Effects of recalling place memory on promoting cooperative behaviors in local communities.

AIMS: The present study aimed to develop a theoretical model that explores the influence of recalling place memory on cooperative behaviors in local communities. METHODS: Five hundred ninety-five Japanese residents (mean age = 49.75 years) participated in an online survey, in which they received one of the three interventions: (1) positive memory; (2) neutral memory and (3) negative memory. Participants were instructed to recall their place memories within their living areas and provide ratings for their place attachment, emotional valence, perceived self-interest, and willingness to engage in cooperative behaviors. RESULTS: The results revealed that individuals who recalled positive-valenced place memories exhibited a higher willingness to engage in cooperative behaviors. Additionally, this study reveals the previously unreported mediating role of place attachment and perceived self-interest in promoting cooperative behaviors. CONCLUSION: The findings hold significance in elucidating the relationship between place memory and cooperative behaviors, offering novel insights for community management.

"Support the strong" or "Help the weak?": The effects of social comparison and social distance on cooperative behavior in the dictator game.

Within an object-interdependent context, we conducted three experiments to investigate the influence of social comparisons on cooperative behavior, as well as to assess the mediating and moderating effects of related variables. In Experiment 1 (n = 207), we examined whether social comparisons impact cooperative behavior toward a comparator in a dictator game task. Here, we specifically focused on the mediating effects of evaluation of others' competence, along with three other potential mediators: self-competence evaluation, positive emotions, and negative emotions. Following the insights gained from Experiment 1, we proceeded to Experiments 2 (n = 279) and 3 (n = 298) to further explore whether social distance moderates the mediating effect of evaluation of others' competence. The results of all three experiments consistently indicated that upward (vs. non-) comparison facilitated cooperative behavior, whereas downward (vs. non-) comparison hindered it. Furthermore, our findings revealed that evaluation of others' competence served as a mediator between social comparison and cooperative behavior when the comparator (i.e., the cooperative partner) was perceived as being at a far-distance, whereas the mediating effect of evaluation of others' competence disappeared when social distance was close. These results reveal the pivotal role of evaluating others' competence and social distance in social interactions from the perspective of social comparison, which provides insights into how to promote cooperative behavior.

[Development of innovations for neighborhood care-Contribution of social innovation laboratories]. / Innovationsentwicklung für die Pflege im Quartier ­ Beitrag von sozialen Innovationslaboren.

The article demonstrates the contributions of the innovation program "D-Care Lab Baden-Württemberg 2023" to the development of innovative solutions for neighborhood care. The effects of the program are reconstructed on the basis of initial research findings pertaining to the innovation program. A distinctive aspect of the laboratory is its cross-sectoral collaborative structure. The levels of impact can be defined as follows: the acquisition of skills by the participants, the connection between skills acquisition and learning arrangement, the changes observed as a result of participation and the innovative solutions developed for care in the neighborhood. The initial results are presented in accordance with the theoretical research design and research methods previously outlined. The results demonstrate alterations in the competence profiles of the participants and the impact of the cooperative laboratory setting on the development of solutions. Based on these findings, the function of innovation programs becomes evident, thereby highlighting the necessity for mid-term to long-term impact analysis.

The Ripple Effect of Managerial Behavior: Exploring Post-experimental Impact of Leading by Example on Small Firms' Cooperation and Performance.

Cooperation between employees in a company is an important input to firm performance. This study examines how a manager's cooperative behavior and the visibility of this behavior affect the cooperation amongst employees, and subsequently firm performance. To do so, we conducted a field experiment with managers and their employees from 320 Vietnamese small and micro firms to determine the impact of a manager's leading by example (LBE) on employees' behavior, corporate culture, and firm performance. Both managers and employees participated in a Public Good experiment which aimed to elicit an individual cooperative behavior. Noteworthy is that the decision made by a manager in the experiment was given as an example to employees before they made decision in that same experiment. We considered that the example of cooperation by managers in the Public Good experiment communicated a powerful signal to the employees regarding the importance of fostering cooperation in the workplace. Such a signal by the manager, who is at the top in the organizational hierarchy, would impact their employees' behavior in the workplace and firm's outcomes beyond the experiment. Interestingly, we found that concealing a manager's identity from their employees enhances the impacts of LBE.

