Relato de caso de lombalgia inflamatória com extenso comprometimento anatômico-funcional: a importância de uma adequada abordagem da dor lombar na Atenção Primária à Saúde / Case report of inflammatory low back pain with extensive anatomical-functional impairment: The importance of an adequate approach to low back pain in Primary Care / Presentación de un caso de lumbalgia inflamatoria con afectación anatómico-funcional extensa: La importancia de un abordaje adecuado de la lumbalgia en Atención Primaria de Salud

Introdução: A lombalgia é uma condição prevalente e que apresenta importante impacto na capacidade funcional e na qualidade de vida, sendo a sua correta abordagem na Atenção Primária à Saúde fundamental para a identificação e o estabelecimento de um diagnóstico etiológico precoce de possíveis patologias que possam estar relacionadas a desfechos mórbidos e a graves limitações funcionais. Apresentação do caso: Paciente de 56 anos, sexo masculino, hipertenso, foi encaminhado para serviço especializado de reumatologia com histórico de lombalgia havia mais de 20 anos. Ao exame físico foi constatada presença de deformidades da coluna vertebral e extensa limitação de movimentos. Exames radiográficos mostravam esclerose de articulações sacroilíacas, osteopenia difusa e coluna vertebral em aspecto de "bambu". Conclusões: Constata-se a importância de que na abordagem das lombalgias na atenção primária se busque o reconhecimento de possíveis etiologias graves e potencialmente incapacitantes que possam estar subjacentes à queixa de dor lombar. Com esse objetivo, é fundamental o reconhecimento das chamadas red flags relacionadas às lombalgias, além de sua caracterização como mecânica ou inflamatória. Perante a atuação da atenção primária no oferecimento de um cuidado pautado na integralidade e na prevenção de agravos, reafirma-se a importância de uma avaliação clínica pormenorizada das lombalgias nesse nível de atenção à saúde.

Introduction: Low back pain is a prevalent condition that has an important impact on functional capacity and quality of life, and its correct approach in Primary Care is fundamental to the identification and establishment of an early etiological diagnosis of possible pathologies that may be related to outcomes morbid conditions and serious functional limitations. Case presentation: 56-year-old male patient, hypertensive, referred to a specialized rheumatology service with a history of low back pain for over 20 years. Physical examination revealed the presence of spinal deformities and extensive movement limitations. Radiographic examinations showing sclerosis of the sacro-iliac joints, diffuse osteopenia and a "bamboo" appearance of the spine. Conclusions: It is important that in the approach of low back pain in Primary Care, we seek to recognize possible serious and potentially disabling etiologies that may underlie the complaint of low back pain. For that, it is essential to recognize the so-called "red flags" related to low back pain, in addition to its characterization as mechanical or inflammatory. Given the role of Primary Care in offering care based on integrality and in the prevention of injuries, the importance of a detailed clinical assessment of low back pain at this level of health care is reaffirmed.

Introducción: La lumbalgia es una patología prevalente que tiene un impacto importante en la capacidad funcional y la calidad de vida, y su correcto abordaje en Atención Primaria de Salud es fundamental para la identificación y establecimiento de un diagnóstico etiológico precoz de posibles patologías que puedan estar relacionadas con los resultados, condiciones morbosas y limitaciones funcionales graves. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino de 56 años, hipertenso, remitido a servicio especializado de reumatología con antecedentes de dolor lumbar de más de 20 años. El examen físico reveló la presencia de deformidades de la columna y amplias limitaciones de movimiento. Los exámenes radiológicos muestran esclerosis de las articulaciones sacroilíacas, osteopenia difusa y una apariencia de "bambú" de la columna. Conclusiones: Es importante que al abordar la lumbalgia en Atención Primaria de Salud busquemos reconocer las posibles etiologías graves y potencialmente incapacitantes que pueden subyacer a la queja de lumbalgia. Con este objetivo, es fundamental reconocer las llamadas "banderas rojas" relacionadas con la lumbalgia, además de su caracterización como mecánica o inflamatoria. Dado el papel de Atención Primaria de Salud a la hora de ofrecer una atención basada en la integralidad y prevención de enfermedades, se reafirma la importancia de una evaluación clínica detallada de la lumbalgia en este nivel de atención sanitaria.

Grief on pain and quality of life in combat veterans with PTSD.

Background: Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder (PCBD) comprises a set of grief symptoms that are often linked to other psychological conditions such as PTSD and depression, may be prevalent in Veterans with combat experience, and may also impact general health.Objective: This study investigated the association between grief and sleep, pain, PTSD, and depression, among Veterans participating in a clinical trial for PCBD treatment.Method: Data from 155 Veterans receiving treatments for PCBD were analysed to explore the association between PCBD and symptoms of sleep pain, PTSD, and depression. Veterans experiencing grief reported symptoms related to physical health, emotional problems, energy, and fatigue, emotional well-being, social functioning, presence of pain, and general health. PCBD appeared to have a specific association with pain and physical functioning, independent of other variables.Conclusions: This study examined the potential independent association of PCBD on physical and mental health in Veterans with PTSD. PCBD appeared to have a very specific and significant association with pain and physical functioning. In other words, the pain of grief was related to ratings of physical pain. Future research on PCBD should address the potentially bidirectional association with bodily pain, particularly chronic pain, in relation to loss, with specific attention to potential mechanisms underlying this relationship.

This study explored the distinct relationship of PCBD on aspects of physical, as well as mental health among Veterans with Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder (PCBD).Findings underscore the importance of addressing comorbid conditions of PCBD, such as PTSD, emphasising the need for tailored approaches that consider this intricate interaction between grief and other mental health and even physical health conditions.This study calls for further research into the mechanisms underlying the relationship between PCBD and bodily pain and physical functioning as the most affected areas associated with PCBD.

