Effect of comfortable nursing on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients with idiopathic scoliosis after posterior orthopedic surgery.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of comfort nursing on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing posterior correction surgery. Methods: 92 patients with idiopathic scoliosis were taken as the subjects and segmented into a control group and an experimental group (n = 46/each group). The former received routine care, while the latter one performed comfortable care. The observation period is 48 h after surgery. Record and compare the incidence, grade, frequency, and pain level of nausea and vomiting in both groups, as well as postoperative physical signs and symptoms, drug use, and postoperative recovery. Investigating the patient's satisfaction with nursing care. The research data is analyzed using SPSS26.0 software. P < 0.05 means statistical significance. Results: Within 48 h after surgery, the number of nausea and vomiting in the control is 24 and the experimental group is 8, with an incidence rate of 52% and 16%. The latter is significantly lower than that in the control. The average number of nausea and vomiting episodes in the control is 2.5, significantly higher than the 0.45 episodes in the experimental set. There is a significant difference in the frequency of nausea and vomiting/temperature and urine volume/scores of nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, decreased appetite, and discomfort between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Comfortable care has a relieving effect on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients with idiopathic scoliosis after posterior correction surgery. It can low down the incidence and frequency of nausea and vomiting, and reduce the score of related symptoms. Comfortable care can also help patients recover after surgery, increase dietary intake, and improve nutritional status. Comfortable care has a significant effect on postoperative nausea and vomiting in cases with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing posterior correction surgery, which can improve their postoperative recovery and quality of life.

Death anxiety among caregivers of patients with advanced cancer: a cross-sectional survey.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate death anxiety (DA) in caregivers of patients with advanced cancer and identify associated factors in the context of Chinese culture. METHODS: Caregivers (N = 588) of advanced cancer patients in a tertiary cancer hospital completed anonymous questionnaire surveys. Measures included the Chinese version of the Templer Death Anxiety Scale (C-T-DAS), the Quality-of-Life Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Scale, and the Social Support Rating Scale. Data were analyzed in SPSS (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA) using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation test, and linear regression. RESULTS: Respondents returned 588 (93.03%) of the 632 questionnaires. The total C-T-DAS score was 7.92 ± 2.68 points. The top-scoring dimension was "Stress and pain" (3.19 ± 1.29 points), followed by "Emotion" (2.28 ± 1.31 points) and "Cognition" (1.40 ± 0.94 points). In contrast, the lowest-scoring dimension was "Time" (1.06 ± 0.77 points). Factors associated with DA (R2 = 0.274, F = 13.348, p < 0.001) included quality of life (QoL), trait anxious personality, social support, caregiver length of care, caregiver gender, and patients' level of activities of daily living (ADL). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated high levels of DA in caregivers of patients with advanced cancer. Generally, female caregivers and those with low social support had high DA. Caregivers caring for patients with low ADL levels or with a low QoL and trait anxious personality reported high DA. Certain associated factors help to reduce caregivers DA. Social interventions are recommended to improve the end-of-life transition and trait anxious personality as well as quality of life for caregivers.

Quality of life and death anxiety among caregivers of patients with advanced cancer: the mediating effect of trait anxious personality and the moderating effect of social support.

PURPOSE: To explore the mediating role of trait anxious personality in the association between quality of life (QoL) and death anxiety (DA), as well as to test the moderating effect of social support in the mediation model. METHODS: The Death Anxiety Scale, Quality of Life Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Scale, and Social Support Rating Scale were used to measure 588 family caregivers of advanced cancer patients. We then constructed a moderated mediation model. RESULTS: The presence of QoL was negatively associated with DA (ß = - 0.67, p < 0.01). Trait anxious personality partially mediated the relationship between QoL and DA (indirect effect ß = - 0.08, p < 0.01). Social support moderated both the antecedent and subsequent segments of the mediating paths of "QoL → trait anxious personality → DA" and the direct relationship between QoL and DA. Among caregivers with a low level of social support, the mediating effect coefficient of trait anxious personality was higher at 0.25 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.059-0.182), in contrast to caregivers with a high level of social support, where the mediating effect coefficient of trait anxious personality was 0.11 (95% CI: 0.029-0.072). CONCLUSION: QoL is directly associated with an increased risk of DA and indirectly related to DA by increasing the risk of trait anxious personality among caregivers. Social support can moderate the mediating effect of trait anxious personality and the relationship between QoL and DA. The intervention strategy for preventing DA among caregivers who have encountered QoL reduction should focus on reducing trait anxious personality and social support.

