A case series of upper extremity reconstructions utilizing partial ECRB and ECRL tendon autografts.

Sources of autografts such as palmaris longus or plantaris are often limited or absent. We present our experience using a low donor-site morbidity method of harvesting strips of extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus (ECRB and ECRL) as free tendon autografts in upper extremity soft tissue reconstructions. Retrospective chart review identified five patients who received reconstructive upper extremity surgeries using ECRB and ECRL partial tendon autografts from January 2014 to October 2021 with at least a 12-month follow-up period. Mayo wrist scores were calculated to demonstrate clinical outcomes. All five patients (mean follow-up: 21 months) were able to return to regular activities while demonstrating improvements in 6- and 12-month postoperative Mayo wrist scores. There was minimal donor site morbidity and no ruptures of parent tendons following harvest. This study provides additional support for utilizing partial strips of ECRB and ECRL in repairing upper extremity tendon gap and ligament deformities.

Comparative Study of Degree of Great Toe Movement after Complete and Partial Flexor Hallucis Longus Harvest in Free Fibula Flap.

Background The flexor hallucis longus (FHL) muscle is crucial in fine motor control of the great toe but the muscle is often sacrificed in free fibula flap (FFF) reconstruction. The aim of this study was to compare great toe movement between complete and partial FHL resection during FFF harvest to see if FHL can be left behind (without undergoing fibrosis) in situ when bulk is not required at the recipient site. Methods A prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was performed including patients undergoing FFF harvest over a 2-year period. Movement of great toe interphalangeal joint was recorded of operated and unoperated legs in patients undergoing partial and complete FHL harvest and data analyzed. Results There was a statistically significant ( p < 0.05) difference between the two groups of patients. Conclusion FHL can be safely left in situ in patients not requiring bulk at the recipient site as blood supply, nerve supply, and muscle function are not compromised in partial FHL harvest. Further image-based and dye-based studies are warranted.

Factors influencing fumonisin B1 contamination in maize: insights from two production regions in Costa Rica.

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal crop worldwide. Contaminated maize kernels pose a significant mycotoxin exposure risk for humans in Latin America. Fumonisins, the most prevalent mycotoxin in maize, typically occur during pre-harvest conditions leading to significant economic losses. Various factors, including weather conditions, may influence this contamination. This study aimed to determine the association between fumonisin B1 (FB1) contamination, prevalence of Fusarium verticillioides, weather conditions and kernel quality in the two primary maize production areas in Costa Rica (Brunca and Chorotega). All maize samples (100%) showed FB1 contamination, with higher concentrations in samples from Brunca region, consistent with the presence of F. verticilliodes. Weather conditions appeared to play an important role in this contamination, since Brunca region had the highest mean temperature and relative humidity after maize silking (R1) and the total monthly rainfall in this region was significantly higher during the last two months of maize cultivation (grain-filling and physiological maturity stages R3 to R6). Interestingly, this study found a negative correlation between grain damage and kernel contamination with FB1 and F. verticillioides. The concentration of mineral nutrients in kernels from both regions was largely similar. Most nutrients in kernels exhibited a negative correlation with FB1, particularly nitrogen. Zinc and phosphorus were the only nutrients in kernels showing a positive correlation with FB1 in samples from the Brunca region. The results highlight elevated levels of FB1 contamination in maize and contribute to a better understanding of pre-harvest factors influencing FB1 contamination in tropical conditions.

Green synthesized silver nanoparticles, a sustainable approach for fruit and vegetable preservation: An overview.

Nanotechnology in which silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have received more interest in fruits and vegetables (FaV) preservation due to their anti-microorganism properties. There are various approaches to synthesizing AgNPs, in which biological reduction, especially plant extraction containing bioactive compounds, is considered non-toxic, eco-friendly, and economically viable. AgNPs can be applied for FaV preservation by immersing or incorporating AgNPs into the edible coating or wrapper film. Depending on the type of coating and the kind of FaV, choosing the coating components is necessary to ensure the anti-microorganism ability and improve preservation efficiency. This review highlights green-synthesized AgNPs for preserving FaV. The study covered the materials employed in the green synthesis of AgNPs, their effectiveness against microorganisms, the influence of AgNPs on film structure, safety properties, and various preservation strategies. Using plant or bacterial-synthesized AgNPs in edible coatings offers a sustainable approach to enhance safety, edibility, environmental friendliness, and FaV quality during storage.