Neural processing of audiovisual and painful analogue trauma and its relationship with subsequent audiovisual and pain intrusions.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder and medically unexplained pain frequently co-occur. While pain is common during traumatic events, the processing of pain during trauma and its relation to audiovisual and pain intrusions is poorly understood.Objective: Here we investigate neural activations during painful analogue trauma, focusing on areas that have been related to threat and pain processing, and how they predict intrusion formation. We also examine the moderating role of cumulative lifetime adversity.Methods: Sixty-five healthy women were assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging. An analogue trauma was induced by an adaptation of the trauma-film paradigm extended by painful electrical stimulation in a 2 (film: aversive, neutral) x 2 (pain: pain, no-pain) design, followed by 7-day audiovisual and pain intrusion assessment using event-based ecological momentary assessment. Intrusions were fitted with Bayesian multilevel regression and a hurdle lognormal distribution.Results: Conjunction analysis confirmed a wide network including anterior insula (AI) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) being active both, during aversive films and pain. Pain resulted in activation in areas amongst posterior insula and deactivation in a network around ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). Higher AI and dACC activity during aversive>neutral film predicted greater audiovisual intrusion probability over time and predicted greater audiovisual intrusion frequency particularly for participants with high lifetime adversity. Lower AI, dACC, hippocampus, and VMPFC activity during pain>no-pain predicted greater pain intrusion probability particularly for participants with high lifetime adversity. Weak regulatory VMPFC activation was associated with both increased audiovisual and pain intrusion frequency.Conclusions: Enhanced AI and dACC processing during aversive films, poor pain vs. no-pain discrimination in AI and dACC, as well as weak regulatory VMPFC processing may be driving factors for intrusion formation, particularly in combination with high lifetime adversity. Results shed light on a potential path for the etiology of PTSD and medically unexplained pain.

AI and dACC play a common role for both trauma- and pain-processing.In combination with high lifetime adversity, higher AI and dACC aversive film processing was associated with higher audiovisual intrusion frequency, whereas weaker AI and dACC pain discrimination enhanced the chance for pain intrusions.Weak regulatory VMPFC activity in aversive situations increased both audiovisual and pain intrusion formation.

Síndrome de la costilla deslizante en la edad pediátrica. Serie de casos / Slipping rib syndrome in childhood. A case series

Entre las causas de dolor torácico, la costilla deslizante presenta baja prevalencia, antecedentes traumáticos y manejo controvertido. Este síndrome merece ser incluido en el diagnóstico diferencial de causas de dolor torácico en niños. Al no asociarse a traumatismos previos y la deformidad de cartílagos, nos induce a pensar en una alteración en el desarrollo costal, al margen de la etiología traumática típica en adultos. Se presenta una serie de pacientes pediátricos intervenidos por costilla deslizante en un centro de referencia entre 2001 y 2022. Se incluyeron nueve pacientes, con un rango de edades de 11 a 16 años. Solo dos casos describen traumatismo previo. Todos presentan un inicio súbito de dolor toracoabdominal intenso. Los pacientes fueron intervenidos mediante resección abierta de cartílagos costales afectos, con resolución del dolor.

Among the causes of chest pain, slipping rib has a low prevalence, usually with a history of trauma, and its management is controversial. Slipping rib syndrome should be included in the differential diagnosis of causes of chest pain in children. When not associated with previous trauma and cartilage deformity, it is necessary to consider an alteration in rib development, regardless of the typical traumatic etiology in adults. Here we describe a series of pediatric patients with slipping rib seen at a referral hospital between 2001 and 2022. Nine patients aged 11 to 16 years were included. Only 2 had a history of trauma. All patients described a sudden onset of severe thoracic abdominal pain. The patients underwent open resection of the affected costal cartilages, with resolution of pain.

Hiperostosis cortical congénita: una causa infrecuente de llanto inconsolable del lactante. Presentación de caso clínico / Congenital cortical hyperostosis: a rare cause of inconsolable crying in a baby. Clinical case report

Se presenta el caso de un lactante de 2 meses que fue llevado a consulta varias veces por llanto problemático, inicialmente interpretado como de causa gastrointestinal. Dado que el síntoma persistía, se sospechó de una fractura debido a su asociación con la movilización de los miembros y la palpación de una tumoración en la cara anterior de la tibia derecha. Las radiografías mostraron compromiso poliostótico diafisario y lesiones compatibles con compromiso cortical de huesos largos. Se realizó el diagnóstico operativo de síndrome de Caffey-De Toni-Silverman y se inició el tratamiento con antiinflamatorios no esteroideos, lo que resultó en una remisión sintomática. Posteriormente, se confirmó el diagnóstico mediante la identificación de la variante patogénica COL1A1 en estado heterocigota. Se trata de una patología rara de la cual se estima una incidencia de 48/100 000 y hay menos de 150 casos descritos al momento.

Here we describe the case of a 2-month-old infant who consulted several times due to excessive crying, initially interpreted as having a gastrointestinal cause. Since the symptom persisted, a fracture was suspected due to its association with mobilization of the limbs and palpation of a mass on the anterior aspect of the right tibia. X-rays showed diaphyseal polyostotic involvement and lesions compatible with cortical involvement of long bones. Caffey-De Toni-Silverman syndrome was diagnosed and treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was initiated, resulting in symptom remission. Subsequently, the diagnosis was confirmed by the identification of the pathogenic heterozygous variant COL1A1. This is a rare condition with an estimated incidence of 48/100 000 individuals, and less than 150 cases have been described to date.

