Effects of flow-induced electromagnetic field and surface roughness on antifouling activity of phenolic compounds.

Microbial fouling involves the physicochemical interactions between microorganisms and solid surfaces. An electromagnetic field (EMF) may change the diffusion rates of microbial cells and the electrical double layer around the cells and contacting surfaces. In the current study, polycardanol exhibiting antibiofouling activity was modified with ferromagnetic iron oxide (IO) to investigate the EMF effects on bacterial adhesion. When there was a flow of electrolyte that contained bacterial cells, flow-induced EMF was generated according to Faraday's principle. It was observed that the IO-ionic solution (IS)-modified surfaces, with an induced current of 44, 53, 66 nA, showed decreases in the adhesion of bacteria cells more than the unmodified (polycardanol) and IO-nanoparticles-modified ones. In addition to the EMF effects, the nano-scale uniform roughness of the modified surfaces appeared to play an important role in the reduction of cell adhesion. The results demonstrated that the IOIS-modified surface (3.2 × 10-6 mM IO) had the highest antibiofouling activity.

The Role of Cyanoacrylate after Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: A Single Center Study.

BACKGROUND: The management of the surgical wound of partially impacted mandibular third molar surgery has a great impact on recovery as well as on food impact retention. The present study used clinical parameters and health-related quality of life (HRQL) to compare outcomes of cyanoacrylate application versus traditional suture of third molar impaction surgery. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study of subjects scheduled for outpatient third molar surgery. Each participant signed an informed consent agreement. Inclusion criteria were as follows: presence of at least one partially impacted mandibular third molar, confirmed with a preoperative panoramic radiograph. Exclusion criteria were the following: smoking, diagnosed diabetes mellitus. Between June 2020 and September 2023, a total of 78 patients of mean age 31.14 years old (range 21-40 years, standard deviation 9.14), were included in this study-38 patients were male, 40 patients were female. A group of patients received traditional silk suture (G1 = 41 patients), while the second group (G2 = 37 patients) received hemostasis performed with fibrin sponge and, after complete soaking of the sponge, the application of cyanoacrylate gel on the blood clot and suture with one 2/0 stitch in order for recovery for secondary closure. The following parameters were measured: HRQL, average pain (AP), maximum pain (MP), complication score (CS), facial swelling (FS), and erythema. RESULTS: For HRQL parameters, oral disability was found to be significantly higher in G1 while AP was significantly higher in G2 (p < 0.05). AP was higher in G2 (p = 0.0098), as well as MP (p = 0.001). No differences were found with regards to CS (p = 0.0759). FS and erythema were higher in G1 (p < 0.0001 for facial swelling, and p = 0.0001 for erythema). CONCLUSIONS: on the basis of this study, the use of cyanoacrylate after mandibular third molar surgery appears to be useful in order to reduce postoperative oral disability, facial swelling, and erythema after tooth extraction, with increased average and medium pain: clinicians may consider its use in selected cases.

New Generation of Osteoinductive and Antimicrobial Polycaprolactone-Based Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review.

With respect to other fields, bone tissue engineering has significantly expanded in recent years, leading not only to relevant advances in biomedical applications but also to innovative perspectives. Polycaprolactone (PCL), produced in the beginning of the 1930s, is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer. Due to its mechanical and physicochemical features, as well as being easily shapeable, PCL-based constructs can be produced with different shapes and degradation kinetics. Moreover, due to various development processes, PCL can be made as 3D scaffolds or fibres for bone tissue regeneration applications. This outstanding biopolymer is versatile because it can be modified by adding agents with antimicrobial properties, not only antibiotics/antifungals, but also metal ions or natural compounds. In addition, to ameliorate its osteoproliferative features, it can be blended with calcium phosphates. This review is an overview of the current state of our recent investigation into PCL modifications designed to impair microbial adhesive capability and, in parallel, to allow eukaryotic cell viability and integration, in comparison with previous reviews and excellent research papers. Our recent results demonstrated that the developed 3D constructs had a high interconnected porosity, and the addition of biphasic calcium phosphate improved human cell attachment and proliferation. The incorporation of alternative antimicrobials-for instance, silver and essential oils-at tuneable concentrations counteracted microbial growth and biofilm formation, without affecting eukaryotic cells' viability. Notably, this challenging research area needs the multidisciplinary work of material scientists, biologists, and orthopaedic surgeons to determine the most suitable modifications on biomaterials to design favourable 3D scaffolds based on PCL for the targeted healing of damaged bone tissue.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Novel Biomaterials for Dental Implant Surfaces: An In Vitro Comparative Study.

