork based on the perspective of lipids and proteins oxidation, providing theoretical supports for flavor enhancement in Tibetan pork-related products.

Green recovery of phenolic compounds from almond hull waste using ultrasound-assisted extraction: phenolics characterization and antimicrobial investigation.

This research aims to maximize the extraction of phenolic compounds (PCs) from almond hull waste (AHW) using an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method, detect the PCs, and investigate the antimicrobial activity of the extracts against pathogens and interactions with a probiotic bacterium. The impact of various parameters including sonication amplitude, solvent/AHW ratio (mL/g), and extraction time on the total phenolic content (TPC) was investigated and the optimized extraction conditions were determined. The AHW extracts' minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Lactobacillus plantarum were assessed. In optimal UAE conditions total PCs of 47.37 ± 0.24 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight (DW) were extracted. The HPLC analysis revealed that the flavonoid rutin, as well as p-coumaric acid and rosmarinic acid, were only seen in the extracts obtained by UAE. Furthermore, p-coumaric acid emerged as the most prevalent PC in the UAE extract. Antimicrobial activity analysis showed that UAE extracts exhibited higher effects in inhibiting the growth of E. coli, S. aureus, and L. plantarum. The use of UAE treatment resulted in the extraction of a diverse range of PCs with increased antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-024-05969-3.

Nanoparticles based on biopolymers improved antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds from jambolan (Syzygium cumini (L.) skeels).

Jambolan (Syzygium cumini L.) is an underutilized fruit rich in bioactive phenolic compounds, specially anthocyanins, but the low stability of these substances and interaction with other compounds in the food matrix limit their application as food additives; nanoencapsulation is the best strategy to overcome these limitations. This study aimed to nanoencapsulate a phenolic-rich jambolan extract using whey proteins and pectin by nanoprecipitation in different antisolvent compositions. Two formulations were synthesized (7.33 % extract, 1.67 % pectin, and 5 % concentrated or isolated whey protein) precipitated in different acetone concentrations (50, 70, and 100 % v/v). SEM showed particles with spherical shape and smooth surface. DLS pointed diameters between 82 nm and 116 nm. FTIR indicated chemical interactions between the materials. Encapsulation efficiency showed high phenolic compounds entrapment in all systems [73.81-84.65 %, p > 0.05]. However, particles precipitated in 50 and 100 % acetone (v/v) showed greater anthocyanins retention [56.89-35.24 %, p < 0.05]. Nanoencapsulation potentiated the antioxidant activity up to 110 % more than the crude extract (p < 0.05). These results show the potential of nanoprecipitation as an effective encapsulation process and the biopolymers combination to produce nanoparticles containing jambolan phenolic compounds to promote their application in foods and health products.

Phenolic components from carrot (Daucus carota L.) pomace: Optimizing the extraction and assessing its potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

Carrot pomace is a significant agricultural byproduct. Obtained during carrot juice processing. This residue is an appropriate reservoir of constituents with bioactive properties that could be investigated in the development of food constituents and nutritional supplements and in improving the quality and safety of foods. For this purpose, the objective of the present investigation was to extract the polyphenols from carrot pomace utilizing maceration and ultrasound-based extraction (UAE) procedures and to evaluate the antioxidant properties of phenolic constituents. To maximize the extraction of carrot pomace, a response surface approach was used. The optimal mixture of extraction time (A, min), ultrasonication power (B, w), and solvent type (C, v/v) for the highest yield of carrot pomace was found using a three-variable composite rotatable design (CRD). In order to assess different functional groups, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was utilized to investigate the extract collected under optimal circumstances. The highest polyphenols (26.53 %) were extracted by ethanol 70 % at 10 min with a sonication power of 250 w. The optimized extract also exhibited significant antioxidant and antimicrobial functions. The total phenolic compounds and scavenging of the DPPH radical were 85 mg GAE/gr and EC50: 55 ± 1 µg/mL, respectively. Together with Staphylococcus aureus, the highest zone of inhibition (12 mm) was identified. Our finding revealed that carrot pomace is an appropriate source of bioactive phenolic constituents, exhibiting antioxidant and antibacterial attributes, and could be applied as a natural preserver for promoting safety and quality properties in food products on an industrial scale.

