Medicalização da subjetividade e fetichismo psicofármaco: uma análise dos fundamentos / Medicalization of subjectivity and psychotropic drugs fetishism: an analysis of the fundamentals

Resumo Este trabalho trata dos fundamentos da epidemia das drogas psiquiátricas e tem por objetivo analisar a medicalização da subjetividade e o fetichismo dos psicofármacos em suas bases fundamentais. Trata-se de uma reflexão teórica à luz da análise do discurso inaugurada por Michel Pêcheux, a partir da qual se apresenta um gesto de interpretação, possibilitando identificar a epidemia das drogas psiquiátricas como expressão da medicalização da vida. Com base na crítica dos fundamentos da forma capitalista de consumo e da prescrição dos psicofármacos, esta análise demonstrou como o modelo de metabolismo social do capital impõe aos sujeitos uma terapêutica fetichizada. Espera-se contribuir com práticas que lutam pelo legado do movimento antimanicomial e, com isso, somar aos esforços dos sujeitos envolvidos na produção de práticas terapêuticas efetivamente humanizadas e críticas.

Abstract This study deals with the foundations of the psychiatric drug epidemic, aiming to analyze the medicalization of subjectivity and the fetishism of psychotropic drugs in their fundamental bases. It is a theorical reflection in the light of discourse analysis inaugurated by Michel Pêcheux, from which it presents a gesture of interpretation, allowing the identification of the psychiatric drug epidemic as an expression of the medicalization of life. Based on the critique of the foundations of the capitalist form of consumption and prescription of psychotropic drugs, this analysis demonstrated how the social metabolism model of capital imposes a fetishized therapy on the subjects. We hope to contribute to the practices of those who fight for the legacy of the anti-asylum movement and thus add to the efforts of the subjects involved in the production of effectively humanized and critical practices.

Polyembolokoilamania with obsessive compulsive and related disorders: A case series.

Polyembolokoilamania is a condition seen in a medical or surgical emergencies where the person, sometimes repetitively, inserts various foreign bodies through body orifices or skin to obtain gratification often associated with background psychiatric diagnoses. We present three cases where one patient with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) presented with urethral polyembolokoilamania, one with Excoriation disorder presented with multiple pin-piercing behavior through the skin and one case of OCD presented with anal polyembolokoilamania. Treatment of the underlying Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders curbed such behaviors successfully in all three cases emphasizing the importance of treating background psychiatric disorders in such conditions.

Thick critiques, thin solutions: news media coverage of meatpacking plants in the COVID-19 pandemic.

The human labor and animal inputs required to manufacture meat products are kept physically and symbolically distanced from the consumer. Recently however, meatpacking plants received significant news media attention when they emerged as hotpots for COVID-19 - threatening workers' health, requiring plants to slow production, and forcing farmers to euthanize livestock. In light of these disruptions, this research asks: how did news media frame the impact of COVID-19 on the meat industry, and to what extent is a process of defetishization observed? Examining a sample of 230 news articles from coverage of US meatpacking plants and COVID-19 in 2020, I find that news media largely attributes the cause for the spread of COVID-19 in meatpacking plants to the history of exploitative working conditions and business practices of the meat industry. By contrast, the solutions offered to address these problems aim at alleviating the immediate obstacles posed by the pandemic and returning to, rather than challenging, the status quo. These short-run solutions for complex issues demonstrate the constraints in imagining alternatives to a problem rooted in capitalism. Furthermore, my analysis shows that animals are only made visible in the production process when their bodies become a waste product.

Paraphilic Interests Versus Behaviors: Factors that Distinguish Individuals Who Act on Paraphilic Interests From Individuals Who Refrain.