BACKGROUND: Dental implantology is continually evolving in its quest to discover new biomaterials to improve dental implant success rates. The study explored the potential of innovative biomaterials for dental implant surfaces, including titanium-zirconium (Ti-Zr) alloy, hydroxyapatite-coated titanium (HA-Ti), and porous polyetheretherketone (PEEK), in comparison to conventional commercially pure titanium (CP Ti). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 186 samples were harvested for the analysis. Biomaterials were thoroughly evaluated in terms of surface topography, chemical composition, biocompatibility, mechanical properties, osseointegration performance, and bacterial adhesion. Study methods and techniques included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cell culture variants, tensile tests, hardness measurements, histological analysis, and microbiological testing. RESULTS: Surface topography examination showed significant disparities between the biomaterials: Ti-Zr had a better roughness of 1.23 µm, while HA-Ti demonstrated a smoother surface at 0.98 µm. Chemical composition evaluation indicated the presence of a Ti-Zr alloy in Ti-Zr, calcium-phosphorus richness in HA-Ti, and high titanium amounts in CP Ti. The mechanical properties assessment showed that Ti-Zr and CP Ti had good tensile strengths of 750 MPa and 320 HV. In addition, bacterial adhesion tests showed low propensities for Ti-Zr and HA-Ti at 1200 and 800 cfu/cm2, respectively. CONCLUSION: Ti-Zr and HA-Ti performed better than the other biomaterials in surface topography and mechanical properties and against bacterial adhesion. This study emphasizes that multi-parameter analysis is critical for clinical decision-making, allowing for the selection of the currently available biomaterial, which could be conducive to the long-term success of the implant.

Bacterial adhesion and surface properties of computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing restorative materials.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the surface properties and bacterial adhesion of computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) restorative materials. METHODS: Four CAD-CAM resin-based blocks (Vita Enamic, Shofu block HC, Cerasmart [CS] and Lava Ultimate [LU]) and a leucite-reinforced glass ceramic block (IPS Empress CAD) were used in the present study. Specimens prepared with dimensions of 10 × 10 × 1 mm were polished. Surface characteristics were assessed with hydrophobicity and surface free energy (SFE) analysis. Surface roughness was measured using a profilometer, and elemental and topographic evaluations were performed with SEM-EDX analysis. After being kept in artificial saliva for 1 h, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Streptococcus mitis (S. mitis) were incubated separately in 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37°C for 24 h. The adhered bacteria were counted as ×108 CFU/mL. RESULTS: Surface roughness, contact angle and SFE measurement values were found to be in the range of 0.144-0.264 Ra, 28.362°-70.074° and 39.65-63.62 mN/m, respectively. The highest adhered amount of S. mutans was found in CS and the lowest in LU, while there was no significant difference between the amounts of adhered S. mitis. CONCLUSION: Despite differences in the surface properties of the materials used for the study, the materials exhibited identical properties with respect to bacterial adhesion.

The strongest protein binder is surprisingly labile.

Bacterial adhesins are cell-surface proteins that anchor to the cell wall of the host. The first stage of infection involves the specific attachment to fibrinogen (Fg), a protein found in human blood. This attachment allows bacteria to colonize tissues causing diseases such as endocarditis. The study of this family of proteins is hence essential to develop new strategies to fight bacterial infections. In the case of the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, there exists a class of adhesins known as microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs). Here, we focus on one of them, the clumping factor A (ClfA), which has been found to bind Fg through the dock-lock-latch mechanism. Interestingly, it has recently been discovered that MSCRAMM proteins employ a catch-bond to withstand forces exceeding 2 nN, making this type of interaction as mechanically strong as a covalent bond. However, it is not known whether this strength is an evolved feature characteristic of the bacterial protein or is typical only of the interaction with its partner. Here, we combine single-molecule force spectroscopy, biophysical binding assays, and molecular simulations to study the intrinsic mechanical strength of ClfA. We find that despite the extremely high forces required to break its interactions with Fg, ClfA is not by itself particularly strong. Integrating the results from both theory and experiments we dissect contributions to the mechanical stability of this protein.