Enhancing antioxidant yield from carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.): evaluating the efficacy of maceration and ultrasound-assisted methods.

Our study aimed to optimize carob antioxidant extraction for use in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Maceration investigated ethanol concentration, extraction temperature, and time, while ultrasound-assisted extraction examined ethanol concentration, ultrasound power, and time. A central composite design with 19 experimental points assessed the influence of variables on total yield, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. The results were analyzed to optimize the extraction parameters and enhance the antioxidant extraction from carob. The results of the study show that the best maceration condition for extracting antioxidants from the plant material was found to have a time of 24.38 minutes, an ethanol content of 59.02%, and a temperature of 54.52°C. Similarly, the optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction were found to be 51.49 minutes, 79.78% sonication power, and 76.12% alcohol. The optimal conditions identified can be used as a starting point for further optimization and scaling up of the extraction process.

Nectarine core-derived magnetite biochar for ultrasound-assisted preconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tomato paste: A cost-effective and sustainable approach.

A novel ultrasound-assisted magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (US-MSPE-GC/MS) was developed to detect trace amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tomato paste, using a magnetic biochar adsorbent derived from nectarine cores. The highest extraction recovery was attained under 10 mg adsorbent mass, 30 min extraction time, 9 % (w/v) sodium chloride, and elution with 200 µL of dichloromethane. Under optimum conditions, the method demonstrated excellent linearity (R2 > 0.992) across a wide concentration range (0.01-100 ng g-1) with high sensitivity (LODs: 0.028-0.053 ng g-1, LOQs: 0.094-0.176 ng g-1) and good repeatability (RSDs <5.96 %). The application of the US-MSPE-GC/MS method was tested on four brands of real tomato paste and no PAHs were detected in unspiked samples, indicating no background contamination. This method showed high relative recoveries 88.03-98.52 %) and good reproducibility (<9.19 %.) at two concentration levels, confirming its effectiveness for PAH analysis in real samples.

Response surface methology for enzymatic ultrasound assisted sp-ICP-MS assessment of cuonps in seafood: Occurrence and bioaccumulation.

A novel approach for a reliable extraction and analytical characterization of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) at trace levels on seafood samples was tuned up using single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (sp-ICP-MS). Variables for enzymatic extraction of CuONPs were optimised via response surface methodology (RSM) analysis, to maximize both the extracted CuONPs mass and number concentrations without altering their native size and morphology. Analytical performance features of the whole (enzymatic ultrasound-assisted/sp-ICP-MS) approach were thoroughly evaluated. Furthermore, the proposed extraction approach demonstrated higher efficiency compared to an alternative alkaline hydrolysis-based methodology. Finally, nine seafood samples from diverse nature were analysed for CuONPs content and particle size by sp-ICP-MS, revealing significant NPs concentrations in most cases. Attained results enabled the assessment of health risks associated with CuONPs bioaccumulation in seafood organisms.

Rapid Assessment of Metabolomic Fingerprinting of Recycled Sunflower By-Products via DART-HRMS.

To comply with a more circular and environmentally friendly European common agricultural policy, while also valorising sunflower by-products, an ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) was tested to optimise ethanol-wash solutes (EWS). Furthermore, the capabilities of DART-HRMS as a rapid and cost-effective tool for determining the biochemical changes after valorisation of these defatted sunflower EWS were investigated. Three batches of EWS were doubly processed into optimised EWS (OEWS) samples, which were analysed via DART-HRMS. Then, the metabolic profiles were submitted to a univariate analysis followed by a partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) allowing the identification of the 15 most informative ions. The assessment of the metabolomic fingerprinting characterising EWS and OEWS resulted in an accurate and well-defined spatial clusterization based on the retrieved pool of informative ions. The outcomes highlighted a significantly higher relative abundance of phenolipid hydroxycinnamoyl-glyceric acid and a lower incidence of free fatty acids and diglycerides due to the ultrasound treatment. These resulting biochemical changes might turn OEWS into a natural antioxidant supplement useful for controlling lipid oxidation and to prolong the shelf-life of foods and feeds. A standardised processing leading to a selective concentration of the desirable bioactive compounds is also advisable.