Different activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex between anxious depression and non-anxious depression during an autobiographical memory task: A fNIRS study.

OBJECTIVE: Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) previous studies have found that activation differences in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during an autobiographical memory task (AMT) under the condition of different emotional valences may be neurophysiological markers of depression and different depression subtypes. Additionally, compared with non-anxious depression, anxious depression presents abnormal hemodynamic activation in the DLPFC. This study aimed to use fNIRS to investigate hemodynamic activation in the DLPFC of depression patients with and without anxiety during AMT triggered by different emotional valence stimuli. METHODS: We recruited 194 patients with depression (91 with non-anxious depression, 103 with anxious depression) and 110 healthy controls from Chinese college students. A 53-channel fNIRS was used to detect cerebral hemodynamic differences in the three groups during AMT. RESULTS: The results showed that: (1) the activation of oxy-Hb in the left DLPFC was significantly higher under positive emotional valence than under negative emotional valence for healthy controls and patients with non-anxious depression, while there was no significant difference between positive and negative emotional valence observed in response to anxious depression; and (2) Oxy-Hb activation under negative emotional valence was significantly higher in the anxious depression group than in the non-anxious depression group. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that the hemodynamic hyperactivation of negative emotional valence in the left DLPFC may be due to the neurophysiological differences between anxious and non-anxious patients with depression.

Clinical correlates of anxious depression in youth from the Texas Youth Depression and Suicide Research Network (TX-YDSRN).

BACKGROUND: Anxious depression is a prevalent subtype of depression associated with adverse outcomes such as higher depression severity and higher rates of suicidality. This study leveraged a state-wide research registry of depressed and/or suicidal youth to compare the prevalence, clinical correlates, and symptom patterns of those with versus without anxious depression. METHODS: We included baseline data from 797 participants (ages 8-20) with a diagnosis of a depressive disorder. A score on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) ≥ 10 was used to define individuals with and without anxious depression. A structured battery was used to capture psychiatric diagnostic status, depression/anxiety severity, suicide risk, history of trauma, functioning, and resilience. RESULTS: The prevalence of anxious depression among youth with depressive disorders was 59.5 % (n = 474). Youth with anxious depression had greater depression severity and anxiety symptoms, higher suicidality, and a higher prevalence of comorbid anxiety disorders than those without. Youth with anxious depression had greater impairment in functioning defined as worse pain interference, pain severity, fatigue, and social relationships compared to those without anxious depression. Youth with anxious depression also reported higher rates of depressive symptoms such as irritable mood, feelings of guilt, and psychomotor agitation compared to those without anxious depression. CONCLUSION: Anxious depression is associated with worse depression severity, higher suicidality, and lower functioning. Longitudinal work is needed to examine long-term courses of anxious depression to explore its stability as a diagnostic subcategory.

Understanding the Relationship Between Attachment Orientation and Physical Activity Participation: An Exploratory Study.

BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity is recognized as a global health challenge. Attachment theory may provide insight into individual physical activity (PA) patterns, informing the development of PA interventions to promote the maintenance of behavior change. This study investigated the associations between attachment orientation and why and how individuals engage in PA. Given the association between attachment and sensory processing, this study also investigated the link between sensory processing and PA participation. METHODS: Participants (N = 141) completed an online questionnaire that included the Modified Experiences of Close Relationships Scale and the Highly Sensitive Person Scale. The relationship between attachment orientation and sensory processing patterns, and preference for PA participation were analyzed using 2-sided independent t tests. RESULTS: Attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, and sensory sensitivity were significantly related to participants' preference for PA participation in theoretically consistent ways. Avoidantly attached individuals were less likely to participate in PA as a form of social interaction (mean = 8.57, SD = 2.87, P = .005, d = 0.48). Anxiously attached individuals were more likely to participate in PA to support weight management (mean = 37.02, SD = 11.54, P = .01, d = -0.46) or if recommended by a health professional (mean = 43.55, SD = 12.45, P = .039, d = -0.88). Sensory sensitive individuals were more likely to participate in PA alone (mean = 124.11, SD = 19.23, P = .005, d = -0.510), and more likely to prefer light-intensity forms of PA (mean = 133.29, SD = 12.67, F3,123 = 5.49, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the potential value of considering an individual's attachment orientation and sensory processing patterns in the development of PA interventions. This may help to address the challenges of PA participation, by individually tailoring interventions to participants.

Selective Mutism and Comorbidity with Specific Learning Disorders: Evaluation and Multimodal Intervention in a Clinical Case of a Female Child from 7 to 11 Years of Age.

Selective mutism (SM) is an anxiety disorder that is characterized by a child's persistent inability to communicate verbally in some or all contexts of social life. It is often associated with other cognitive-affective disorders. Performing cognitive-behavioral assessments and psychological interventions can be challenging due to the difficulty in administering standardized neuropsychological tests and involving family and teachers in the intervention program. In a single case study, a young Filipina girl with SM underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and received multimodal therapeutic intervention between the ages of 7 and 11. The psychological intervention included cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy to improve social-cognitive skills and learning abilities, reduce anxiety, and provide speech therapy. The parents and teachers were actively involved in the therapeutic process and a underwent a psycho-education program. Following this treatment, at the age of 11, the girl started verbalizing in therapy and school contexts, although she still used non-verbal strategies. There was also a gradual improvement in her communicative-linguistic skills and school learning. In conclusion, this report emphasizes the importance of applying an integrated and multimodal intervention to treat SM in children, including psychoeducation for parents and teachers.

Acupuncture as Add-on Therapy to SSRIs Can Improve Outcomes of Treatment for Anxious Depression: Subgroup Analysis of the AcuSDep Trial.

Purpose: Anxious depression (AD) is a common, distinct depression subtype. This exploratory subgroup analysis aimed to explore the effects of acupuncture as an add-on therapy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for patients with AD or non-anxious depression (NAD). Patients and Methods: Four hundred and sixty-five patients with moderate-to-severe depression from the AcuSDep pragmatic trial were included in analysis. Patients were randomly assigned to receive MA+SSRIs, EA+SSRIs, or SSRIs alone (1:1:1) for six weeks. AD was defined by using dimensional criteria. The measurement instruments included 17-items Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI), Rating Scale for Side Effects (SERS), and WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). Comparison between AD and NAD subgroups and comparisons between groups within either AD or NAD subgroups were conducted. Results: Eighty percent of the patients met the criteria for AD. The AD subgroup had poorer clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes compared to those of the NAD subgroup. For AD patients, the HAMD response rate, remission rate, early onset rate, and the score changes on each scale at most measurement points on the two acupuncture groups were significantly better than the SSRIs group. For NAD patients, the HAMD early onset rates of the two acupuncture groups were significantly better than the SSRIs group. Conclusion: For AD subtype patients, either MA or EA add-on SSRIs showed comprehensive improvements, with small-to-medium effect sizes. For NAD subtype patients, both the add-on acupuncture could accelerate the response to SSRIs treatment. The study contributed to the existing literature by providing insights into the potential benefits of acupuncture in combination with SSRIs, especially for patients with AD subtypes. Due to its limited nature as a post hoc subgroup analysis, prospectively designed, high-quality trials are warranted. Clinical Trials Registration: ChiCTR-TRC-08000297.

Sex differences and risk factors of self-reported suicide attempts in middle-aged Chinese Han patients with first-episode drug-naïve anxious depression: a large-scale cross-sectional study.