Herramientas digitales y aprendizaje cooperativo en docentes de educación inicial de Lima Metropolitana / Digital tools and cooperative learning in initial education teachers in Metropolitan Lima / Ferramentas digitais e aprendizagem cooperativa em professores de educação inicial em Lima Metropolitana

La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre el manejo de herramientas digitales y el aprendizaje cooperativo en docentes de Educación Inicial de Lima Metropolitana, 2023. El enfoque es cuantitativo de alcance descriptivo-correlacional, la muestra estuvo conformada por 230 docentes de Educación Inicial provenientes de 12 instituciones educativas. A este grupo se le aplicó dos cuestionarios: uno para medir las herramientas digitales y otro para el aprendizaje cooperativo: confiabilidad (0.98; 0,87). En función de los resultados, para las herramientas digitales se indicó que el 48.3% (111) se ubica en el nivel medio y el 40% (92) en el nivel alto; para el aprendizaje cooperativo, el 95.7% (220) se ubica en el nivel alto; además, el p-valor del coeficiente de relación fue rho= 0.024. El estudio concluyó que existe relación entre las herramientas digitales y el aprendizaje cooperativo en docentes de Educación Inicial en Lima Metropolitana.

The objective of the research was to determine the relationship between the management of digital tools and cooperative learning in Initial Education teachers of Metropolitan Lima, 2023. The approach is quantitative with a descriptive-correlational scope, the sample consisted of 230 Initial Education teachers from 12 educational institutions. Two questionnaires were applied to this group: one to measure digital tools and another for cooperative learning: reliability (0.98; 0.87). Based on the results, for digital tools it was indicated that 48.3% (111) are located at the medium level and 40% (92) at the high level; for cooperative learning, 95.7% (220) are located at the high level; In addition, the p-value of the relationship coefficient was rho= 0.024. The study concluded that there is a relationship between digital tools and cooperative learning in Initial Education teachers in Metropolitan Lima.

O objetivo da pesquisa foi determinar a relação entre o uso de ferramentas digitais e a aprendizagem cooperativa em professores da Educação Inicial da Região Metropolitana de Lima, 2023. A abordagem é quantitativa com escopo descritivo-correlacional, a amostra foi composta por 230 professores da Educação Inicial de 12 instituições de ensino. Foram aplicados dois questionários a esse grupo: um para mensurar ferramentas digitais e outro para aprendizagem cooperativa: confiabilidade (0,98; 0,87). Com base nos resultados, para as ferramentas digitais foi indicado que 48,3% (111) estão localizadas no nível médio e 40% (92) no nível alto; para a aprendizagem cooperativa, 95,7% (220) estão no nível alto; Além disso, o valor p do coeficiente de relacionamento foi rho= 0,024. O estudo concluiu que existe uma relação entre ferramentas digitais e aprendizagem cooperativa em professores de Educação Infantil na Região Metropolitana de Lima.

It takes two: examining the dynamic nature of cooperative behavior in adolescents.

Cooperating with those around us is an important facet of functioning in modern-day society. Forming successful cooperative relationships requires trust, reciprocity, and other interpersonal skills that continue to develop during adolescence. This study examined the dynamic nature of how trust is formed and broken among 248 adolescents (Males = 110, M Age = 15.1 years) throughout an iterative cooperative task (i.e., the Trust Game) and the interindividual differences that alter the success of their relationships. In our study, adolescents from the same classroom were anonymously paired and played a 10-trial version of the Trust Game, which examines trust and reciprocity. We found that trust is formed in the first half of the game and decreases as the threat of defection nears in the last trial. As the game progressed, the relationship between trial number and investments on the subsequent trial was mediated by percent return (ab = -0.09, 95% CI = [-0.15, -0.02]). Importantly, this relationship was moderated by social skills (p = 0.003) and impulsivity (p = 0.001), such that increases in either were associated with decreased percent return and investments on future trials. Overall, we found that cooperation is an adaptive behavior which requires trust and reciprocity, and adolescents need to exhibit both of these behaviors to have fruitful interactions. These findings suggest that interventions to help students think about their partner's perspective and stress the longer-term nature of interactions with peers would foster successful cooperation in social situations.

Cooperative behavior in adolescents: a contribution of empathy and emotional regulation?

