Highly branched thermoresponsive polysaccharide derivative in water. Partly substituted highly branched cyclic dextrin ethylcarbamate.

A thermoresponsive highly branched polysaccharide derivative was revealed from commercially available highly branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD), originally synthesized from amylopectin. Eight samples of partially substituted ethyl carbamate derivatives of HBCD (HEC) were prepared with a degree of substitution DS ranging from 0.27 to 1.46. Three samples with DS = 0.88, 1.05, and 1.22 showed LCST type phase separation in water. The intrinsic viscosity and form factor in water were typical of the hyperbranched structure. The intermolecular interactions between HEC and iodine or 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid (ANS) were appreciably different from those of the linear analog (AEC), suggesting that the locally bent helical conformation of highly branched HEC chains has a different interaction with small molecules. The phase diagram of HEC-water systems was accidentally similar to that of the linear chain with the same molar mass and DS, although the one phase region of the branched polymer chain-poor solvent system is usually wider than that of the corresponding linear chain. This is likely due to the lower hydration nature of the polymer segment of HEC chains than that of the corresponding linear chain.

Bone protective effects of the polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in mice via inhibiting PINK1/Parkin signaling, oxidative stress and inflammation.

BACKGROUND: Polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa(GFP) have gained worldwide attention owing to their promising biological activities and potential health benefits. PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of GFP on alleviation of osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) mice and examine the underlying mechanism. METHOD: A mouse model of postmenopausal osteoporosis was established by OVX method, Forty eight C57BL/6 female mice were randomly divided into Normal group, OVX alone (Model group, n = 8), OVX + 10 mg/kg GFP (GFP-L group, n = 8), OVX + 20 mg/kg GFP (GFP-M group, n = 8), OVX + 40 mg/kg GFP (GFP-H group, n = 8), OVX + 10 mg/kg Estradiol valerate (Positive group, n = 8). RESULTS: The results showed that compared with Model group, the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1ß, interleukin (IL)-6 and Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were significantly reduced, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were significantly increased, the content of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly reduced, and the proteins levels of PINK1, Parkin, Beclin-1 and LC3-II were significantly decreased in the GFP groups. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that GFP alleviates ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis via reduced secretion of inflammatory cytokines, improvement in the oxidative stress status in the body, and inhibition of the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway.

A Novel Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from Daylily (Hemerocallis citrina Baroni): Isolation, Structure Analysis, and Probiotics Adhesion Promotion Effect.

The daylily (Hemerocallis citrina Baroni) flower is a traditional raw food material that is rich in a variety of nutrients. In particular, the content of polysaccharides in daylily is abundant and has been widely used as a functional component in food, cosmetics, medicine, and other industries. However, studies on the structure-effective relationship of daylily flower polysaccharides are still lacking. In view of this, daylily flower polysaccharides were isolated and purified, and their physical and chemical properties, structure, antioxidant activity, and adhesion-promoting effect on probiotics were evaluated. The results showed that a novel water-soluble polysaccharide (DPW) with an average molecular weight (Mw) of 2.224 kDa could be successfully isolated using column chromatography. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that DPW only comprised glucose and fructose, with a molar ratio of 0.242:0.758. Through methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, it was inferred that DPW belonged to the fructans group with a structure of α-D-Glcp-1→2-ß-D-Fruf-1→(2-ß-D-Fruf-1)n→. Antioxidant analysis showed that DPW showed strong 2-Phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-Oxide (PTIO-scavenging activity with IC50 of 1.54 mg/mL. DPW of 1.25 to 5 mg/mL could significantly increase the adhesion rate of Lactobacillus acidophilu, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and Lactobacillus plantarum on Caco-2 cells. Considering the above results, the present study provides a theoretical basis and practical support for the development and application of daylily polysaccharides as a functional active ingredient.