Simultaneous extraction of oil, protein and polysaccharide from Idesia polycarpa Maxim cake meal using ultrasound combined with three phase partitioning.

This study explored the potential of ultrasonic-assisted three-phase partitioning (UTPP) to simultaneously extract lipids, proteins, and polysaccharides from Idesia polycarpa Maxim (IPM) cake meal, a significant byproduct of oil extraction. The impact of variables such as inorganic salt type, solid-liquid ratio, salt concentration, pH, ultrasonic time, temperature, and volume of dimethyl carbonate was examined. Based on the single-factor tests and response surface methodology (RSM), optimal conditions were identified as 30 % ammonium citrate, a 1:26 solid-liquid ratio, pH 3, 31 min of ultrasonic time, 30 °C temperature, and 15 mL of dimethyl carbonate. These conditions achieved extraction rates of 8.10 % for lipids, 5.03 % for proteins, and 10.03 % for polysaccharides, with recovery rates of 91.62 %, 83.08 %, and 93.95 % respectively. Chemical analysis showed the lipid fraction rich in linoleic acid, and the protein fraction high in glutamic acid, aspartate, and serine. The polysaccharide fraction, mainly RG-I pectin with a molecular weight of 226.58 kDa, exhibited strong thermal stability and inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and glycation, suggesting potential for functional food and dietary supplement applications. This highlights UTPP as a sustainable method for effectively utilizing valuable compounds from IPM cake meal, outperforming traditional extraction techniques.

Effect of ultrasound-assisted pH-shifting treatment on the physicochemical properties of melon seed protein.

Melon seeds have received considerable attention in recent years because of their high protein content, but they have not yet been fully used. The modification of melon seed protein (MSP) using ultrasound-assisted pH-shifting treatment was investigated in this study by analyzing structural characteristics and functional properties. The particle size, free sulfhydryl content, surface hydrophobicity, solubility, secondary structure, water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity, emulsification activity index, and emulsification stability index of MSP were determined. MSP treated with ultrasound-assisted, pH-shifting had a smaller particle size, lower free sulfhydryl content, higher surface hydrophobicity, and solubility increased from 43.67 % to 89.12 %. The secondary structure of MSP was affected by ultrasonic treatment, manifesting as an α-helix increase and ß-helix, ß-turn, and random coil content decrease, which may be the reason why the protein structure became more compact after treatment. The water and oil holding capacities of MSP increased from 2.74 g/g and 3.14 g/g in untreated samples to 3.19 g/g and 3.97 g/g for ultrasound-treated samples, and further increased to 3.97 g/g and 5.02 g/g for ultrasound-assisted, pH-shifting treatment at pH 9.0, respectively. The emulsification activity index of MSP was 21.11 m2/g before treatment and reached a maximum of 32.34 m2/g after ultrasound-assisted, pH-shifting treatment at pH 9.0. The emulsification stability of MSP was maximized by ultrasonic treatment at pH 7.0. Ultrasound-assisted, pH-shifting treatment can effectively improve the functional properties of MSP by modifying the protein structure, which improves the potential application of melon seed protein in the food industry.

A novel ultrasound-assisted enzyme extraction method of total flavonoids from Viticis Fructus and processed Viticis Fructus: Comparison of in vitro antioxidant activity.