Effect of mutanase and dextranase on biofilms of cariogenic bacteria: A systematic review of in vitro studies.

Matrix-degrading enzymes are promising non-biocidal adjuncts to dental biofilm control and caries prevention. By disrupting the biofilm matrix structure, enzymes may prevent biofilm formation or disperse established biofilms without compromising the microbial homeostasis in the mouth. This study reviewed whether treatment with mutanase and/or dextranase inhibits cariogenic biofilm growth and/or removes cariogenic biofilms in vitro. An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and LIVIVO databases. Manual searches were performed to identify additional records. Studies that quantitatively measured the effect of mutanase and/or dextranase on the inhibition/removal of in vitro cariogenic biofilms were considered eligible for inclusion. Out of 809 screened records, 34 articles investigating the effect of dextranase (n = 23), mutanase (n = 10), and/or combined enzyme treatment (n = 7) were included in the review. The overall risk of bias of the included studies was moderate. Most investigations used simple biofilm models based on one or few bacterial species and employed treatment times ≥30 min. The current evidence suggests that mutanase and dextranase, applied as single or combined treatment, are able to both inhibit and remove in vitro cariogenic biofilms. The pooled data indicate that enzymes are more effective for biofilm inhibition than removal, and an overall higher effect of mutanase compared to dextranase was observed.

Extracellular components in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli biofilm and impact of treatment with proteinase K, DNase or sodium metaperiodate.

Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) is a major cause of diarrhea worldwide. EAEC are highly adherent to cultured epithelial cells and make biofilms. Both adherence and biofilm formation rely on the presence of aggregative adherence fimbriae (AAF). We compared biofilm formation from two EAEC strains of each of the five AAF types. We found that AAF type did not correlate with the level of biofilm produced. Because the composition of the EAEC biofilm has not been fully described, we stained EAEC biofilms to determine if they contained protein, carbohydrate glycoproteins, and/or eDNA and found that EAEC biofilms contained all three extracellular components. Next, we assessed the changes to the growing or mature EAEC biofilm mediated by treatment with proteinase K, DNase, or a carbohydrate cleavage agent to target the different components of the matrix. Growing biofilms treated with proteinase K had decreased biofilm staining for more than half of the strains tested. In contrast, although sodium metaperiodate only altered the biofilm in a quantitative way for two strains, images of biofilms treated with sodium metaperiodate showed that the EAEC were more spread out. Overall, we found variability in the response of the EAEC strains to the treatments, with no one treatment producing a biofilm change for all strains. Finally, once formed, mature EAEC biofilms were more resistant to treatment than biofilms grown in the presence of those same treatments.

Development of Predictive Modeling for Removal of Multispecies Biofilms of Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter jejuni from Poultry Slaughterhouse Surfaces.

Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter jejuni are among the most common foodborne pathogens worldwide, and poultry products are strongly associated with foodborne pathogen outbreaks. These pathogens are capable of producing biofilms on several surfaces used in the food processing industry, including polyethylene and stainless steel. However, studies on multi-species biofilms are rare. Therefore, this study aimed to develop predictive mathematical models to simulate the adhesion and removal of multispecies biofilms. All combinations of microorganisms resulted in biofilm formation with differences in bacterial counts. E. coli showed the greatest ability to adhere to both surfaces, followed by S. Enteritidis and C. jejuni. The incubation time and temperature did not influence adhesion. Biofilm removal was effective with citric acid and benzalkonium chloride but not with rhamnolipid. Among the generated models, 46 presented a significant coefficient of determination (R2), with the highest R2 being 0.88. These results provide support for the poultry industry in creating biofilm control and eradication programs to avoid the risk of contamination of poultry meat.

Nanoscale Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Microbial Adhesion: Unveiling Stepwise Transitions with Plasmonic Imaging.