Little is known about distinct factors linked with acting on paraphilic interests or refraining from engaging in paraphilic behaviors. Participants from Canada and the United States (N = 744), aged 19-42 years (M = 29.2; SD = 3.18), were recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Participants completed questionnaires about their paraphilic interests and behaviors, as well as potential key factors linked to behavioral engagement (i.e., perceptions of consent, sexual excitation/inhibition, impulsivity, moral disengagement, empathy). Results indicated that higher moral disengagement and impulsivity, lower sexual control (i.e., high sexual excitation, low sexual inhibition), and maladaptive understandings of consent were best able to differentiate individuals who reported highly stigmatized (e.g., hebephilia, pedophilia, coprophilia) or Bondage and Dicipline, Dominance and Submission, Sadism and Masochism(BDSM)/Fetish paraphilic interests and engagement in the paraphilic behaviours associated with these interests relative to individuals who did not report such paraphilic interests or behaviors. Moreover, higher moral disengagement, impulsivity, and maladaptive perceptions of consent were best able to differentiate non-consensual paraphilic interests and behaviours (e.g., voyeurism, exhibitionism) compared to individuals who did not report these paraphilic interests or behaviours. These results provide future directions for the exploration of mechanisms that may contribute to engagement in paraphilic behaviors and may be targets for intervention aimed at preventing engagement in potentially harmful paraphilias.

As mulheres em Lolita: um discurso violento sobre a sexualidade feminina / The women in Lolita: a violent discourse about the female sexuality / Las mujeres en Lolita: un discurso violento sobre la sexualidad femenina

Resumo O presente artigo pretende construir uma leitura psicanalítica sobre as mulheres presentes em 'Lolita', obra literária de Vladimir Nabokov, publicada em 1955. O livro é a autobiografia de Humbert Humbert, de 38 anos, que tem como objeto de amor uma garota de 12 anos, a quem ele nomeia como ninfeta. O narrador defende a existência de duas categorias femininas diferentes. A primeira é atribuída às mulheres adultas, nomeadas como agentes paliativos por serem permitidas por Lei a se relacionarem sexualmente com homens; e a segunda, às diabólicas ninfetas, seu verdadeiro objeto de desejo. Partindo de uma leitura freudolacaniana sobre o feminino e apoiada nos estudos da filósofa Simone de Beauvoir sobre as categorias de representação social das mulheres, o artigo realizou um percurso a partir da fala do narrador Humbert Humbert, criador de tais categorias do feminino, para a investigação do conceito sobre fetichismo. Foi possível concluir que o discurso acerca da sexualidade feminina se constitui para benefício exclusivo de Humbert Humbert, que determina e goza com a nomeação de mulheres, ou seja, ao falar sobre o feminino, o narrador nos ajuda a produzir UM saber, voltado, na verdade, para a sexualidade masculina.

Abstract This article intends to construe a psychoanalytical reading about the women in the literary work Lolita, by Vladimir Nabokov, published in 1955. The book is the autobiography of Humbert Humbert, 38, whose love object is a 12-year-old girl whom that he names as a nymphet. The narrator argues for the existence of two different female categories. The first would be attributed to adult women, named as palliative agents as permitted by the Law to have sexual relations with men. The second to diabolical nymphets, their true object of desire. Starting from a Freudolacanian reading about the feminine and supported by the philosopher Simone de Beauvoir's studies on the categories of women's social representation, this paper will return to the narrator Humbert Humbert, creator of such categories of the feminine, to investigate concept about fetishism. At the end of the work, we were able to realize that the discourse about female sexuality is constituted for the exclusive benefit of Humbert Humbert, who determines and enjoys the naming of women, that is, by talking about the feminine, the narrator helps us to produce a knowledge, in fact, about male sexuality.