Aim: This study aims to identify different levels of empathy and emotional regulation along adolescent years and their relationship with cooperative behavior. Methods: Eighty healthy males were divided into four age groups: 20 Early Adolescents, 20 Middle Adolescents, 20 Late Adolescents and 20 Adults. Participants responded to empathic and emotional regulation scales, then were assigned to an unknown partner to perform the prisoner's dilemma paradigm. Results: The statistical analyses allowed to distinguish the groups on the basis of the components making up the two scales: scores on the Perspective Taking component were higher for Adults and Late Adolescents participants than for Middle Adolescents and Early Adolescents groups (p < 0.05); scores on the Personal Distress component were higher for Early Adolescents group than for Late Adolescents and Middle Adolescents groups (p < 0.05); scores on the Difficulties engaging in goal directed behavior component were higher for Middle Adolescents and Early Adolescents groups than for Adults group (p < 0.05). We observed differences between groups (p < 0.001) with higher number of cooperation responses in Adults compared to Middle Adolescents (p < 0.05) and Early Adolescents groups (p < 0.001). Discussion: These findings suggest that the cooperative behavior changes during the different stages of adolescence seem to be related to the development of empathy and emotional regulation components.

Variance, norms and cooperative behavior in public goods games.

This study examines the relationship between the variance of others' contributions, social norms (empirical and normative expectations), and cooperative behavior using a classic linear public goods game. The following results are observed. First, the variance of a participant's group members' contributions had a negative impact on their contributions, empirical expectations, and normative expectations. Second, deviations from the mean, whether negative or positive, were deemed less socially appropriate. Third, while there was a strong relationship between variance, social norms, and cooperative behavior, the mediating effect of social norms was found to be insignificant. Finally, there were some notable findings regarding behavior type. Although free riders and cooperators exhibited distinct behavioral patterns, their normative expectations were similar. Free riders expected others to cooperate, but their empirical expectations were significantly lower than cooperators' expectations, which were aligned with their actual contributions. These findings contribute to research on the relationship between distribution heterogeneity, social norms and cooperative behavior. Furthermore, these findings provide valuable insights into management practices.

Pollen diet diversity across bee lineages varies with lifestyle rather than colony size.

The shift to a pollen diet and the evolution of more highly organized societies, i.e., eusocial, were key milestones in bee diversification over their evolutionary history, culminating in a high dependence on feeding broods with a large variety of floral resources. Here, we hypothesized that obligatory eusocial bees have a wider diet diversity than their relatives with solitary lifestyles, and this would be related to colony size. To test both hypotheses, we surveyed diet breadth data (palynological analysis) based on the Shannon-Wiener index (H') for 85 bee taxa. We also obtained colony size for 47 eusocial bee species. These data were examined using phylogenetic comparative methods. The results support the generalist strategy as a derived trait for the bee taxa evaluated here. The dietary diversity of eusocial bees (H': 2.1, on average) was 67.5% higher than that of noneusocial bees (H': 1.21, on average). There was, however, no relationship between diet breadth and colony size, indicating that smaller colonies can harvest a pollen variety as diverse as larger colonies. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the impact of lifestyle on the diversity of collected pollen. Furthermore, this work sheds light on an advantage of living in more highly structured societies irrespective of the size of the colony.

Confusion cannot explain cooperative behavior in public goods games.

Some scholars find that behavioral variation in the public goods game is explained by variations in participants' understanding of how to maximize payoff and that confusion leads to cooperation. Their findings lead them to question the common assumption in behavioral economics experiments that choices reflect motivations. We conduct two experiments, in which we minimize confusion by providing participants with increased training. We also introduce a question that specifically assesses participants' understanding of payoff maximization choices. Our experimental results show that the distribution of behavior types is significantly different when participants play with computers versus humans. A significant increase in contributions is also observed when participants play with humans compared to when they play with computers. Moreover, social norms may be the main motive for contributions when playing with computers. Our findings suggest that social preferences, rather than confusion, play a crucial role in determining contributions in public goods games when playing with humans. We therefore argue that the assumption in behavioral economics experiments that choices reveal motivations is indeed valid.

In-gallery social behaviors of the ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

The east Asian ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus (Blanford) was first detected in the United States in 1932. It now occurs across much of eastern North America and parts of the Pacific Northwest. It attacks a broad range of stressed, woody hosts including ornamental and orchard species. The foundress tunnels into the sapwood of hosts where it cultures a symbiotic fungus as food for its offspring. A few other ambrosia beetles have been shown to possess a facultatively eusocial structure among gallery members, but this has not been described for Xylosandrus spp. Using a novel artificial diet arena, we quantified the behaviors of X. germanus larvae and adults (foundress and mature offspring) over 10 wk inside their galleries. Foundresses were responsible for constructing the gallery. They also initially tended the fungal garden and brood but eventually spent most of their time blocking the gallery entrance. Larvae were mainly observed to feed, crawl, or be inactive within the gallery, regardless of the absence or presence of adult siblings. Adult female offspring were primarily inactive, likely due to dormancy. Adult male offspring actively crawled and attempted to mate with their sisters before eventually dispersing out of the gallery. Cooperative hygienic behaviors (removal of frass, cannibalism of dead nest mates, grooming siblings) were observed but a division of labor among offspring was not clear. Rather, foundress behaviors were mostly distinct from offspring behaviors, particularly as the gallery aged. Because no overlap in generations occurred, X. germanus displays a quasisocial structure.