Epidemiologia, clínica y evolución en pacientes con endometriosis / Epidemiology, clinic and evolution in patients with endometriosis

Objetivo: Estudiar la relación que existe entre algunos factores predisponente a desarrollar endometriosis y síntomas más frecuentes que manifiestan las pacientes. Métodos: Estudio observacional longitudinal, retrospectivo y descriptivo, mediante la revisión de 455 historias tomadas 560 pacientes que acudieron a la consulta de endometriosis y realizando diagnóstico definitivo en el Hospital Universitario "Dr. Ángel Larralde" y consulta privada, en Venezuela, estado Carabobo, en el periodo de enero 2006 a mayo 2023. Resultados: El diagnóstico se realizó en un 47,1 % de las pacientes con edades entre 26 a 35 años. La menarquia se presentó entre los 8 y los 12 años (el 69 %). El 63 % no tenía embarazos. La dismenorrea primaria fue más frecuente en el 63,07 %. El dolor pélvico y dispareunia en el 48 %, los síntomas digestivos en el 21 %. La localización más frecuente fue en ovario (78,7 %). Conclusión: La endometriosis, enfermedad inflamatoria benigna, estrógeno dependiente, se caracteriza por presencia de glándulas y estroma endometrial ectópico, usualmente acompañados de fibrosis. Se manifiesta en el periodo reproductivo, su principal síntoma es el dolor. Se localiza con mayor frecuencia en la pelvis y de esta en los ovarios, en intestino, vejiga, hígado, pulmones, cerebro, pared abdominal y periné. No hay tratamiento para su cura, pero si para los síntomas y retardar su progreso. Su diagnóstico por su desarrollo multifactorial y manifestaciones clínicas en muchas oportunidades se realiza en forma tardía(AU)

Objective: To study the relationship that exists between some predisposing factors to develop endometriosis and the most frequent symptoms manifested by patients. Methods: Longitudinal, retrospective and descriptive observational study, through the review of 455 records taken from 560 patients who attended the endometriosis consultation and made a definitive diagnosis at the "Dr. Ángel Larralde" and private consultation, in Venezuela, Carabobo state, in the period from January 2006 to May 2023. Results: The diagnosis was made in 47.1% of the patients aged between 26 and 35 years. Menarche occurred between 8 and 12 years of age (69%). 63% did not have pregnancies. Primary dysmenorrhea was more frequent in 63.07%. Pelvic pain and dyspareunia in 48%, digestive symptoms in 21%. The most frequent location was in the ovary (78.7%). Conclusion: Endometriosis, a benign, estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease, is characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial glands and stroma, usually accompanied by fibrosis. It manifests itself in the reproductive period, its main symptom is pain. It is located most frequently in the pelvis and from this in the ovaries, intestine, bladder, liver, lungs, brain, abdominal wall and perineum. There is no treatment to cure it, but there is treatment for the symptoms and slowing its progress. Its diagnosis due to its multifactorial development and clinical manifestations is often made late(AU)

Tratamento sintomático (blindagem do esmalte) em paciente com hipersensibilidade dentinária seguido de clareamento dentário: relato de caso / Symptomatic treatment (enamel shielding) in a patient with dentin hypersensitivity followed by tooth bleaching: acase report / Tratamiento sintomático (blindaje del esmalte) en un paciente con hipersensibilidad dentinaria seguido de blanqueamiento dental: informe de un caso

Introdução:A hipersensibilidade é uma doença que acomete grande parte da população que, por muitas vezes, também almejam uma melhor estética dos dentes através do clareamento e não alcançam seu objetivo devido sua condição sintomática.Objetivo:Verificar se uma paciente com hipersensibilidade dentinária e trincas no esmalte, ficaria sem dor após realização da blindagem do esmaltecom agentes dessensibilizantes de ação neural e oclusiva em sessão única e, ainda, se continuaria sem dor após o clareamento de consultório utilizando o peróxido de carbamida a 37%. Relato de caso:Paciente do sexo feminino, 31 anos, apresentava todos os elementos dentários com alta translucidez, muitas trincas e desgaste dental erosivo restrito à ponta de cúspide nos elementos 36 e 46. Após estes achados e associado àhistória clínica relatada de alta sensibilidade na dieta principalmente gelada, fechou-se o diagnóstico de um caso de hipersensibilidade dentinária. Foi realizado um procedimento dessensibilizante, em sessão única, com agentes de ação neural e oclusiva e, sequencialmente, clareamento dentário de consultório. A paciente relatou eliminação da sensibilidade com o tratamento dessensibilizante (blindagem do esmalte), o que levou àconcordância da paciente em realizar o clareamento com produto àbase de peróxido de carbamida a 37% que promete ausência de dor. Conclusões:o protocolo dessensibilizante utilizado cumpriu seu papel no quesito eliminação da dor com retorno da paciente às atividades diárias antes impossibilitadas (como ingerir bebidas geladas) e propiciou a realização de clareamento dentário sem dor, porém sem muito sucesso na mudança de cor alcançada (AU).

Introduction:Hypersensitivity is a disease that affects a large part of the population who, very often, also seek to improve the esthetics of their teeth through tooth bleaching and fail to achieve their goal due to their symptomatic condition.Objective:To ascertain whether a patient with dentin hypersensitivity and cracked enamel would be pain-free after enamel shielding with neuraland occlusive desensitizing agents in a single session, and whether she would continue to be pain-free after in-office tooth bleaching using 37% carbamide peroxide. Case report:A 31-year-old female patient who showcased high translucency in all dental elements, with many cracks and erosive tooth wear restricted to the cusp tips of elements 36 and 46. Following these findings and in association with the reported clinical history of high sensitivity, especially to cold diets, a diagnosis of dentin hypersensitivity was made. A single-session desensitizing procedure was carried out with neural and occlusive agents, and subsequently followed by in-office tooth bleaching. The patient reported the elimination of sensitivity with the desensitizing treatment (enamel shielding), which led to the patient agreeing to undergo teeth bleaching with a 37% carbamide peroxide-based product that guarantees no pain. Conclusions:The desensitizing protocol utilized fulfilled its role in terms of eliminating pain, with the patient returning to daily activities that had previously been impossible (such as drinking cold beverages) and allowing pain-free tooth bleaching to be carried out, but without much success in the color change achieved (AU).