Resumen Este artículo pretende construir una lectura psicoanalítica sobre las mujeres presentes en "Lolita", obra literaria de Vladimir Nabokov, publicada en 1955. El libro es la autobiografía de Humbert Humbert, de 38 años, que tiene como objeto de amor a una niña de 12 años, a la que nombra nínfula. El narrador defiende la existencia de dos categorías femeninas diferentes. El primero se atribuiría a las mujeres adultas, nombradas como agentes paliativos por permitirles la Ley relacionarse sexualmente con los hombres. El segundo a las ninfas diabólicas, su verdadero objeto de deseo. Partiendo de una lectura freudolacaniana de lo femenino y apoyándose en los estudios de la filósofa Simone de Beauvoir sobre las categorías de representación social de la mujer, el artículo hace un recorrido desde el discurso del narrador Humbert Humbert, creador de tales categorías de lo femenino, hasta la investigación del concepto de fetichismo. Al final de la obra, pudimos percibir que el discurso sobre la sexualidad femenina se constituye para beneficio exclusivo de Humbert Humbert, quien determina y disfruta al nombrar a las mujeres, es decir, al hablar de lo femenino, el narrador nos ayuda a producir un conocimiento, de hecho, sobre la sexualidad masculina.

"Decifra-me ou te devoro", o enigma da uberização: análise do trabalho e da saúde / "Decipher me or be my prey", the uberization riddle: a work and health analysis

Resumo: Esta pesquisa buscou analisar a relação trabalho-saúde no bojo da uberização, tomando a perspectiva das próprias plataformas como objeto da crítica marxista. Constatou-se que essas empresas propagam a promessa do "ganhe dinheiro", expressando uma série de fetichismos que está na base da construção da falácia da autogestão e do empreendedorismo. No que diz respeito à saúde, reproduzem, de forma caricata, velhos modelos de intervenção na saúde dos trabalhadores, repetindo a história como farsa.

Abstract: This research sought to analyze the work-health relationship in the context of uberization, taking the perspective of the platforms themselves as the object of Marxist critique. It was found that these companies propagate the promise of "make money", expressing a series of fetishisms that underlie the construction of the fallacy of self-management and entrepreneurship. About health, they reproduce, in a cartoonish way, old models of intervention in workers' health, repeating history as a farce.

The Role of Denial in Vaccine Skeptics and "Anti-vax" Blame: A Psychodynamic Approach.

In this paper, we propose to account for the blame addressed to vaccine skeptics and "anti-vax" (VS and AV) by considering their attitude as the result of the psychological mechanism of denial, understood in a psychodynamic manner. To that effect, we draw on a secondary account of our clinical experience in two hospital units (psychiatry and intensive care unit), and on openly available media material. First, we lay out how VS and AV can be understood as the result from fetishist risk denial, a specific psychological transaction with an object by which VS and AV people feel intimately protected; this object is viewed as so powerful that its protection makes the vaccine appear irrelevant. Second, we show how this mechanism can explain the specific content of the blame frequently addressed to VS and AV, who are reproached with being selfish by vaccinated people and caregivers. We contend that, contrary to common belief, they are thus blamed because they force others (and especially caregivers) to compensate their lack of self-protection and preservation, which derives from their exclusive relation to an almighty object. While such a relation accounts for the unwillingness to consider vaccination, it also explains the harshness of the blame voiced by caregivers, who feel helpless in most situations as they cannot effectively force VS and AV to take care of themselves and others.

Is Sexual Racism Still Really Racism? Revisiting Callander et al. (2015) in the USA.

As research on race and racism in the USA has suggested that it now takes a more subtle and neoliberal form, one of the areas in which race and racism are most explicit is in dating and sex. When finding dating and sexual partners, people tend to be explicit about their rejection of potential mates along racial lines while claiming that these preferences have no connection with racism. Callander et al.'s (2015) study was the first to provide the evidence that these expressions of sexual racism, or race-based rejections of partners in sexual contexts, were in fact related to cultural racism perpetuated in society at large. Despite all of this, the study has never been replicated. We aimed to partially replicate the study in the USA, using a sample of 616 gay, bisexual, and heterosexual men. Using the Quick Discrimination Index and online sexual racism surveys referenced in the original paper, we find a correlation of - 0.129, between the two measures. This suggests that respondents who demonstrate more openness and less racist beliefs in general are also less likely to be accepting of forms of online sexual racism, a finding that is consistent with prior research. Still, the correlation between these measures is not nearly as strong as that observed in Australia in the original paper (- 0.56), raising questions that require further exploration.