Effect of post-harvest storage on the chemical and microstructural characteristics of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

Hard to cook is a textural defect that affects the nutritional quality of beans stored under adverse temperature and humidity conditions. This defect is related to intrinsic characteristics such as seed coat thickness, composition and microstructure. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the chemical and microstructural characteristics of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) during 270 days of post-harvest storage at 30 °C and 70% relative humidity. Microstructural analysis revealed alteration of the cotyledon cell wall and seed coat affecting seed viability and restricting seedling emergence. The seed coat thickness contraction from 105.79 µm to 97.35 µm (270 days). Changes are related with the protein bodies migration from cotyledons to seed coat. An increase in neutral detergent fiber and the presence of CaOx crystals were observed, which confer rigidity to the seed coat and affect water diffusion after 150 days causing permeability changes that contributed to seed hardening.

Hydrogen peroxide and salt stress in radish: effects on growth, physiology, and root quality.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a central role in responses to salt stress, a major abiotic stress that impacts crop yield worldwide. Despite the evidence that H2O2 mitigates salt stress and improves post-harvest quality on several species, its effects on radish were not investigated so far. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the exogenous application of H2O2 on salt stress mitigation of radish growth, physiology, and post-harvest quality. For this, radish plants were grown in pots for 30 days, being watered with non-saline (0.31 dS m-1) or saline water (120 mM NaCl, 12.25 dS m-1). Plants were leaf-sprayed weekly with water (control - 0 µM H2O2) or H2O2 (150 or 1500 µM) solutions. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 × 2 factorial scheme (H2O2 treatments × salt stress conditions). The growth, physiology (gas exchanges, photochemical efficiency, relative water content, electrolyte leakage, and the contents of chlorophylls and carotenoids), and post-harvest attributes of globular roots (color, anthocyanins, vitamin C, phenolic compounds, and soluble solids) were determined. Salt stress decreased gas exchanges and increased electrolyte leakage, which resulted in stunted radish growth, and increased the contents of antioxidants, such as anthocyanins, soluble solids, and vitamin C, improving globular root quality. Conversely, H2O2 did not mitigate salt stress effects on radish growth, photosynthetic capacity, and oxidative damages. Although H2O2 increased vitamin C under non-stressed condition, it was decreased under salt stress. Thus, we conclude that H2O2 did not mitigate salt stress on radish growth and quality. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01476-z.

Natural variations in MdNAC18 exert major genetic effect on apple fruit harvest date by regulating ethylene biosynthesis genes.

Dissecting the genetic control of apple fruit harvest date (AFHD) into multiple Mendelian factors poses a significant challenge in modern genetics. Here, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for AFHD was fine-mapped to the NAC transcription factor (TF) MdNAC18 within the interval defined by the overlap of QTLs Z03.5/Z03.6 and F03.2/F03.3. One direct target of MdNAC18 is the ethylene biosynthesis gene MdACO1. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) SNP517 and SNP958 in the MdNAC18 coding sequence modulated activation of MdACO1 by MdNAC18. SNP1229 in the MdACO1 promoter destroyed the MdNAC18 binding site and thus abolished MdNAC18 binding. SNP517 and SNP958 also affected MdNAC18 activation of the TF gene MdARF5; MdARF5 activates the ethylene biosynthesis gene MdACS1. SNP517 and SNP958 in MdNAC18, SNP1229 and SNP769 (linked to InDel62) in MdACO1, and InDel162 in MdACS1 constituted a genetic variation network. The genetic effect of this network on AFHD was estimated as 60.3 d, accounting for 52.6% of the phenotype variation of the training population. The joint effects of these polymorphisms increased the accuracy of a genomics-assisted prediction (GAP) model for AFHD (r = 0.7125). Together, our results suggest that genetic variation in MdNAC18 affects AFHD by modulating ethylene biosynthesis and provide an optimized GAP model for apple breeding.

Optimizing the quality of horticultural crop: insights into pre-harvest practices in controlled environment agriculture.