In this study, it is the first that the Viticis Fructus (VF) was used as the raw material for extracting total flavonoids using the ultrasound-assisted enzyme extraction (UAE) method. Response surface methodology was employed to determine the optimal extraction parameters. The optimal conditions were as follows: 60 % ethanol solution as the extract solvent, material-liquid ratio of 1:25, pH value of 4, enzyme addition amount of 1.5 %, enzymatic hydrolysis time of 30 min, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature of 40 ℃, and ultrasonic time of 50 min. Comparing the total flavonoid yield of VF and processed VF (PVF) extracted using different methods, it was observed that UAE resulted in a higher total flavonoid yield compared to traditional ultrasound extraction and enzyme extraction. Additionally, the total flavonoid yield of PVF extracted by all three methods was generally higher than that of VF. The PVF solution extracted by UAE also demonstrated better in vitro antioxidant activity compared to VF. These results suggest that UAE is an effective method to enhance the activity of natural total flavonoids. The study of the physicochemical properties and in vitro antioxidant activity of VF and PVF showed that the total flavonoid yield and antioxidant activity significantly increased after VF stir-frying, indicating that their efficacy can also be enhanced.

Ultrasound-Assisted Versus Standard Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Insights From National Inpatient Sample.

Background: Pulmonary embolism is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Catheter-directed therapies have emerged as a promising treatment for managing intermediate- and high-risk patients; however, data comparing standard catheter-directed thrombolysis (SCDT) and ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis (USAT) are limited. This study aimed to investigate trends, outcomes, and predictors of mortality of both modalities from a nationally representative sample. Methods: This analysis used data from the National Inpatient Sample years 2016-2020. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. A multivariable regression model was used to compare the outcomes. Results: Among 39,430 patients who received catheter-directed thrombolysis, 26,710 (76.8%) received SCDT and 8060 (23.2%) received USAT. The utilization of SCDT and USAT increased during the study years except for 2020. In-hospital mortality was lower among patients who received USAT (2.7% vs 3.8%; P = .04) compared with patients who received SCDT in the unadjusted analysis. On multivariable regression analysis, there was no difference in the incidence of in-hospital mortality between USAT and SCDT (odds ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.52-1.08; P = .13). There were no significant differences between SCDT and USAT groups in the rate of bleeding adverse events including intracranial hemorrhage (0.6% vs 0.4%; P = .47), and nonintracranial major bleeding (4.2% vs 4.1%; P = .72). Conclusions: Ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis was associated with similar in-hospital mortality and bleeding complications compared with SCDT for acute pulmonary embolism. Further studies are warranted to confirm evaluate the long-term outcomes with both modalities.

Process Optimization and Characterization of Polysaccharides with Potential Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activity from Cissus repens.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Cissus repens polysaccharides (CRPs) was optimized through response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design (BBD). The maximum CRPs yield (16.18%) was achieved under the optimum extraction conditions: extraction time 72 min, extraction temperature 74 ℃, extraction power 240 W. Then three-phase partitioning (TPP) method combined with gradient alcohol precipitation was used to obtained CRP20, CRP40, CRP60 and CRP80 from CRPs, and CRP80 has a higher purity than others. The primary chemical and structural characteristics of CRP80 were investigated by UV, FT-IR, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-performance gel-permeation chromatography (HPGPC). CRP80 is mainly composed of glucose, galactose, arabinose and mannose, with a molecular weights of approximately 2.95 kDa. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity and hypoglyceamic activity of CRP80 in vitro were evaluated. The results showed that CRP80 had strong scavenging activities on ABTS, hydroxyl and DPPH radicals, as well as high scavenging activities on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Our research provided an efficient method for the extraction of polysaccharides from C. repens and CRP80 has potential as a promising source of natural antioxidants and hypoglycemic agent for the functional food and medicinal industries.

Eco-friendly Approaches to Chromene Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review of Green Synthesis Strategies.