Introducción: La hipersensibilidad es una enfermedad que afecta a gran parte de la población la cual, muchas veces, también pretende mejorar la estética de sus dientes a través del blanqueamiento y no alcanza su objetivo debido a su condición sintomática.Objetivo: Comprobar si una paciente con hipersensibilidad de la dentina y grietas en el esmalte estaría libre de dolor tras el blindaje del esmalte con agentes desensibilizantes neurales y oclusivos en una sola sesión, y, además, si seguiría estando libre de dolor tras el blanqueamiento dental en clínica utilizando peróxido de carbamida al 37%.Informe de caso: Una paciente de 31 años presentaba todos los elementos dentales con alta translucidez, con muchas grietas y desgaste dental erosivo restringido a las puntas de las cúspides de los elementos 36 y 46.Tras estos hallazgos y junto a la historia clínica descrita de alta sensibilidad especialmentefrente a una dieta fría, se realizó un diagnóstico de hipersensibilidad dentinaria. Se llevó a cabo un procedimiento de desensibilización en una sola sesión, con agentes neurales y oclusivos, seguido de un blanqueamiento dental clínico. La paciente declaró la eliminación de la sensibilidad con el tratamiento desensibilizante (blindaje del esmalte), lo que la llevó a aceptar el blanqueamiento con un producto a base de peróxido de carbamida al 37% que promete ser indoloro. Conclusiones: El protocolo de desensibilización utilizado cumplió su función en cuanto a la eliminación del dolor, permitiendo que la paciente volviera a realizar actividades cotidianas que antes le resultaban imposibles (como tomar bebidas frías) y permitiendo realizar el blanqueamiento dental sin dolor, pero sin mucho éxito en el cambio de color conseguido (AU).

Estudo das diferentes formas de tratamento para disfunções temporomandibulares / Study of different treatment modalities for Temporomandibular Disorders / Estudio de diferentes formas de tratamiento para Trastornos Temporomandibulares

Introdução:Disfunções temporomandibularessão um termo coletivopara uma série de sinais e sintomas clínicos que envolvem os músculos mastigatórios, a articulação temporomandibular e estruturas associadas. O tratamento de pacientes deverá envolver uma equipe multidisciplinareparaquehajauma intervenção eficaz notratamento da disfunção é necessário que os profissionais envolvidos atuem emconjuntoetenhamplenoconhecimento das funções estomatognáticas.Objetivo:revisar aliteratura sobreas formas terapêuticas das disfunções temporomandibulares e sua eficácia.Metodologia:Trata-se de um estudosobre o panorama atual das terapêuticas utilizadas para o tratamento de disfunções temporomandibulares.Para compor o presente trabalho foi consultado o banco de dados da PubMed utilizando as palavras-chave "temporomandibular disorder" e "therapy" associados ao operador booleano AND. Os critérios de inclusão foram os artigos publicados, limitando-se ao período de 2020 a 2024 no idioma inglês. A busca computou um total de 545 artigos, dos quais foram excluídos os artigos que desviavam do tema proposto, artigos que abordavam técnicas com pouco embasamento científico e os artigos que não estavam disponíveis por completo.Resultados:os achados na literatura corroboram com a escolhaem primeiro plano de um tratamentoconservador, reversível e não invasivo. Dentre as opções destacam-se orientações de autocuidado, confecção de placa oclusal, terapias manuais, exercícios musculares, biofeedback e manejo farmacológico em casos de sintomas somáticos. A toxina botulínica tem sido sugerida para tratamento em casos de disfunções temporomandibularesmusculares, no entanto, com baixa evidência científicaquanto aos efeitos adversos. Técnicas cirúrgicas são indicadas em casos de não resolução com terapias conservadoras.Conclusões:Apesar dagrande diversidade nos protocolos,o tratamento conservador demonstra resolução do problema na maioria dos casos de disfunções temporomandibularese aquelestratamentos que combinam várias técnicasevidenciam melhores resultados do que tratamentos isolados (AU).

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders are a collectiveterm for a range of clinical signs and symptoms involving the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint, and associated structures. Treating patients with disorder temporomandibularshould involve a multidisciplinary team, and for effective intervention in dysfunction treatment, it is necessary for the involved professionals to work together and have a comprehensive understanding of stomatognathic functions. Objective: review the literature on therapeutic modalities for temporomandibular disorders and their effectiveness. Methodology:This is a study on the current landscape of therapies used for the treatment of temporomandibular disorders. To compose this work, the PubMed database was consulted using the keywords "temporomandibular disorder" and "therapy" associated with the boolean operator AND. Inclusion criteria were articles published in English from 2020 to 2024. The search yielded a total of 545 articles, from which articles deviating from the proposed theme, articles discussing techniques with little scientific basis, and articles not fully available were excluded. Results:Literature findings support the prioritization of conservative, reversible, and non-invasive treatment. Among the options, self-care guidance, occlusal splint fabrication, manual therapies, muscle exercises, biofeedback, and pharmacological management for somatic symptoms stand out. Botulinum toxin has been suggested for treatment in cases of muscular disordertemporomandibular, however, with low scientific evidence regarding adverse effects. Surgical techniques are indicated in cases where conservative therapies fail to resolve the issue. Conclusions:Despite the diversity in protocols, conservative treatment demonstrates resolution of the problem in most cases of disorder temporomandibular,and treatments combining multiple techniques show better results than isolated treatments (AU).