Cultural labor and the defetishization of environments: connecting ethnographies of tourism in Venezuela and Chile.

This paper compares the development of the tourism industry in two different Latin American locations: a municipality of Chile's Araucanía and Venezuela's Gran Sabana. In both locations, part of the indigenous population shows interest in the development of this industry, which presents potential as a source of locally generated income. This comparison focuses on examining how property rights and relations shape and are reshaped by the expansion of tourist activities in these locations, shedding light on two additional questions: first, the socioeconomic conditions that help explain the increasing participation of the indigenous population in the expansion of tourism in these regions; second, a cultural phenomenon that this expansion stimulates: the circulation of discursive representations of local environments as permanently inscribed with a particular form of collective labor. This paper will conceptualize this labor as "cultural labor" and, drawing from theorizations of the fetishism of commodities, will argue that the widespread appeals to this labor constitute a (paradoxical) form of discursive defetishization that is fostered by the logic of the tourist industry. This form of defetishization discursively subverts the principle of concealment that pervades commodity fetishism as theorized by Marx, but it is nonetheless a functional part of a social process that reinscribes and rearticulates capital as a social relation among the populations of these regions.

A Brief Report on Fetishism in Romania: An Approach Based on Gender and Sexual Orientation.

Objectives: With this research, we aimed to assess the level of fetishism in Romania, to explore the gender and sexual orientation differences and to inspect its relationship with sexual satisfaction and well-being. Methods: This study analyses data from 525 participants from the non-clinical population. Results: The analyses showed that some levels of fetishism are present in almost 70 % of the sample, that queer participants report higher scores and that it does not impact sexual satisfaction and well-being. Conclusion: These findings can be used for a better understanding of fetishism and its impact by both clinicians and individuals with fetishes.

Extrato de estudo em História da Psiquiatria: o fetichismo na Psychopathia Sexualis de Richard von Krafft-Ebing / Extract of a study on the History of Psychiatry: fetishism in Psychopathia Sexualis by Richard von Krafft-Ebing / Extrait d'étude dans Histoire de la Psychiatrie : le fétichisme dans la Psychopathia Sexualis par Richard von Krafft-Ebing / Extracto de estudio en la Historia de la Psiquiatría: el fetichismo en Psychopathia Sexualis de Richard von Krafft-Ebing

Em 1886, o psiquiatra Richard von Krafft-Ebing lançou a Psychopathia Sexualis, primeiro manual de diagnóstico de perversões sexuais e se tornou o responsável por articular uma nova perspectiva para o estudo da sexualidade. Sua abordagem atravessou séculos e até hoje tem consequências diretas na ideia de sexualidade humana contemporânea. Este estudo pretende retomar a história do conceito de fetichismo dentro da Psychopathia Sexualis para demonstrar como, na teoria psiquiátrica de Krafft-Ebing, o fetichismo se tornou mais do que uma patologia ou peculiaridade sexual, passando a designar a manifestação inicial do processo do instinto sexual nos seres humanos, convertendo-se em um conceito-chave para a teoria da sexualidade.

In 1886, psychiatrist Richard von Krafft-Ebing published Psychopathia Sexualis, the first manual for diagnosing sexual perversions, thus creating a new perspective for the study of sexuality. To this day, his approach directly influences the idea of contemporary human sexuality. This study intends to resume the history of the concept of fetishism described in Psychopathia Sexualis to show how, according to Krafft-Ebing's psychiatric theory, fetishism became more than a pathology or sexual peculiarity and designates the initial manifestation of the process of sexual instinct in human beings, thus becoming a key concept of the theory of sexuality.