Inter-brain neural mechanism and influencing factors underlying different cooperative behaviors: a hyperscanning study.

Cooperative behavior is a vital social interaction which plays a vital role in improving human survival and reproduction. However, few empirical studies have examined the differences between cooperative behaviors and the underlying neural substrates. In the present study, the brain activity of familiar dyads of the same sex was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy during three cooperative tasks (cooperative button-press, tangram, and Jenga tasks). We also measured the dyads' empathic abilities and personality traits to investigate the relationships between individual characteristics and neural markers. The results showed that first, there were significant differences in intra-brain activation and inter-brain synchronization among different cooperative tasks in three dimensions: social cognition, behavioral response, and cognitive processing. Second, male participants require stronger intra-brain activation to achieve the same inter-brain synchronization level as women in cooperative tasks. Third, when performing cooperative tasks involving high cognitive demands, Big Five Neuroticism may be an important predictor of neural activation in female participants. Inter-brain synchronization plays an important role in the frontal and temporoparietal junctions during interpersonal cooperation. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that mutual prediction theory is crucial for understanding the neural mechanisms of cooperative behavior.

Love thy neighbor? The role of trust in neighbors during the COVID-19 crisis.

During a pandemic, trust can either promote cooperative behavior, as people pay attention to their actions toward other people's health, or hinder cooperative behavior by decreasing risk perception. By linking South Korea's Community Health Survey data with district-level statistics of the number of confirmed cases, I examine the effect of trust during the pre-pandemic period on district-level infection rates. I find that trust in neighbors is negatively associated with infection rates during the period when people are well aware of social distancing measures. Results of the individual-level analysis demonstrate that trust in neighbors is positively associated with the probability of implementing social distancing measures, particularly, those that are difficult to enforce. This finding implies that trust in neighbors increases people's motivation to cooperate voluntarily with public precautionary measures that can reduce the probability of infection.

Empathy and cooperation vary with gender in Chinese junior high school adolescents.

Previous research on the relationship between empathy and subcategories of prosocial behavior, specifically cooperation, has shown inconsistent findings. It has also paid limited attention to gender differences in the impact of empathy. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between empathy and cooperation in Chinese junior high school adolescents, and the gender differences, through three studies. In Study 1, 448 eighth-grade adolescents (age = 12-15 years, 55.1% males) completed the Interpersonal Reactivity Index and Cooperative Propensity Rating Scale; the results showed that adolescent empathy was positively associated with cooperative propensity, and this association was significantly higher for males than for females. Study 2 used longitudinal data from 246 eighth-grade adolescents (age = 12-15 years, 54.5% males) to further support the positive association between empathy and cooperation propensity and the gender differences found in Study 1. Study 3 employed the public goods dilemma to examine the effects of empathic states on the cooperative behavior of 157 eighth-grade adolescents (age = 13-16 years, 48% males) by evoking empathy. Using different research methods, this study revealed a facilitative relationship between empathy and cooperation and demonstrated that empathy was more predictive of cooperation among male than among female adolescents.

Motivating public health emergency preparedness cooperative behaviors: based on the expectancy disconfirmation model.

PURPOSE: In this study, the expectancy disconfirmation model (EDM) was applied to explain the formation of public health emergency preparedness cooperative behavior (EPCB) as well as considering the roles of official media exposure and positive emotions. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The analysis was based on a sample of 374 respondents collected during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. A t-test was used to examine the differences in variables by sex, age and educational background. Hypothesis testing was conducted using structural equation modeling. Amos 24.0 and R 4.0.3 were used to analyze the data. FINDINGS: The results indicated that (1) official media exposure has a positive impact on expectations for and perceived performance of public services, as well as positive emotions; (2) the EDM can be used to explain public satisfaction with government public health services; and (3) public satisfaction and positive emotions have positive effects on EPCB; (4) EDM and positive emotions mediate the relationship between official media exposure and EPCB. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This study provides practical implications for increasing the EPCB from the perspective of risk communication.

Coordinating upper limbs for octave playing on the piano via neuro-musculoskeletal modeling.