In modern agriculture, Controlled environment agriculture (CEA) stands out as a contemporary production mode that leverages precise control over environmental conditions such as nutrient, temperature, light, and other factors to achieve efficient and high-quality agricultural production. Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of manipulating these environmental factors in the short period before harvest to enhance crop yield and quality in CEA. This comprehensive review aims to provide insight into various pre-harvest practices employed in CEA, including nutrient deprivation, nutrient supply, manipulation of the light environment, and the application of exogenous hormones, with the objective of improving yield and quality in horticultural crops. Additionally, we propose an intelligent pre-harvest management system to cultivate high-quality horticultural crops. This system integrates sensor technology, data analysis, and intelligent control, enabling the customization of specific pre-harvest strategies based on producers' requirements. The envisioned pre-harvest intelligent system holds the potential to enhance crop quality, increase yield, reduce resource wastage, and offer innovative ideas and technical support for the sustainable development of CEA.

Image processing and impact analyses of terminal heat stress on yield of lentil.

Abiotic factors, including heat stress, significantly impact the growth and development of lentil across the globe. Although these stresses impact the plant's phenotypic, genotypic, metabolic, and yield development, predicting those traits in lentil is challenging. This study aimed to construct a machine learning-based yield prediction model for lentil using various yield attributes under two different sowing conditions. Twelve genotypes were planted in open-field conditions, and images were captured 45 days after sowing (DAS) and 60 DAS to make predictions for agro-morphological traits with the assessment for the influence of high-temperature stress on lentil growth. Greening techniques like Excess Green, Modified Excess Green (ME × G), and Color Index of Plant Extraction (CIVE) were used to extract 35 vegetative indices from the crop image. Random forest (RF) regression and artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed for both the normal-sown and late-sown lentils. The ME × G-CIVE method with Otsu's thresholding provided superior performance in image segmentation, while the RF model showed the highest level of model generalization. This study demonstrated that yield per plant and number of pods per plant were the most significant attributes for early prediction of lentil production in both conditions using the RF models. After harvesting, various yield parameters of the selected genotypes were measured, showing significant reductions in most traits for the late-sown plants. Heat-tolerant genotypes like RLG-05, Kota Masoor-1, and Kota Masoor-2 depicted decreased yield and harvest index (HI) reduction than the heat-sensitive HUL-57. These findings warrant further study to correlate the data with more stress-modulating attributes. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04031-5.

The Posteromedial Approach for Harvesting Hamstring Autografts Results in Fewer Incidents of Saphenous Nerve Injury Compared to the Conventional Anteromedial Approach: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The hamstring autograft can be harvested using various skin incisions, such as vertical, transverse, and oblique incisions, and from different localizations, including anteromedial and posteromedial harvest sites. The aim of this study was to compare studies on the anteromedial and posteromedial approaches for hamstring autograft harvest in terms of clinical outcomes, saphenous nerve injury, infection, operative time, graft length, incision length, range of motion, and patient satisfaction. Methods: Following the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, a search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus, focusing on studies comparing anteromedial and posterior approaches for hamstring harvest. This study was registered with the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023450249). Methodological quality was evaluated using the Modified Coleman Methodology Score. Odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences (MDs) quantified dichotomous and continuous outcomes, respectively. Results: Five articles, involving 405 knees, underwent analysis. Four studies were level 3 evidence, while 1 was level 1. The anteromedial hamstring harvest showed higher rates of saphenous nerve injury (OR, 9.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.19-43.65; p = 0.003) and longer operative times, with an MD of about 13 minutes (MD, 13.33; 95% CI, 0.68-25.97; p = 0.04), compared to the posteromedial approach. The anteromedial method yielded a longer semitendinosus graft, with an MD of about 17 mm (MD, 17.57; 95% CI, 7.17-27.98; p = 0.0009). However, no significant differences existed in range of motion, flexion contracture, unintentional graft harvest, infection rates, and patient-reported outcomes. Notably, the posteromedial group reported higher cosmetic satisfaction, with 92% being very satisfied, compared to the anteromedial group with 80% (p = 0.005). However, overall satisfaction levels were similar between the 2 groups (p = 0.35), with a very satisfied rate of 72% for the anteromedial group and 78% for the posteromedial group. Conclusions: The anteromedial hamstring harvest showed greater saphenous nerve injury and longer operative times compared to the posteromedial approach, along with a longer graft. However, no significant differences were observed in the range of motion, flexion contracture, graft harvest, infection, or patient outcomes.