Introducción:Las disfunciones temporomandibulares son un término colectivopara una serie de signos y síntomas clínicos que afectan a los músculos masticatorios, la articulación temporomandibular y estructuras asociadas. El tratamiento de pacientes con disfunciones temporomandibularesdebe involucrar a un equipo multidisciplinario para una intervención efectiva, requiriendo que los profesionales actúen conjuntamente y conozcan bien las funciones estomatognáticas. Objetivo:revisar la literatura sobre las terapias paradisfunciones temporomandibularesy su eficacia. Metodología:Estudio comparativo de las terapias actuales para disfunciones temporomandibulares, utilizando la base de datos PubMed con las palabrasclaves "temporomandibular disorder" y "therapy" y el operador booleano AND, limitado a 2020-2024 en inglés. La búsqueda obtuvo un total de 545 artículos de los cuales fueron excluidos los que no abordaban el tema propuesto. Resultados:Los hallazgos respaldan un tratamiento conservador, reversible y no invasivo, destacando el autocuidado, placas oclusales, terapias manuales, ejercicios, biofeedback y manejo farmacológico. La toxina botulínica se sugiere para disfunciones temporomandibulares musculares, pero con poca evidencia científica de sus efectos adversos. Las técnicas quirúrgicas se reservan para casos sin resolución.Conclusiones: A pesar de la diversidad de protocolos, el tratamiento conservador resolveula mayoría de los casos de disfunciones temporomandibulares, y los tratamientos combinados muestran mejores resultados que los aislados (AU).

Strategy for the management of acute postoperative pain in day surgery centres in Spain. DUCMA 2.0. project.

INTRODUCTION: Adequate treatment of acute postoperative pain is one of the quality requirements in ambulatory surgery and its suboptimal management is associated with delayed discharge, unplanned admissions and late admissions after home discharge. The aim of the present study was to learn about the organizational strategy for the management of postoperative pain in ambulatory surgery units (ASU) in Spain. METHODS: A cross-sectional, multicenter study was carried out based on an electronic survey on aspects related to the management of acute postoperative pain in different ASUs in our country. RESULTS: We recruited 133 ASUs of which 85 responded to the questions on the management of postoperative pain. Of the ASUs that responded, 80% had specific protocols for pain management and 37.6% provided preoperative information on the analgesic plan. The assessment of postoperative pain is carried out in 88.2% of the ASUs in the facility and only 56.5% at home. All ASUs use multimodal analgesia protocols; however, 68.2% report the use of opioids for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Home invasive analgesia strategies are minimally used by the surveyed ASUs. CONCLUSIONS: The DUCMA study highlights that the practice of pain treatment in day surgery remains a challenge in our country and is not always in agreement with national guidelines. The results suggest the need to establish strategies to improve clinical practice and homogenize pain management in ambulatory surgery.

A pain in the pocket: Prevalence of pocket pain in patients with implantation of neuromodulation systems: A retrospective study.

INTRODUCTION: Implantable pulse generator (IPG) is a neurostimulation therapy mediated by electrodes and surgically implanted in a subcutaneous "pocket" used for the control of numerous pathologies. This study examines both the prevalence of pain associated with IPG implantation ("pain pocket syndrome") and its associated characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 56 patients with an IPG were included in the study. A health questionnaire was conducted to determine the presence of pain associated with the pocket and its neuropathic characteristics, as well as associated aesthetic concerns, location, situations that accentuate or alleviate pain, medications used for baseline and pocket pain control and other factors associated. RESULTS: Pain in the area of implantation of the IPG had a prevalence of 52.6% of patients (n = 27), in our sample, with a mean score on the visual analogic scale (VAS) of 4.9 points [3.9-5.8 points], with neuropathic characteristics in 53.3% (n = 16) of the patients with pain, with differences between the mean VAS score of the female (5.5 [4.3-5.8 points]) and males (3.5 points [2.1-4.9 points]) (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Pocket pain is a condition with a higher prevalence than described in previous studies, being of a higher intensity in females, involving a moderate pain in the area of implantation of the neuromodulating therapy. This pain has neuropathic characteristics and could require a repositioning intervention. Hence, more studies in this field should be carried to detect and prevent this syndrome.

Radiofrequency of suprascapular nerve as an analgesic strategy for chronic pain management. Systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic shoulder pain is highly prevalent in the general population. Many different analgesic strategies have been described, including radiofrequency treatment to the suprascapular nerve (RFS); however, the effectiveness this approach remains unclear, and no strong recommendation can be made. The aim of this systematic review is to analyse the latest clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of RFS techniques applied to the suprascapular nerve in terms of management of chronic shoulder pain, post-procedural functionality, and adverse effects. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of clinical trials retrieved from Medline, Embase and the CENTRAL databases. We included trials comparing RFS with other strategies, including placebo, that had as their primary outcome measures pain rated on a visual analogue scale, functionality rated on a shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI), and the incidence of adverse events. Risk of bias was analysed using the Cochrane RoB2 tool. Evidence was analysed using a random effects model and heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 test. RESULTS: We identified 3030 trials, of which 8 met the inclusion criteria (n = 408). Seven had a high risk of bias. Pain intensity at 1 and 3 months was lower in patients receiving RFS, with a standardised mean difference (SMD) of -0.9 (95% CI [-1.1, 0.33], p = 0.29; I2 88%, p < 0.001) and -1.17 (95% CI [-2.49, 0.14], p = 0.08; I2 97%, p < 0.001), respectively. Functional compromise at 1 and 3 months decreased in patients receiving RFS, with an SMD of -0.31 (95% CI [-0.91, 0.29], p = 0.31; I2 80%, p < 0.001) and -1.54 (95% CI [-3.26, 0.19], p = 0.08; I2 98%, p < 0.001), respectively. No RFS-related adverse events were described. CONCLUSION: The evidence suggests that RFS reduces pain and improves functionality. However, the certainty of the evidence is low.