En 1886, le psychiatre Richard von Krafft-Ebing a publié « Psychopathia Sexualis ¼, premier manuel diagnostique de perversions sexuelles et a ainsi articulé une nouvelle perspective pour l'étude de la sexualité. Son approche a jusqu'à aujourd'hui des conséquences directes sur l'idée de la sexualité humaine contemporaine. Cette étude vise à reprendre l'histoire du concept du fétichisme au sein de la Psychopathia Sexualis pour démontrer, dans la théorie psychiatrique de Krafft-Ebing, comment le fétichisme est devenu plus qu'une pathologie ou une particularité sexuelle, désignant la manifestation initiale du processus de l'instinct sexuel chez l'homme et devenant, par conséquent un concept clé de la théorie de la sexualité.

En 1886, el psiquiatra Richard von Krafft-Ebing lanzó Psychopathia Sexualis, el primer manual para diagnosticar perversiones sexuales, y se convirtió en el responsable de la articulación de una nueva perspectiva para el estudio de la sexualidad. Su enfoque ha trascendido los siglos y hasta el día de hoy tiene consecuencias directas sobre la idea de la sexualidad humana contemporánea. Este estudio pretende reanudar la historia del concepto de fetichismo, dentro de Psychopathia Sexualis para demostrar cómo, en la teoría psiquiátrica de Krafft-Ebing, el fetichismo se convirtió en algo más que una patología o una peculiaridad sexual, comenzando a designar la manifestación inicial del proceso del instinto sexual en los seres humanos, convirtiéndose en un concepto clave para la teoría de la sexualidad.

Compulsive Conditioned Sexual Responding of Male Japanese Quail in Extinction.

Previous experiments showed that following acquisition of an association between a terry-cloth object conditioned stimulus (CS) and a live female unconditioned stimulus (US), male quail increased the frequency of their copulations with the inanimate CS during subsequent CS-alone (extinction) trials. The present experiment was conducted to identify the potential factors responsible for this unexpected increase in conditioned sexual behavior during extinction. A total of 57 naïve male quail were given pairings of a terry-cloth CS with a live female during acquisition. A total of 36 of these quail (the approach responders) showed only conditioned approach response to the CS object, whereas the remaining 21 quail (the consummatory responders) also displayed copulatory or consummatory responses to the CS. In the extinction phase, these two sets of quail were divided into two subgroups: one subgroup received a female in their home cages while the other did not. Consummatory responders that were not exposed to a female quail in the home cage showed a significant increase in conditioned consummatory responding as the extinction trials progressed (i.e., compulsive conditioned sexual responding), whereas the other subgroup showed no change. However, both subgroups showed resistance to extinction in both conditioned approach and consummatory behavior. These findings indicate that the increase in copulation with the terry-cloth CS during extinction is possibly caused by US deprivation. The findings also suggest that conditioned copulation with the terry-cloth CS may lead to partial drive satisfaction, which may contribute to persistence of the behavior. Implications of these findings for paraphilias and compulsive sexual behavior are discussed.

An Exploratory Study of Adult Baby-Diaper Lovers' Characteristics in an Italian Online Sample.

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the Adult Baby-Diaper Lovers (ABDL) phenomena is quite recent and there are, of yet, few studies on this phenomenon. AIM: This study was conceived to investigate the functions of ABDL behaviours and the characteristics of ABDL in an online Italian community sample. We hypothesized that ABDL phenomena were associated with general psychological maladjustment and with an experience of parental rejection during childhood. It was also assumed that there would be differences in ABDL profiles based on the age of appearance of their first Adult Baby-Diaper Lover (ABDL) fantasies. METHOD: An internet-based study was conducted and it involved 38 adults aged between 18 and 74 years (M = 34.95; SD = 12.25). Participants were first given an ad hoc questionnaire, which was devised to obtain information about the anamnestic variables related to ABDL. Then, the participants filled out the Cognitive Behaviour Assessment 2.0 battery to obtain anamnestic information regarding their psychological, medical, and personal history and to evaluate primary psychological dimensions in clinical practice. Finally, they filled out the Adult Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire, to evaluate their recollections of parental perceived rejection, and the Personality Assessment Questionnaire, to evaluate the primary psychological aspects related to parental rejection. RESULTS: The data indicated that adults with ABDL showed the presence of anxious traits and recollections of parental rejection during childhood. Moreover, associations were observed between current or previous ABDL phenomena enuresis and negative mood states. CONCLUSION: Specific kinds of parental modes, anxiety traits, and enuresis seem to be the source of ABDL interests. Moreover, ADBL behaviours seem to assume different functions and meanings.