Understanding the coordination of multiple biomechanical degrees of freedom in biological organisms is crucial for unraveling the neurophysiological control of sophisticated motor tasks. This study focuses on the cooperative behavior of upper-limb motor movements in the context of octave playing on the piano. While the vertebrate locomotor system has been extensively investigated, the coherence and precision timing of rhythmic movements in the upper-limb system remain incompletely understood. Inspired by the spinal cord neuronal circuits (central pattern generator, CPG), a computational neuro-musculoskeletal model is proposed to explore the coordination of upper-limb motor movements during octave playing across varying tempos and volumes. The proposed model incorporates a CPG-based nervous system, a physiologically-informed mechanical body, and a piano environment to mimic human joint coordination and expressiveness. The model integrates neural rhythm generation, spinal reflex circuits, and biomechanical muscle dynamics while considering piano playing quality and energy expenditure. Based on real-world human subject experiments, the model has been refined to study tempo transitions and volume control during piano playing. This computational approach offers insights into the neurophysiological basis of upper-limb motor coordination in piano playing and its relation to expressive features.

Kin term mimicry hypothesis.

Adaptive mimicry in animals is a well-known phenomenon. Here, we propose that a similarly adaptive strategy in humans is using kin terms for people who are not closely genetically related. Irrespective of the initiator attributing a kin term to a non-kin, we call this kin term mimicry (KTM). The emergence of human sociality and language allowed not only easy kin recognition, but also led to strong positive emotions related to such kin names as "mother," "father," "brother," "sister," "aunt" or "uncle." Although the phenomenon of using kin terms of genetically unrelated people is well known in the social sciences, here we discuss it in the light of evolution. We notice this is an evolutionary adaptive cooperation strategy, which allows us to predict in which ecological or social circumstances it will be more prevalent. We postulate specific testable factors that affect the prevalence of kin mimicry. We also discuss who is more likely to be an initiator of calling non-kin a fictive kin, and who benefits from such behavior. The KTM hypothesis postulates that an individual or social group initiating or bestowing kin terms usually receives more benefits (economic and/or psychological support) from such mimicry.

PET-Saúde interprofissionalidade: contribuições, barreiras e sustentabilidade da Educação Interprofissional / PET-Saúde interprofissionalidade and interprofessional education: contributions, barriers and sustainability / PET-Salud interprofesionalidad: contribuciones, barreras y sostenibilidad de la educación interprofesional

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar as contribuições e barreiras enfrentadas pelo Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde (PET-Saúde) Interprofissionalidade, bem como debater elementos necessários à sustentabilidade da Educação Interprofissional (EIP). Pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida em três unidades acadêmicas de uma instituição pública de ensino superior. Os dados foram coletados pelo Google Meet e analisados pela técnica da análise de conteúdo. Emergiram três categorias temáticas: contribuições do PET-Saúde Interprofissionalidade para a indução de mudanças na formação em Saúde, barreiras que afetaram seu desempenho e sustentabilidade da EIP. A análise indica que O PET-Saúde Interprofissionalidade foi uma experiência importante para pautar o debate da EIP nos cursos de graduação e nos serviços de Saúde. As experiências acumuladas nesse programa constituem um arcabouço que não pode ser desprezado e deverá ser lapidado para fundamentar estratégias sustentáveis que considerem a interprofissionalidade como abordagem na reorientação da formação e qualificação da atenção à saúde.(AU)

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the contributions of and barriers faced by the Education through Work for Health Program-Interprofessional Collaboration Program (PET-Saúde Interprofissionalidade) and debate key elements for the sustainability of interprofessional education (IPE). We conducted a qualitative study in three academic units of a public higher education institution. The data were collected via Google Meet and analyzed using content analysis. Three categories emerged during the analysis: contributions of the PET-Saúde Interprofissionalidade to the induction of changes in health training, barriers affecting performance, and sustainability of IPE. The findings indicate that the PET-Saúde Interprofissionalidade made important contributions to pushing forward the debate about IPE in undergraduate degrees and health services. The experiences accumulated during the program provide a framework whose potential should not be underestimated and should be refined to lay the foundation for sustainable strategies that incorporate interprofessional collaboration as an approach to reorienting health training.(AU)