Understanding bacterial adhesion at the nanoscale is crucial for elucidating biofilm formation, enhancing biosensor performance, and designing advanced biomaterials. However, the dynamics of the critical transition from reversible to irreversible adhesion has remained elusive due to analytical constraints. Here, we probed this adhesion transition, unveiling nanoscale, step-like bacterial approaches to substrates using a plasmonic imaging technique. This method reveals the discontinuous nature of adhesion, emphasizing the complex interplay between bacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and substrates. Our findings not only deepen our understanding of bacterial adhesion but also have significant implications for the development of theoretical models for biofilm management. By elucidating these nanoscale step-like adhesion processes, our work provides avenues for the application of nanotechnology in biosensing, biofilm control, and the creation of biomimetic materials.

The MATH test. A three-phase assay?

This study aimed to investigating the possible interference caused by glass test tubes on the quantification of bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbons by the MATH test. The adhesion of four bacteria to hexadecane and to glass test tubes was evaluated employing different suspending polar phases. The role of the ionic strength of the polar phase regarding adhesion to glassware was investigated. Within the conditions studied, Gram-positive bacteria adhered to both the test tube and the hydrocarbon regardless of the polar phase employed; meanwhile, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 did not attach to either one. The capacity of the studied microorganisms to adhere to glassware was associated with their electron-donor properties. The ionic strength of the suspending media altered the patterns of adhesion to glass in a strain-specific manner by defining the magnitude of electrostatic repulsion observed between bacteria and the glass surface. This research demonstrated that glass test tubes may interact with suspended bacterial cells during the MATH test under specific conditions, which may lead to overestimating the percentage of adhesion to hydrocarbons and, thus, to erroneous values of cell surface hydrophobicity.

Does dental material type influence bacterial adhesion under the same polishing conditions? Direct observation using a fluorescent staining technique: An in vitro study.

Highly polished 3, 4, and 5 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia and CAD/CAM composite resin samples were prepared, and the influence of surface roughness (Ra and Sa, 21 areas/group), wettability (contact angle and surface energy, 3 samples/group), and surface chemical composition (2 samples/group) on single-strain bacterial adhesion models (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus gordonii, and Streptococcus mutans) were compared via fluorescent staining with graphical analysis (21 areas/group). Statistical analysis was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk test followed by one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's test or the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's test (α=0.05) and linear regression. For dental zirconia with the same surface roughness, the yttria content did not significantly influence the initial bacterial adhesion. However, higher bacterial adhesion was detected for the composite resin owing to its high C, O, and Si contents. There was no correlation between surface energy and bacterial adhesion for any bacterial strain (p<0.005).

TiO2 nanotubes as an antibacterial nanotextured surface for dental implants: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Nanotechnology is constantly advancing in dental science, progressing several features aimed at improving dental implants. An alternative for surface treatment of dental implants is electrochemical anodization, which may generate a nanotubular surface (TiO2 nanotubes) with antibacterial potential and osteoinductive features. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to elucidate the possible antibacterial properties of the surface in question compared to the untreated titanium surface. SOURCES: For that purpose, was performed a systematic search on the bases PubMed, Lilacs, Embase, Web Of Science, Cinahl, and Cochrane Central, as well as, manual searches and gray literature. STUDY SELECTION: The searches resulted in 742 articles, of which 156 followed for full-text reading. Then, 37 were included in the systematic review and 8 were included in meta-analysis. RESULTS: Fifteen studies revealed significant antibacterial protection using TiO2 nanotube surfaces, while 15 studies found no statistical difference between control and nanotextured surfaces. Meta-analysis of in vitro studies demonstrated relevant bacterial reduction only for studies investigating Staphylococcus aureus in a period of 6 h. Meta-analysis of in vivo studies revealed three times lower bacterial adhesion and proliferation on TiO2 nanotube surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: TiO2 nanotube topography as a surface for dental implants in preclinical research has demonstrated a positive relationship with antibacterial properties, nevertheless, factors such as anodization protocols, bacteria strains, and mono-culture methods should be taken into consideration, consequently, further studies are necessary to promote clinical translatability.

Anti-Biofilm Strategies: A Focused Review on Innovative Approaches.

Biofilm (BF) can give rise to systemic infections, prolonged hospitalization times, and, in the worst case, death. This review aims to provide an overview of recent strategies for the prevention and destruction of pathogenic BFs. First, the main phases of the life cycle of BF and maturation will be described to identify potential targets for anti-BF approaches. Then, an approach acting on bacterial adhesion, quorum sensing (QS), and the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix will be introduced and discussed. Finally, bacteriophage-mediated strategies will be presented as innovative approaches against BF inhibition/destruction.