Implications of opioid-sparing medications in critically ill patients: A scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this scoping review was to evaluate literature involving opioid-sparing medications in critically ill patients with a focus on clinically meaningful outcomes. DESIGN: Scoping review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. SETTING: Intensive care unit. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS: Adult patients in an intensive care unit setting. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched from October 1, 2019 to June 1, 2023. Inclusion criteria consisted of randomized controlled trials evaluating adjunctive analgesic use in adult patients in an intensive care unit setting. RESULTS: There were 343 citations and titles identified in the initial search, with 328 remaining after removal of duplicates, 294 excluded at title and abstract screening, 34 available for full text review, and six included in the scoping review. Most studies reported modest reductions in opioid use as a secondary endpoint. Improvement in clinical outcomes such as reduction in duration of mechanical ventilation or delirium were reported in two trials with dexmedetomidine. CONCLUSIONS: In recently published trials of adjunctive agents in critically ill patients, opioid-sparing effects were small. Data to support improvements in clinical outcomes remains limited.

(Preoperative instillation of epinephrine and lidocaine may reduce the surgical time of endoscopic treatment of GTPS.). / La instilación preoperatoria de epinefrina y lidocaína puede reducir el tiempo quirúrgico del tratamiento endoscópico de SDTM.

INTRODUCTION: Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome (GTPS) is a multifactorial clinical condition affecting the lateral area of the hip. Although conservative treatment shows good results, some patients may still require surgical bursectomy, which can be performed either openly or endoscopically. One of the main technical difficulties of the endoscopic procedure is intraoperative bleeding, which can hinder the medical team's vision and increase the operation time for endoscopic treatment of GTPS. HYPOTHESIS: An instillation of vasoconstrictors and local anesthetics before endoscopy will cause less intraoperative bleeding, which will translate into shorter surgical time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort was retrospectively divided based on the use or absence of a preoperative instillation of physiological saline solution with epinephrine and lidocaine. Surgical time was measured in each procedure and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: 139 hips from 139 patients were included in the analysis. 102 patients were included in the instillation group versus 37 in the control group. The surgical time was significantly shorter in the instillation group than in the control group, with an average (standard deviation) of 52.01 (14.71) and 72.30 (11.70) minutes, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The instillation of a physiological saline solution with epinephrine and lidocaine prior to the surgical treatment of GTPS is effective in reducing surgical times, likely due to a reduction in intraoperative bleeding. Future research should focus on more direct outcomes such as intraoperative blood loss and between different instillation protocols.

Síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior (Síndrome de Wilkie): A propósito de un caso en una adolescente / Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (Wilkie syndrome): A case report in an adolescent

Introducción. El síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior, también conocido como síndrome de Wilkie, es una entidad infrecuente en la que una reducción del ángulo o espacio aorto-mesentérico determina una compresión extrínseca con obstrucción del tercio distal del duodeno, demostrando síntomas y signos característicos de obstrucción intestinal. El pilar del tratamiento es el manejo médico conservador con repleción nutricional, con el objetivo de aumentar el grosor de la grasa retroperitoneal y con esto resolver la compresión duodenal. Caso clínico. Paciente de 16 años, con un curso crónico marcado por dolor abdominal, estreñimiento, distensión, pirosis y pérdida de peso. Inicialmente se trató como una enfermedad ácido-péptica, con pobre mejoría, por lo que se realizaron estudios imagenológicos con lo que se documentó una disminución del ángulo aortomesentérico. Resultado. Se instauró un manejo médico con un protocolo de repleción nutricional por vía oral, para lograr ganancia de peso y evitar la cirugía. Conclusión. Con base a los síntomas y hallazgos en imágenes diagnósticas se hizo el diagnóstico de síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior, que es una causa de obstrucción intestinal con muy baja incidencia. Su presentación clínica incluye gran variedad de síntomas, entre los que destaca el dolor abdominal y la pérdida de peso. Es frecuente la confusión con otras enfermedades más frecuentes, como enfermedad ácido-péptica, reflujo gastrointestinal y malabsorción. Su diagnóstico requiere un alto índice de sospecha, por lo que es importante conocer esta entidad y considerarla en el estudio de pacientes con los síntomas mencionados.

Introduction. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome, also known as Wilkie syndrome, is a rare entity in which a reduction in the aorto-mesenteric angle or space determines extrinsic compression with obstruction of the distal third of the duodenum, demonstrating characteristic symptoms and signs of intestinal obstruction. The mainstay of treatment is conservative medical management with nutritional repletion, with the aim of increasing the thickness of the retroperitoneal fat and thereby resolving duodenal compression. Clinical case. A 16-year-old patient, with a chronic course marked by abdominal pain, constipation, bloating, heartburn and weight loss. Initially was treated as an acid-peptic disease, with poor improvement. Imaging studies were performed, which documented a decrease in the aorto-mesenteric angle. Conclusion. Based on the symptoms and findings on diagnostic images, the diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery syndrome was made, which is a cause of intestinal obstruction with a very low incidence. Its clinical presentation includes a wide variety of symptoms, among which abdominal pain and weight loss stand out. Confusion with other more common diseases is common, such as acid-peptic disease, gastrointestinal reflux and malabsorption. Its diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, so it is important to know this entity and consider it in the study of patients with the aforementioned symptoms.