Resumen El objetivo fue analizar las contribuciones y barreras enfrentadas por PET-Salud Interprofesionalidad, así como discutir elementos necesarios para la sostenibilidad de la Educación Interprofesional (EIP). Investigación cualitativa desarrollada en tres unidades académicas de una institución pública de enseñanza superior. Los datos fueron colectados por Google meet y analizados por la técnica de análisis de contenido. Surgieron tres categorías temáticas: contribuciones de PET-Salud Interprofesionalidad para la inducción de cambios en la formación en salud, barreras que afectaron su desarrollo y sostenibilidad de EIP. El análisis indica que PET-Salud Interprofesionalidad fue una experiencia importante para regir el debate de EIP en los cursos de graduación y en los servicios de salud. Las experiencias acumuladas en ese programa constituyen una estructura que no puede despreciarse y que deberá perfeccionarse para servir de base a estrategias sostenibles que consideren la interprofesionalidad como un abordaje en la reorientación de la formación y calificación de la atención de la salud.(AU)

[Development of Nursing Clinical Judgment Scale].

PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop a nursing clinical judgment scale (NCJS) and verify its validity and reliability in assessing the clinical judgment of nurses. METHODS: A preliminary instrument of the NCJS comprising 38 items was first developed from attributes and indicators derived from a literature review and an in-depth/focus interview with 12 clinical nurses. The preliminary tool was finalized after 7 experts conducted a content validity test based on a data from a preliminary survey of 30 hospital nurses in Korea. Data were collected from 443 ward, intensive care unit, emergency room nurses who voluntarily participated in the survey through offline and online for the verification of the construct validity and reliability of the scale. RESULTS: The final scale comprised 23 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Six factors- integrated data analysis, evaluation and reflection on interventions, evidence on interventions, collaboration among health professionals, patient-centered nursing, and collaboration among nurse colleagues - accounted for 64.9% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the fit of the measurement model, comprising six factors (root mean square error of approximation = .07, standardized root mean square residual = .04, comparative fit index = .90). Cronbach's α for all the items was .92. CONCLUSION: The NCJS is a valid and reliable tool that fully reflects the characteristics of clinical practice, and it can be used effectively to evaluate the clinical judgment of Korean nurses. Future research should reflect the variables influencing clinical judgment and develop an action plan to improve it.

Influencia de los tipos de agrupamiento en la competencia social de futuros docentes de educación física al implementar el aprendizaje cooperativo / Influência dos tipos de agrupamento na competência social dos futuros professores educação física na implementação da aprendizagem cooperativa / Influence of the types of grouping on the social competence of future physical education teachers when implementing cooperative learning

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue comprobar la incidencia del aprendizaje cooperativo (AC) en la competencia social en función de los tipos de agrupamiento del alumnado. Participaron 53 estudiantes de tercer curso del Grado de Magisterio Educación Primaria de la mención de Educación Física (EF). Se utilizó un diseño cuasi-experimental donde se implementó una intervención durante cuatro meses con medidas pre-test y post-test a través de un cuestionario sociométrico. El tratamiento de datos se realizó mediante el software Sociomet. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los seminarios que han utilizado agrupamientos libres y heterogéneos han obtenidos mejores puntuaciones de percepción de competencia social que el seminario organizado en subgrupos homogéneos. Así pues, se considera que el criterio de homogeneidad debe ser descartado a la hora de implementar el AC en EF. (AU)

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a incidência da aprendizagem cooperativa (LC) na competência social em função dos tipos de agrupamento de alunos. Participaram 53 alunos do terceiro ano do Ensino Fundamental da Licenciatura da menção à Educação Física (EF). Foi utilizado um desenho quase experimental onde foi implementada uma intervenção durante quatro meses com medidas pré-teste e pós-teste através de um questionário sociométrico. O processamento dos dados foi realizado por meio do software Sociomet. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os seminários que utilizaram agrupamentos livres e heterogêneos obtiveram melhores pontuações para a percepção de competência social do que o seminário organizado em subgrupos homogêneos. Assim, considera-se que o critério de homogeneidade deve ser descartado na implementação da AC em EF. (AU)

Abstract The objective of this research was to verify the incidence of cooperative learning (CL) in social competence depending on the types of grouping of students. Fifty-three (53) third-year students of the Primary Education Teaching Degree participated with the mention of Physical Education (PE). A quasi-experimental design was used where intervention was implemented for four months with pre-test and post-test measures through a sociometric questionnaire. Data processing was performed using Sociomet software. The results obtained indicate that the seminars that have used free and heterogeneous groupings have obtained better scores for the perception of social competence than the seminar organized in homogeneous subgroups. Thus, it is considered that the homogeneity criterion should be discarded when implementing CA in PE. (AU)