New strontium-based coatings show activity against pathogenic bacteria in spine infection.

Infections of implants and prostheses represent relevant complications associated with the implantation of biomedical devices in spine surgery. Indeed, due to the length of the surgical procedures and the need to implant invasive devices, infections have high incidence, interfere with osseointegration, and are becoming increasingly difficult to threat with common therapies due to the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes by pathogenic bacteria. The application of metal-substituted tricalcium phosphate coatings onto the biomedical devices is a promising strategy to simultaneously prevent bacterial infections and promote osseointegration/osseoinduction. Strontium-substituted tricalcium phosphate (Sr-TCP) is known to be an encouraging formulation with osseoinductive properties, but its antimicrobial potential is still unexplored. To this end, novel Sr-TCP coatings were manufactured by Ionized Jet Deposition technology and characterized for their physiochemical and morphological properties, cytotoxicity, and bioactivity against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P human pathogenic strains. The coatings are nanostructured, as they are composed by aggregates with diameters from 90 nm up to 1 µm, and their morphology depends significantly on the deposition time. The Sr-TCP coatings did not exhibit any cytotoxic effects on human cell lines and provided an inhibitory effect on the planktonic growth of E. coli and S. aureus strains after 8 h of incubation. Furthermore, bacterial adhesion (after 4 h of exposure) and biofilm formation (after 24 h of cell growth) were significantly reduced when the strains were cultured on Sr-TCP compared to tricalcium phosphate only coatings. On Sr-TCP coatings, E. coli and S. aureus cells lost their organization in a biofilm-like structure and showed morphological alterations due to the toxic effect of the metal. These results demonstrate the stability and anti-adhesion/antibiofilm properties of IJD-manufactured Sr-TCP coatings, which represent potential candidates for future applications to prevent prostheses infections and to promote osteointegration/osteoinduction.

The Critical Role of Intracellular Bacterial Communities in Uncomplicated Recurrent Urinary Cystitis: A Comprehensive Review of Detection Methods and Diagnostic Potential.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections worldwide and are particularly prevalent in women. Recurrent UTIs significantly diminish quality of life due to their symptoms and frequent relapses. Patients often experience immediate relapse following slightly strenuous activities or intense psychological stress. In this review, we explore why infections persist despite the advent of various treatments and suggest strategies to manage recurrent cystitis by targeting the mechanisms of adhesion and infection. Vitamin D levels and the expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin are linked to the recurrence of UTIs. During a UTI, bacteria employ adhesins to invade the urinary tract, adhere to urothelial cells, and then penetrate these cells, where they rapidly multiply to establish intracellular bacterial communities. Bacteria can also form quiescent intracellular reservoirs that escape immune responses and antibiotic treatments, leading to recurrence under certain conditions. The surface proteins of bacteria and D-mannose are crucial in the adhesion of bacteria to the urothelium. Understanding these processes provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic approaches that focus on preventing bacterial attachment and cluster formation. By disrupting the ability of bacteria to adhere to and form clusters on cells, we can better manage recurrent UTIs and improve patient outcomes.

Visible light-induced photocatalytic and antibacterial adhesion properties of superhydrophilic TiO2 nanoparticles.

Bacterial infections triggered by patient or healthcare worker contact with surfaces are a major cause of medically acquired infections. By controlling the kinetics of tetrabutyl titanate hydrolysis and condensation during the sol-gel process, it is possible to regulate the content of Ti3+ and oxygen vacancies (OVs) in TiO2, and adjust the associated visible light-induced photocatalytic performance and anti-bacterial adhesion properties. The results have shown that the Ti3+ content in TiO2 was 9.87% at the calcination temperature of the reaction system was 300 °C and pH was 1.0, corresponding to optimal photocatalytic and hydrophilic properties. The formation of a hydrated layer on the superhydrophilic surface provided resistance to bacterial adhesion, preventing cross-contamination on high-touch surfaces. The excellent photocatalytic self-cleaning performance and anti-bacterial adhesion properties can be attributed to synergistic effects associated with the high specific surface area of TiO2 nanoparticles, the mesoporous structure, and the presence of Ti3+ and OVs. The formation of superhydrophilic self-cleaning surfaces under visible light can serve as the basis for the development of a new class of anti-bacterial adhesion materials.