Estudio comparativo del dolor abdominal en las culturas maya Tzeltal, maya Tzotzil y maya Q ́eqchi ́y el uso de Ageratina ligustrina para su tratamiento / Comparative study of abdominal pain in the Mayan cultures Tzeltal, Maya Tzotzil and Maya Q ́eqchi´ and use of Ageratina ligustrina for the treatment

El presente estudio es una comparación del dolor abdominal producido por trastornos gastrointestinales, aliviado por Ageratina ligustrina , entre los grupos maya Tzeltal, Tzotzil y Q ́eqchi ́, el cual integró un enfoque etnomédico, etnobotánico y transcultural, comparando estudios previos con el presente trabajo de campo. Para evaluar la eficacia de Ageratina para aliviar el dolor abdominal, se realizó un inventario de las moléculas reportadas en esta especie, así como de su actividad farmacológica, a través de una revisión bibliográfica. Los resultados mostraron que la epidemiología del dolor producido por TGI, su etnobotánica y el modelo explicativo del dolor abdominal fueron similares entre grupos étnicos. Asimismo, se identificaron 27 moléculas con efectos antiinflamatorios y antinociceptivos, lo que podría explicar por qué esta especie es culturalmente importante para los pobladores maya Tzeltal, Tzotzil y Q ́eqch i ́ para el alivio del dolor abdominal, mientras que, desde el punto de vista biomédico, es una especie con potencial para inhibir el dolor visceral.

The current study is a comparison of the abdominal pain conception produced by gastrointestinal disorders, relieved by Ageratina ligustrina , among inhabitants of the Mayan Tzeltal, Tzotzil, and Q'eqchi' groups ethnomedical, ethnobotanical, and cross -cultural approaches were used to compare previous studies with the present field work. To evaluate the efficacy of A. ligustrina to relieve pain, also through a bibliographic review an inventory of the molecules present in this species was performed, as well as their pharmacological activity. The results showed that the epidemiology of pain produced by GID, its ethnobotany, and the explanatory model of abdominal pain are similar among ethnic groups. Likewise, 27 molecules with anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects were identified, which could explain why this species is culturally important for the Mayan Tzeltal, Tzotzil, and Q'eqchi' groups for the relief of abdominal pain, while, from a biomedical point of view, it is a species with potential to inhibit visceral pain.

Orbital trochleitis: Literature review.

Trochleitis is clinically and/or radiologically evidenced inflammation of the trochlea or orbital pulley. Clinically it is characterized by pain and hypersensitivity in the superomedial orbital angle, which is increased or triggered by direct palpation of the area and/or eye movements. During the REM (rapid eye movements) phase of sleep, patients with trochleitis suffer from nocturnal micro-awakenings that impede their rest, and pain is often associated with visual symptoms (diplopia or Brown's syndrome). The lack of common guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of this disease, its low prevalence and the lack of knowledge of the different entities associated with trochlear pain, leads to underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis. It is essential to know the characteristics of this pathology and to diagnose it correctly, differentiating it from other trochlear pain entities, in order to be able to carry out an adequate therapeutic and prognostic approach. The lack of consensus on the therapeutic protocol means that various treatments are used, in different order and often with a combination of several without a firm scientific basis. This comprehensive review of previous studies concludes that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) achieve an overall complete cure rate of 77%, although this rate decreases to 30% in case of motility restriction or diplopia. Intratrochlear corticosteroid injection achieves an overall complete cure rate of 86%, even in the worst prognosis trochleitis, being the only effective option in NSAID-refractory trochleitis and currently being questioned as the first treatment option.

Crioterapia Intracanal para la Reducción Térmica de la Superficie Radicular Externa. Estudio in vitro

La aplicación de crioterapia en endodoncia consta de la irrigación con solución salina a temperaturas bajas con la finalidad de reducir el dolor post-operatorio en un tratamiento de conducto radicular. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la reducción térmica de la superficie radicular externa a través de la crioterapia intracanal según temperatura y tiempo. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó su limpieza y desinfección con hipoclorito de sodio (NaOCl) al 4 %, se procedió con apertura cameral, preparación biomecánica e irrigación final con hipoclorito de sodio (NaOCl) al 2,5 % y EDTA 17 % activándolo manualmente con un cono de gutapercha Nº 40 a 100 ciclos en 1 minuto. Se dividieron los treinta premolares monorradiculares en 3 intervenciones de irrigaciones diferentes usando solución salina a temperatura ambiente para el grupo control (GC), solución salina a temperatura 1.5 C° para el grupo 1 (G1), y solución salina a temperatura 4 C° para el grupo 2 (G2) con registro de temperatura a los 0, 1, 2 y 3 minutos post irrigación final. Resultados: Se encontró reducción térmica significativa en la superficie radicular externa de todos los grupos comparados en los diferentes tiempos y temperaturas criogénicas.

The application of cryotherapy in endodontics consists of irrigation with saline solution at low temperatures with the aim of reducing post-operative pain in root canal treatment. The objective of this study was to compare the thermal reduction of the external root surface through intracanal cryotherapy according to temperature and time. Materials and methods: Cleaning and disinfection was carried out with 4 % sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), proceeded with chamber opening, biomechanical preparation and final irrigation with 2.5 % sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17 % EDTA, activating it manually with a gutta-percha cone No. 40 to 100 cycles in 1 minute. The thirty single-root premolars were divided into 3 different irrigation interventions using saline solution at room temperature for the control group (CG), saline solution at a temperature of 1.5 C° for group 1 (G1), and saline solution at a temperature of 4 C° for group 2 (G2) with temperature recording at 0, 1, 2 and 3 minutes after final irrigation. Results: Significant thermal reduction was found in the external root surface of all groups compared at different cryogenic times and temperatures.