Rape of the lock: note on nineteenth-century hair fetishists.

The ostensibly bizarre crime of braid-cutting invited occasional alienist inferences from the late 1850s onwards, until it entered mid-1880s police profiles and forensic-psychiatric taxonomies as a corollary of perversion, specifically sadism and fetishism. Cases were rare, but were reported as late as the mid-1930s and enduringly cited as encompassing a staple variety of fetishism. This note briefly reconstructs entries in German, French and English forensic psychiatry, sexual psychopathology and psychoanalysis.

Sexuality in the 21st century: Leather or rubber? Fetishism explained.

The sexual physical act is related to sexual attraction, sexual fantasy and sexual behaviour. Fetish has been recognised as an attraction to objects with the aim of achieving sexual gratification. There have been historical accounts of fetishism, and the subject has been of significant interest to clinicians especially those who work in the field of managing mental illnesses. There are various types of fetishism. Reported for the first time in the 19th century, the condition is of various subtypes. Of these, fetishistic disorder can be recognised as sexual fantasies, sexual urges and sexual behaviours which cause significant distress or impairment in an individual in social, occupational or other important areas of function. Fetishism may be related to specific body parts, non-living objects or others. In clinical settings, patients with fetishistic disorders are often referred because of having got into trouble with the law. Fetishism needs to be differentiated from paraphilias. Various explanations including psychoanalysis and behavioural theories have been offered to explain the genesis and management of fetishistic disorders. A fetish is attraction to an object. Treatments can include behavioural, cognitive or psychoanalytic strategies. In this review article, a brief overview on the fetish is offered with suggestions for management.

Marine protected areas and spatial fetishism: A viewpoint on destructive fishing in coastal Tanzania.

This paper focuses on destructive fishing practices in coastal Tanzania. I argue that the dominant conservation narrative that increased capacity and 'political will' for enforcement of marine protected areas (MPAs) reflects a form of spatial fetishization, in that it overemphasizes the influence of space over social behaviour. I contend that Tanzanian MPAs offer bandage solutions to underlying structural problems that are contingent upon the inconsistent availability of social and financial resources for monitoring activities. I suggest that a paradigm shift is necessary, involving the de-territorialization of marine conservation discourse in Tanzania, and a movement towards addressing the underlying social, political and economic conditions that influence marine resource use.

A Verleugnung em Freud: análise textual e considerações hermenêuticas / Le Verleugnung chez Freud: analyse textuelle et les considérations herméneutiques / La Verleugnung en Freud: análisis textual y consideraciones hermenéuticas / The Verleugnung in Freud: textual analysis and hermeneutical considerations

Resumo Neste artigo abordamos os diferentes deslocamentos da ideia de "recusa", "renegação" ou "desmentido" (Verleugnung) no texto freudiano. Para promover essa reflexão, discutimos inicialmente as traduções e significados do termo alemão, para depois acompanhar o seu aparecimento na Primeira Tópica e o seu desenvolvimento conceitual na Segunda Tópica. Acreditamos que, embora o conceito de "desmentido" tenha encontrado a sua formulação específica como mecanismo de defesa da perversão fetichista, trata-se de um conceito bem mais extenso, que não se restringe à organização perversa e possui grande valor para a compreensão crítica de certos aspectos da sociedade contemporânea.

Résumé Cet article aborde les mouvements de l'idée de « refus ¼, « reniement ¼ ou « démenti ¼ (Verleugnung) chez Freud. Pour encourager cette réflexion, on discute d'abord les traductions et les sens du terme allemand, pour, ensuite, accompagner son apparition dans la Première Topique et son développement conceptuel dans la Seconde Topique. On considère que, même si le concept de « démenti ¼ trouve sa formulation spécifique comme mécanisme de défense de la perversion fétichiste, il s'agit d'un concept bien plus approfondi, qui ne se limite pas à l'organisation perverse et possède une grande valeur pour la compréhension critique de certains aspects de la société contemporaine.