This study aims to investigate sex differences and risk factors for self-reported suicide attempts among Chinese Han middle-aged patients with first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) anxious depression (AD). A total of 1796 patients with FEDN major depressive disorder were enrolled in this study, including 341 middle-aged patients with AD. We compared the prevalence, demographics, and clinical characteristics of suicide attempts between male and female patients with FEDN middle-aged AD. We also explored the risk factors for self-reported suicide attempts in this population using binary logistic regression analysis. The male/female ratio was 91/250 and the age of onset was 51.50 ± 4.13. Our results showed that there were no significant sex differences in the prevalence of self-reported suicide attempts in middle-aged patients with FEDN AD. However, we did find significant differences in several demographic and clinical characteristics between self-reported suicide attempters and non-suicide attempters. Moreover, severe anxiety, measured by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale score, was identified as a risk factor for self-reported suicide attempts in female middle-aged AD patients. Additionally, elevated thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels were linked to self-reported suicide attempts in male AD patients. Our findings suggest that there are no significant sex differences in the prevalence of self-reported suicide attempts in this population, but there may be sex-specific risk factors for self-reported suicide attempts in middle-aged AD. Clinical psychiatrists need to pay attention to thyroid hormone levels in middle-aged anxious depression.

Co-occurrence of depressive and anxious symptoms and their influence on self-rated health: a national representative survey among Chinese older adults.

OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of the co-occurrence of depressive and anxious symptoms (CO) and their influence on perceived overall health were not clear in community dwelling Chinese older adults. The aims of the study were to investigate the prevalence of CO and to explore its influence on self-rated health (SRH). METHOD: This study included 12301 individuals aged ≥65 years from the 2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), a nationally representative survey of older adults in mainland China. Participants received face-to-face interviews and assessments of depressive symptoms and anxious symptoms via 10-item of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) and 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7), respectively. SRH was measured by self-reported. A logistic regression model was used to examine the association between CO and SRH after adjusting for confounding variables. RESULTS: The average age was 83.4 (SD: 11.0) years and there were 6576 (53.5%) females. The age- and sex-standardized prevalence of depressive symptoms only (DSO) was 38.6%, anxious symptoms only (ASO) was 1.5%, and CO was 10.8%. Compared with those without depressive and anxious symptoms, the older adults with DSO or ASO were more likely to have significant influence on SRH. And particularly, CO was likely to produce the greatest decrement in the level of SRH. CONCLUSION: CO was not rare in Chinese older adults nationwide. The older adults having CO had increased risk for lower level of SRH than having DSO or ASO. More attention should be given to CO among the older adults.

High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) in major depressive disorder with anxious distress-a study protocol for a double-blinded randomized sham-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Comorbid anxiety disorders and anxious distress are highly prevalent among individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). The presence of the DSM-5 anxious distress specifier (ADS) has been associated with worse treatment outcomes and chronic disease course. Few studies have evaluated the therapeutic effects of High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on depressive and anxiety symptoms among MDD patients with ADS. The current randomized controlled trial aims to assess the efficacy of HD-tDCS as an augmentation therapy with antidepressants compared to sham-control in subjects of MDD with ADS. METHODS: MDD patients with ADS will be recruited and randomly assigned to the active HD-tDCS or sham HD-tDCS group. In both groups, patients will receive the active or sham intervention in addition to their pre-existing antidepressant therapy, for 2 weeks with 5 sessions per week, each lasting 30 min. The primary outcome measures will be the change of depressive symptoms, clinical response, and the remission rate as measured with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) before and after the intervention and at the 2nd and 6th week after the completed intervention. Secondary outcome measures include anxiety symptoms, cognitive symptoms, disability assessment, and adverse effects. DISCUSSION: The HD-tDCS applied in this trial may have treatment effects on MDD with ADS and have minimal side effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial protocol is registered with www.chictr.org.cn under protocol registration number ChiCTR2300071726. Registered 23 May 2023.

Characteristics of attentional bias in adolescents with major depressive disorders: differentiating the impact of anxious distress specifier.