Dismenorrea, un dolor que incapacita / Dysmenorrhea: a disabling pain

La dismenorrea es una afección menstrual común en mujeres de edad reproductiva, caracterizada por dolor pélvico durante el ciclo menstrual. En este artículo, se revisan los factores de riesgo, la clínica y el diagnóstico de la dismenorrea primaria con el objetivo de proponer un enfoque de tratamiento multimodal para esta condición. La dismenorrea primaria es el dolor pélvico asociado al período menstrual sin una patología pélvica subyacente. La dismenorrea secundaria es el dolor pélvico que se presenta como síntoma de otras afecciones ginecológicas. El diagnóstico se basa en la historia clínica, la exploración física y ginecológica, y se pueden realizar pruebas complementarias en casos específicos. El tratamiento de la dismenorrea primaria es multimodal y tiene como objetivo aliviar el dolor y mejorar la calidad de vida de las pacientes. Los fármacos antiinflamatorios no esteroideos son la primera línea de tratamiento, aunque se pueden utilizar otros enfoques terapéuticos(AU)

Dysmenorrhea is a common menstrual condition in women of reproductive age, characterized by pelvic pain during the menstrual cycle. This article reviews the risk factors, clinic and diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea to propose a multimodal treatment approach for this condition. Primary dysmenorrhea is pelvic pain associated with the menstrual period without underlying pelvic pathology. In contrast, secondary dysmenorrhea refers to pelvic pain that presents as a symptom of other gynecologic conditions. Diagnosis is based on detailed clinical history, physical and gynecological examination, and complementary tests may be performed in specific cases. Treatment of primary dysmenorrhea is multimodal and aims to relieve pain and improve the patient's quality of life. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the first line of treatment, although other therapeutic approaches can be employed(AU)

Síndrome de rapunzel: reporte de caso de tricobezoar gigante en pediatría / Rapunzel syndrome: Case report of a giant trichobezoar in pediatrics

Introducción: Tricobezoar es una masa formada principalmente por cabello humano, entre otras fibras o materiales que afecta el sistema gastrointestinal en pacientes con antecedente de tricotilomanía y tricofagia; las manifestaciones son inespecíficas, incluye saciedad, anorexia, vómitos, dolor abdominal, siendo una de las complicaciones el síndrome de Rapunzel que se caracteriza por la presencia de un tricobezoar localizado en el estómago con cola que se extiende más allá del píloro y es causa de obstrucción intestinal. Descripción del caso: Femenina de 10 años con antecedente de tricotilomanía y tricofagia no diagnosticada, además, historia de dolor abdominal crónico recurrente, pérdida progresiva del apetito y pérdida de peso. Al ingreso presenta vómitos post ingesta y distensión abdominal. Examen físico: signos vitales sin alteraciones, muy bajo peso para la edad, presencia de alopecia a nivel frontotemporal derecha, abdomen con masa en epigastrio. Estudios laboratoriales sin alteraciones. Endoscopia y serie esófago gastroduodenal reportan presencia de bezoar en estómago. Laparotomía describe tricobezoar que abarcaba toda la cámara gástrica y se extendía hasta el duodeno causando obstrucción, por lo que se confirma diagnóstico de síndrome de Rapunzel. El manejo incluyó apoyo nutricional y psiquiátrico por tricotilomanía y tricofagia secundario a trastorno de ansiedad generalizado. Conclusión: Las características clínicas de este caso se corresponden con lo descrito en la literatura por otros autores, el tricobezoar debe considerarse como diagnóstico diferencial en mujeres adolescentes con antecedente o sospecha de tricotilomanía y/o tricofagia que presentan dolor abdominal...(AU)

Assessment of pain relief after four botulinum toxin A injection cycles in patients with post-stroke lower limb spasticity: A prospective, observational study.

INTRODUCTION: Spasticity is common after a stroke and is an independent risk factor for developing pain. BotulinumtoxinA injection is the treatment of choice for focal spasticity. We examined the effect of intramuscular botulinumtoxinA on pain relief in patients in routine clinical practice who were experiencing pain as a primary complaint associated with post-stroke lower limb spasticity. METHODS: Prospective, multicentre, post-marketing observational study. The study period was 16 months. The primary effectiveness variable was the mean change from baseline on the pain 0-10 Numerical Rating Scale after four botulinumtoxinA injection cycles. Secondary endpoints included changes from baseline on the pain 0-100 Visual Analogue Scale, Goal Attainment Scale, modified Ashworth Scale, 10-Meter Walk Test, Penn Spasm Frequency Scale, and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey. RESULTS: Of 186 enrolled patients, 180 (96.8%) received botulinumtoxinA at least once. The mean (standard deviation) pain 0-10 Numerical Rating Scale score decreased significantly (p<0.0001) from 4.9 (2.2) at baseline to 2.5 (2.1) at study end, representing a 50% decrease in pain severity. Relief of pain due to spasticity was supported by improvement from baseline in all secondary variables except the 10-Meter Walk Test. Two adverse events (erysipelas and phlebitis) in one patient were considered likely to be related to botulinumtoxinA injection. CONCLUSION: BotulinumtoxinA appears to provide pain relief as an additional benefit of local treatment in patients with post-stroke lower limb spasticity for whom pain relief is a primary therapeutic goal (a Lay Abstract has been provided as Appendix A).