Resumen El presente artículo aborda los diferentes desplazamientos de la idea de «rechazo¼, «renegación¼ o «desmentida¼ (Verleugnung) en el texto freudiano. Para promover esta reflexión, se discuten inicialmente las traducciones y significados del término alemán, para a continuación observar su surgimiento en la Primera Tópica y su desarrollo conceptual en la Segunda Tópica. Creemos que, aunque el concepto de «desmentida¼ haya encontrado su formulación específica como mecanismo de defensa de la perversión fetichista, se trata de un concepto mucho más extenso, que no se restringe a la organización perversa y posee gran valor para la comprensión crítica de ciertos aspectos de la sociedad contemporánea.

Abstract In this article we discuss the different displacements of the idea of "refusal", "denial" or "denial" (Verleugnung) in the Freudian text. To promote this reflection, we first discuss the translations and meanings of the German term, and then analyze its appearance in the First Topic and its conceptual development in the Second Topic. We believe that although the concept of "denial" has found its specific formulation as a defense mechanism for fetishistic perversion, it is a much more extensive concept that is not restricted to perverse organization and is of great value for the critical understanding of certain aspects of contemporary society.

Fifty Shades of Belgian Gray: The Prevalence of BDSM-Related Fantasies and Activities in the General Population.

BACKGROUND: Bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and sadism and masochism (BDSM) is gaining popularity through the mainstream media. Nevertheless, very little is known about the prevalence of BDSM-related fantasies and activities in the general population. AIM: To determine the prevalence of BDSM fantasies and behavioral involvement in four different age groups of the general population in Belgium. METHODS: By use of a cross-sectional survey questionnaire, the level of interest in several BDSM-related activities was investigated in a sample representative of the general Belgian population (N = 1,027). The questionnaire evaluated interest in 54 BDSM activities and 14 fetishes. Self-identification as BDSM practitioner, situational context of BDSM practice, age at awareness of these interests, and transparency to others were queried. OUTCOMES: Individual item scores and summary scores on four BDSM categories were included in the analyses. RESULTS: A high interest in BDSM-related activities in the general population was found because 46.8% of the total sample had ever performed at least one BDSM-related activity and an additional 22% indicated having (had) fantasies about it. Interestingly, 12.5% of the total population indicated performing at least one BDSM-related activity on a regular basis. When asked whether they saw themselves as being interested in BDSM, 26% stated this to be the case and 7.6% self-identified as BDSM practitioners. Interests in dominant and submissive activities were comparable and, remarkably, were highly intercorrelated. BDSM and fetish interests were significantly higher in men than in women. The older group (48-65 years) had significantly lower BDSM scores compared with their younger peers. Of participants with a BDSM interest, 61.4% became aware of it before 25 years of age. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: There is a high level of interest in BDSM in the general population, which strongly argues against stigmatization and pathologic characterization of these interests. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: This is the first thorough study concerning prevalence of interest in and fantasies about a wide range of BDSM-related activities in the general population worldwide. Although our findings tend to argue against it, we cannot completely rule out participation bias introduced by non-interest in the non-completers. In addition, some topics might have been subject to interpretation by the respondents. CONCLUSION: Interest in BDSM is present in most of the general population. Further research is needed to destigmatize it by confirming BDSM as a leisurely preference rather than a psychiatric affliction. Holvoet L, Huys W, Coppens V, et al. Fifty Shades of Belgian Gray: The Prevalence of BDSM-Related Fantasies and Activities in the General Population. J Sex Med 2017;14:1152-1159.