Background: No consistent conclusion has been reached regarding the attentional bias characteristics of adolescents with major depressive disorders (MDD), and unexamined co-occurring anxiety distress may contribute to this inconsistency. Methods: We enrolled 50 MDD adolescents with anxiety distress, 47 MDD adolescents without anxiety distress and 48 healthy adolescents. We measured attentional bias using a point-probe paradigm during a negative-neutral emotional face task. Reaction time, correct response rate and attentional bias value were measured. Results: MDD adolescents did not show a negative attentional bias; MDD adolescents with anxiety distress exhibited longer reaction time for negative and neutral stimuli, lower correct response rate for negative stimuli. Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores were positively correlated with reaction time, negatively correlated with correct response rate, and not significantly correlated with attentional bias value. Limitations: The cross-sectional design hinders causal attribution, and positive emotional faces were not included in our paradigm. Conclusion: Negative attentional bias is not a stable cognitive trait in adolescents with MDD, and avoidance or difficulty in disengaging attention from negative emotional stimuli may be the attentional bias characteristic of MDD adolescents with anxiety distress.

Is autonomic functioning distinctly associated with anxiety and unsociability in preschoolers?

There are many benefits of peer interactions for children's social, emotional, and cognitive development, and isolation from peers may have negative consequences for children. Although biological processes may underlie social withdrawal broadly, distinct patterns may be associated with withdrawal behaviors depending on their underlying motivation (e.g., shy versus disinterested). This study investigated the role of autonomic nervous system activity, as assessed via skin conductance level (SCL) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in predicting changes in unsociability (e.g., lack of interest in peers) and anxious-fearfulness (e.g., discomfort among peers). Data were collected using a community sample of 92 US preschool children (45.7% female; Mage = 45.51 months, SDage = 3.81 months) at two time points one year apart. Gender differences were also explored. Baseline physiology was assessed while viewing a neutral video clip, and reactivity was assessed while viewing social exclusion and post-aggression discussion videos. For all children, coinhibition (i.e., SCL inhibition accompanied by RSA inhibition) to the post-aggression discussion video and blunted SCL activation to the exclusion video were prospectively associated with higher levels of anxious-fearfulness one year later. For boys only, baseline reciprocal sympathetic activation (i.e., SCL activation and RSA inhibition) was prospectively related to higher levels of unsociability one year later. For girls only, RSA inhibition in response to the post-aggression discussion video was prospectively related to higher levels of unsociability one year later. Findings contribute to a growing literature on autonomic reactivity in preschoolers' adjustment and suggest possible differences in the physiological processes underlying unsociability and anxious-fearfulness.

The Potential Role of Aripiprazole Augmentation for Major Depressive Disorder with Anxious Distress in Naturalistic Treatment Setting.

Objective: : This study tried to observe clinical benefit of aripiprazole augmentation (ARPA) treatment for major depressive disorder with anxious distress (MDDA) in routine practice. Methods: : Retrospective chart review (n = 41) was conducted for clinical benefit of ARPA in patients with MDDA in routine practice. The primary endpoint was the mean change of Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale (HAMA) total scores from baseline to the endpoint. Additional secondary endpoints were also retrieved. Results: : The changes of primary endpoint HAMA (t = 5.731, -4.6, p = 0.001), and secondary endpoints including Hamilton Depression Rating scale (HAMD, t = 4.284, -3.4, p ＜ 0.001), Clinical Global Impression-Clinical Benefit (CGI-CB, -0.9, t = 1.821, p = 0.026), and Clinical Global Impression Score-Severity (CGI-S, t = 3.556, -0.4, p ＜ 0.001) scores were also significantly improved during the study. No significant adverse events were observed. Conclusion: : This study has shown additional benefit of ARPA treatment for MDDA patients in routine practice. However, adequately-powered and well-controlled studies are necessary for generalization of the present findings.

Risk factors of suicide re-attempt: A two-year prospective study.