Synthetic routes of chromene are an area of thrust research due to its wide application as pigments, agrochemicals, cosmetics, and an important nucleus scaffold for various pharmaco-logically active drugs. The chromene nucleus is an important moiety for the discovery of new drug candidates owing to its broad range of pharmacological actions like antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and many others. However, traditional synthesis techniques frequently use unsafe reagents and produce hazardous waste, presenting environmental issues. The eco-friendly production of chromene derivatives utilizes sustainable raw materials, non-toxic cata-lysts, and gentle reaction conditions to reduce ecological consequences. Innovative methods like microwave irradiation, ultrasound synthesis, the use of environmentally friendly solvents, a cata-lyst-based approach with minimal environmental impact, and mechanochemistry-mediated syn-thesis are implemented. These approaches provide benefits in scalability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of purification. This review compiles and presents various recently reported green synthetic strategies of chromene and its derivatives and gives the reader a clear idea of the detailed and crit-ical aspects of various synthetic protocols described.

Improvement of Antioxidant Activity and Sensory Properties of Functional Cookies by Fortification with Ultrasound-Assisted Hot-Air-Drying Blackberry Powders.

In response to the global challenge of food wastage and high perishability of blackberries, this study evaluated the use of ultrasound-assisted hot air drying (US-HAD) to convert downgraded blackberries into powders, comparing it with traditional hot air drying (HAD). US-HAD reduced the drying time and achieved a final moisture content of 12%. Physicochemical analyses (colourimetry, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and total phenolic content) were conducted on fresh fruit, powders, and fortified cookies. US-HAD cookies exhibited promising antioxidant activity, with ABTS values ranging from 8.049 to 8.536 mmol TEAC/100 g and DPPH values from 8.792 to 9.232 mmol TEAC/100 g, significantly higher than control cookies. The TPC was 13.033 mgGAE/g in HAD cookies and 13.882 mgGAE/g in US-HAD cookies. UHPLC-ESI-MS analysis showed an increase in phenolic compounds content in fortified cookies compared to the control. Sensory analysis highlighted a superior blackberry flavour and overall acceptability in US-HAD cookies, with statistical analysis confirming their superior nutritional and sensory qualities. Integrating US-HAD blackberry powder into cookies helps reduce food waste and enhances the nutritional profiles of baked goods, offering functional foods with health benefits. This work provides a scientific basis for developing enriched functional cookies, offering a healthy and sustainable alternative for utilising damaged fruits.

Comparative study of polyphenol extraction using physical techniques and water as a solvent: a sustainable approach for the valorization of apple pomace.

Apples are among the most commonly cultivated fruits globally. Approximately 65% of annual apple production is transformed into apple juice concentrate generating a large amount of waste material named apple pomace, which includes seeds, skin, and other components. Disposing of apple by-products directly into the environment constitutes a source of environmental pollution due to its high-water content and easily fermentable nature. Apple pomace is rich in polyphenols that can be utilized as active components in cosmetic, nutraceutical, or pharmaceutical products. The present study aims to describe and compare different physical methods for the extraction of polyphenols from apple pomace. Water was used as the extraction solvent in thermal-stirred extraction (TSE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The best extraction conditions were identified in terms of solid to solvent ratio, temperature, power, and time through a kinetic study. The best extraction parameters were compared environmentally on a pilot scale through a life cycle assessment (LCA). All the results demonstrated the MAE is the best technique to extract polyphenol from apple pomace in terms yield and environmental impact proving that it is possible to transform waste into a sustainable source of bioactive ingredients.

Effects of brining, ultrasound, and ultrasound-assisted brining on quality characteristics of snakehead (Channa argus) fillets.

The change of quality characteristics in snakehead fillets were investigated during brining, ultrasound, and ultrasound-assisted brining processing. Results showed that ultrasound and brine had significantly impact on the tissue microstructure and the color parameter of fillets. Compared to 60-min marination in deionized water, the shear force was reduced by 17.67 g by ultrasound, compared to 80-min marination in deionized water, the shear force was reduced by 28.68 g by brine. Brine significantly increased the water-holding capacity of fish fillets. Ultrasound resulted in increased random coils, ß-turn and hydrophobic interaction, while brine significantly promoted the formation of the α-helix structure. The increase of the thermal stability of the myosin head was due to the synergistic effect of ultrasound and brine, but the decrease of the thermal stability of actin only associated with brine. The study provides the reference for the application of ultrasound-assisted brining technology to aquatic industry. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01506-8.