Cryo-EM analysis of Pseudomonas phage Pa193 structural components.

The World Health Organization has designated Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a critical pathogen for the development of new antimicrobials. Bacterial viruses, or bacteriophages, have been used in various clinical settings, commonly called phage therapy, to address this growing public health crisis. Here, we describe a high-resolution structural atlas of a therapeutic, contractile-tailed Pseudomonas phage, Pa193. We used bioinformatics, proteomics, and cryogenic electron microscopy single particle analysis to identify, annotate, and build atomic models for 21 distinct structural polypeptide chains forming the icosahedral capsid, neck, contractile tail, and baseplate. We identified a putative scaffolding protein stabilizing the interior of the capsid 5-fold vertex. We also visualized a large portion of Pa193 ~ 500 Å long tail fibers and resolved the interface between the baseplate and tail fibers. The work presented here provides a framework to support a better understanding of phages as biomedicines for phage therapy and inform engineering opportunities.

Mircrofabricating double-sided polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) artificial phylloplane for microbial food safety research.

Leafy green surface microbiology studies often experience significant variations in results due to the heterogeneous nature of leaf surfaces. To provide a precise and controllable substitute, we microfabricated double-sided artificial leafy green phylloplanes using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a vinyl-terminated polyethylene glycol chain-based hydrophobicity modifier (PDMS-PEG) to modify PDMS hydrophobicity. We further tested the properties and applications of these artificial leaves, by examining the function of epicuticular wax, growth and survival of E. coli O157:H7 87-23 on the surface, and removal of attached E. coli cells via sanitation. The double-sided PDMS-PDMS-PEG leaves well-replicated their natural counterparts in macroscopic and microscopic structure, hydrophobicity, and E. coli O157:H7 87-23 attachment. After depositing natural epicuticular wax onto artificial leaves, the leaf surface wetting ability decreased, while E. coli O157:H7 87-23 surface retention increased. The artificial leaves supplied with lettuce lysate or bacterial growth media supported E. coli O157:H7 87-23 growth and survival similarly to those on natural leaves. In the sanitation test, the artificial lettuce leaves also displayed patterns similar to those of natural leaves regarding sanitizer efficiency. Overall, this study showcased the microfabrication and applications of double-sided PDMS-PDMS-PEG leaves as a replicable and controllable platform for future leafy green food safety studies.

Enhancing antibacterial properties of titanium implants through a novel Ag-TiO2-OTS nanocomposite coating: a comprehensive study on resist-killing-disintegrate approach.

Titanium (Ti) implants are widely used in orthopedic and dental applications due to their excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, bacterial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation on implant surfaces pose a significant risk of postoperative infections and complications. Conventional surface modifications often lack long-lasting antibacterial efficacy, necessitating the development of novel coatings with enhanced antimicrobial properties. This study aims to develop a novel Ag-TiO2-OTS (Silver-Titanium dioxide-Octadecyltrichlorosilane, ATO) nanocomposite coating, through a chemical plating method. By employing a 'resist-killing-disintegrate' approach, the coating is designed to inhibit bacterial adhesion effectively, and facilitate pollutant removal with lasting effects. Characterization of the coatings was performed using spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and contact angle analysis. Antibacterial efficacy, quantitatively evaluated against E. coli and S. aureus over 168 h, showed a significant reduction in bacterial adhesion by 76.6% and 66.5% respectively, and bacterial removal rates were up to 83.8% and 73.3% in comparison to uncoated Ti-base material. Additionally, antibacterial assays indicated that the ratio of the Lifshitz-van der Waals apolar component to electron donor surface energy components significantly influences bacterial adhesion and removal, underscoring a tunable parameter for optimizing antibacterial surfaces. Biocompatibility assessments with the L929 cell line revealed that the ATO coatings exhibited excellent biocompatibility, with minimal cytotoxicity and no significant impact on cell proliferation or apoptosis. The ATO coatings provided a multi-functionality surface that not only resists bacterial colonization but also possesses self-cleaning capabilities, thereby marking a substantial advancement in the development of antibacterial coatings for medical implants.