BACKGROUND: History of suicide attempt (SA) is the strongest predictor of a new SA and suicide. It is primordial to identify additional risk factors of suicide re-attempt. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors of suicide re-attempt in patients with recent SA followed for 2 years. METHODS: In this multicentric cohort of adult inpatients, the median of the index SA before inclusion was 10 days. Clinicians assessed a large panel of psychological dimensions using validated tools. Occurrence of a new SA or death by suicide during the follow-up was recorded. A cluster analysis was used to identify the dimensions that best characterized the population and a variable "number of personality traits" was created that included the three most representative traits: anxiety, anger, and anxious lability. Risk factors of re-attempt were assessed with adjusted Cox regression models. RESULTS: Among the 379 patients included, 100 (26.4 %) re-attempted suicide and 6 (1.6 %) died by suicide. The two major risk factors of suicide re-attempt were no history of violent SA and presenting two or three personality traits among trait anxiety, anger and anxious lability. LIMITATIONS: It was impossible to know if treatment change during follow-up occur before or after the re-attempt. DISCUSSION: One of the most important predictors of re-attempt in suicide attempters with mood disorders, was the presence of three personality traits (anger, anxiety, and anxious lability). Clinicians should provide close monitoring to patients presenting these traits and proposed treatments specifically targeting these dimensions, especially anxiety.

Job Burnout Among the Helping Professions: The Roles of Childhood Maltreatment, Attachment Styles and Perceived Supervisor Support.

Job burnout is a major predicament globally, especially among the helping professions. Based on the job demands-resources (JDR) theory and on attachment theory, this study explored the relations between a history of childhood maltreatment (CM), insecure attachment styles (avoidant and anxious), perceived supervisor support and job burnout. A sample of 320 helping professionals participated in the study, of which 35% reported experiencing CM. Findings confirmed the hypothesis that a history of CM was positively related to both avoidant and anxious attachment styles. Anxious attachment style partly mediated the relationship between CM and burnout. In addition, the relationship between CM and burnout was mediated by avoidant attachment style and perceived supervisor support, so that highly avoidant professionals perceived their supervisors as less supportive, reporting higher levels of burnout. Notably, there were no discernible variations in burnout levels when comparing professionals who had experienced maltreatment with those who had not. The study highlights the value of adopting an attachment perspective to better understand job burnout among the helping professions.

The impact of depressive and anxious symptoms on non-suicidal self-injury behavior in adolescents: a network analysis.

PURPOSE: Conceptualizing adolescent NSSI and emotional symptoms as a system of causal elements could provide valuable insights into the development of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescent. This study aimed to explore the intricate relationship between NSSI, depressive symptoms, and anxious symptoms in adolescents, identifying key symptoms to establish a theoretical foundation for targeted and effective interventions addressing NSSI behaviors in this population. METHODS: A total of 412 adolescents with NSSI behaviors were selected from outpatients. Generalized anxious disorder scale (GAD-7) and patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) were employed to measure anxious symptoms and depressive symptoms, respectively. The adolescent non-suicidal self-injury assessment questionnaire (ANSSIAQ) was used to evaluate NSSI of adolescent. Using network analysis, the NSSI、depressive symptoms and anxious symptoms network were constructed to identify the most central symptoms and the bridge symptoms within the networks. RESULTS: The findings revealed that the NSSI functional nodes "coping with sadness and disappointment" and "relieving stress or anxious" exhibited the strongest correlation, with a regularized partial correlation coefficient was 0.401. The symptoms "having a desire to harm oneself and unable to stop" and the node "depressive symptoms" had the highest strength centrality in the network, and their strength centrality indices were 1.267 and 1.263, respectively. The bridge nodes were "having a desire to harm oneself and unable to stop" and "expressing one's despair and hopelessness", with expected impact indices of 0.389 and 0.396, respectively. CONCLUSION: In adolescents, the network revealed a closer connection between NSSI and depressive symptoms. "The desire to not stop hurting oneself" is not only broadly connected to other nodes but also could activate other nodes to maintain NSSI behavior. In light of these findings, precise targets for pharmacological treatment, psychotherapy, physical therapy, etc., are identified for adolescents with NSSI. Targeting this specific aspect in interventions may contribute to preventing and reducing NSSI behavior in adolescents.