O corpo, o dildo, a carne e o fetiche: Preciado com Freud / The body, the dildo, the flesh and the fetish: Preciado with Freud

Aproximações entre a teoria queer e a psicanálise vêm sendo feitas por diversos autores de ambos os campos. Busca-se aqui aproximar algumas ideias de Paul/Beatriz Preciado, apresentadas no Manifesto contrassexual (2002), à noção de disposição perversa poliforma de Freud concebida em Três ensaios sobre a sexualidade (1905). O artigo apresenta brevemente a teoria queer, o posicionamento particular de Preciado e o destaque que concede ao dildo como eixo temático de uma análise que demonstra a plasticidade e artificialidade do sexo. Preciado critica a naturalização do sexo através da paródia de relações heterocentradas e de propostas subversivas com relação à utilização do corpo para o exercício da sexualidade. O segundo elemento analisado é a proposta de sexualização total do corpo. No diálogo com a psicanálise, primeiramente se estabelece uma relação entre o dildo e o objeto fetiche. Em segundo lugar, questionase a possibilidade de comparar a disposição perversa polimorfa com a sexualização total do corpo tendo em vista os pontos de partida distintos em ambas as teorias, a saber, o campo pulsional e o discurso heterossocial(AU)

Several authors from different fields have tried to create a dialogue between the queer theory and psychoanalysis. This paper aims to relate some ideas presented by Paul/Beatriz Preciado in the Countersexual manifesto (2002) to Freud's notion of polymorphous perverse disposition conceived in Three essays on the theory of sexuality (1905). This work briefly introduces the queer theory, Preciado's specific positioning and the importance given to the dildo as the pivot of an analysis that demonstrates the plasticity and the artificiality of sex. Preciado criticizes the naturalization of sex through the parody of heterocentred relationships and of subversive proposals related to the use of the body for the exercise of sexuality. The second element under analysis is a proposal of the total sexualization of the body. Dialoguing with psychoanalysis, a relationship between the dildo and the fetish object is first established. Afterwards, the paper discusses the possibility of comparing the polymorphous perverse disposition with the total sexualization of the body, taking into consideration the different starting points of both theories, i.e. the drive field and the heterosocial discourse(AU)

Diversos autores de la teoría queer y del psicoanálisis vienen realizando aproximaciones entre ambos campos. En este artículo se busca comentar algunas ideas de Paul/Beatriz Preciado, presentadas en el Manifiesto contra-sexual (2002), sobre la noción de disposición perversa polimorfa de Freud, concebida en Tres ensayos de teoría sexual (1905). Se presenta brevemente aquí la teoría queer, el posicionamiento particular de Preciado y el énfasis que concede al dildo como eje temático de un análisis que demuestra la plasticidad y artificialidad del sexo. Preciado critica la naturalización del sexo por medio de la parodia de las relaciones heterocentradas y de propuestas subversivas con relación a la utilización del cuerpo para el ejercicio de la sexualidad. El segundo elemento analizado es la propuesta de sexualización total del cuerpo. En el diálogo con el psicoanálisis, primero se establece una relación entre el dildo y el objeto fetiche. En segundo lugar, se cuestiona la posibilidad de comparar la disposición perversa polimorfa con la sexualización total del cuerpo al tenerse en cuenta los puntos de partida distintos de ambas teorías, a saber, el campo pulsional y el discurso heterosocial(AU)

Fetishes and factishes: Durkheim and Latour.

This paper defends the concept of 'fetishism' as an explanatory parameter in sociological theorizing on Durkheimian grounds, while at the same time paying due attention to important insights regarding the role of objects in social life, originating from Actor-Network Theory (ANT). It critically assesses the current critique of the concept of fetishism propagated by ANT protagonist Bruno Latour. Latour and suggests a compromise between these two 'schools'. First, to place the paper firmly in context, I analyse some examples of modern fetishism and outline the themes of the ensuing discussion. Next, I turn to Durkheim, seeking to develop a distinct interpretation of the concept of the social and of fetishism, and then point to some of Durkheim's shortcomings and attempt to make room for Latourian perspectives. Finally, I critically assess Latour's dismissal of forms of social 'explanation' and of the concept of fetishism.