Oral exposure to food grade titanium dioxide (E171) induces intestinal and behavioural alterations in adult mice but limited effects in young mice.

BACKGROUND: Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171), a white colourant widely used in ultra-processed food products, has been banned in the European Union. However, its usage is still permitted in medicines, and in several other countries. The estimated intake of E171 in children is higher than in adults, which led us to hypothesise that E171 induces differential effects depending on age, with adult mice being the most susceptible due to age, despite the lower dose. AIM: To evaluate the effects of oral administration of E171 on intestinal permeability, ileum, and colon histology, and how these effects impact anxious and depressive behaviour in young and adult mice of both sexes. METHODS: Young and adult mice of both sexes C57BL/6 mice received 10 mg/kgbw E171/3 times per week for 3 months. E171 was administered orally in water by pipetting, while control groups only received drinking water, then intestinal permeability, histology and animal behaviour were analysed. RESULTS: E171 showed an amorphous shape, primary particles sized below 1 µm and anatase crystalline structure. Oral administration of E171 disrupted the intestinal permeability in adult male and female mice, but no effects were observed in young mice of both sexes. E171 promoted ileal adenoma formation in half of the adult female population, moreover hyperplastic crypts, and hyperplastic goblet cells at histological level in adult mice of both sexes. The colon presented hyperplastic goblet cells, hyperchromatic nuclei, increased proliferation and DNA damage in adult mice of both sexes. The anxiety and depressive behaviour were only altered in adult mice treated with E171, but no changes were detected in young animals of both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: Adult mice displayed higher susceptibility in all parameters analysed in this study compared to young mice of both sexes.

Dysconnectivity of the brain functional network and abnormally expressed peripheral transcriptional profiles in patients with anxious depression.

BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous mental disorder, and accompanying anxiety symptoms, known as anxious depression (AD), are the most common subtype. However, the pathophysiology of AD may be distinct in depressed patients without anxiety (NAD) and remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between functional connectivity and peripheral transcriptional profiles in patients with AD and NAD. METHODS: Functional imaging data were collected to identify differences in functional networks among patients with AD (n = 66), patients with NAD (n = 115), and healthy controls (HC, n = 200). The peripheral transcriptional data were clustered as co-expression modules, and their associations with AD, AND, and HC were analyzed. The gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses of the genes in the significant module were performed. Correlation analysis was performed to identify functional network-associated gene co-expression modules. RESULTS: A network was identified which consisted of 23 nodes and 28 edges that were significantly different among three sample groups. The regions of the network were located in temporal and occipital lobe. Two gene co-expression modules were shown to be associated with NAD, and one of which was correlated with the disrupted network in the AD group. The biological function of this module was enriched in immune regulation pathways. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that immune-related mechanisms were associated with functional networks in AD.

The Problematic Online Dating Apps Use Scale (PODAUS): Development and evaluation of its psychometric properties.

The internet has facilitated significant transformations in interpersonal interactions, and offers new possibilities for finding romantic partners through the use of online dating apps. However, as with other technology-based tools, some individuals can develop problematic patterns of dating apps use, exhibiting symptoms resembling addiction. Consequently, the aim of the present study was the development of a new psychometric instrument to assess problematic dating apps use, the Problematic Online Dating Apps Use Scale (PODAUS), and the examination of its psychometric properties. The sample comprised 384 participants (254 females and 130 males; Mage=25.90 years; SD=5.21) who used dating apps daily. They completed an online survey including the PODAUS, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, Cyber Pornography Addiction Test, Love Addiction Inventory-Short-Form, and Ten-Item Personality Inventory. The PODAUS showed a one-factor structure with good indications of validity, reliability, and gender measurement invariance. Problematic online dating apps use was significantly associated with problematic social media use, problematic cyberpornography use, love addiction, and three personality traits (i.e., agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness). The PODAUS is a new and succinct self-report measure that assesses problematic dating apps use, and can be easily used in both research and clinical practice.