Phosphorus High-rate application through band placement improved cotton productivity under arid climate.

The plant-available soil phosphorus rate and methods for applying phosphatic fertilizer and soil P-fixation capacity are critical factors for lower cotton productivity in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Hence, a two-year study was conducted in Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI), Multan, Pakistan, to examine the effects of various P rates and application methods on cotton crop output during the growing seasons of 2014 and 2015. Phosphorus was applied in four rates (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1 P2O5) using broadcast, band application, and fertigation methods. Results indicated that the impact of P rates was statistically significant on plant height, the number of nodes, monopodial and sympodial branches, leaf area index, harvest index, and seed cotton yield. The greater P application (120 kg P2O5 ha-1) had a better effect on cotton productivity than the lower application rates (0, 40, and 80 kg P2O5 ha-1). The band application responded better on nodes plant-1, sympodial branches plant-1, boll weight, leaf area index, lint yield, and harvest during the growing season 2015. Therefore, by adopting the band application coupled with 120 kg P2O5 ha-1 rather than the conventional method of broadcast, productivity of cotton crops could be increased.

Engineering Shewanella oneidensis-Carbon Felt Biohybrid Electrode Decorated with Bacterial Cellulose Aerogel-Electropolymerized Anthraquinone to Boost Energy and Chemicals Production.

Interfacial electron transfer between electroactive microorganisms (EAMs) and electrodes underlies a wide range of bio-electrochemical systems with diverse applications. However, the electron transfer rate at the biotic-electrode interface remains low due to high transmembrane and cell-electrode interfacial electron transfer resistance. Herein, a modular engineering strategy is adopted to construct a Shewanella oneidensis-carbon felt biohybrid electrode decorated with bacterial cellulose aerogel-electropolymerized anthraquinone to boost cell-electrode interfacial electron transfer. First, a heterologous riboflavin synthesis and secretion pathway is constructed to increase flavin-mediated transmembrane electron transfer. Second, outer membrane c-Cyts OmcF is screened and optimized via protein engineering strategy to accelerate contacted-based transmembrane electron transfer. Third, a S. oneidensis-carbon felt biohybrid electrode decorated with bacterial cellulose aerogel and electropolymerized anthraquinone is constructed to boost the interfacial electron transfer. As a result, the internal resistance decreased to 42 Ω, 480.8-fold lower than that of the wild-type (WT) S. oneidensis MR-1. The maximum power density reached 4286.6 ± 202.1 mW m-2, 72.8-fold higher than that of WT. Lastly, the engineered biohybrid electrode exhibited superior abilities for bioelectricity harvest, Cr6+ reduction, and CO2 reduction. This study showed that enhancing transmembrane and cell-electrode interfacial electron transfer is a promising way to increase the extracellular electron transfer of EAMs.

Dissipation kinetics and risk assessment of residues of combination product of two fungicides, fluxapyroxad, and pyraclostrobin in cumin.

Supervised field trial studies were conducted to understand dissipation kinetics and harvest time residues of a combination product of fluxapyroxad and pyraclostrobin in cumin plant/leaves and seeds at different locations in India. The results showed initial accumulation of fluxapyroxad at the levels of 15.4 and 20.2 mg kg-1 and pyraclostrobin at the level of 21.2 and 33.4 mg kg-1 in cumin leaves/plant in Anand, Gujarat. Fluxapyroxad and pyraclostrobin followed zero-order and first-order dissipation kinetics in cumin plant/leaves samples respectively. The residues translocated to cumin seeds. As the hazard quotient (HQ) was <1 in all cases consumer health risk may be negligible.

Assessment of the USDA Biomass Harvest Trap (USDA-BHT) device as an insect harvest and mosquito surveillance tool.

Insects are a promising source of high-quality protein, and the insect farming industry will lead to higher sustainability when it overcomes scaling up, cost effectiveness, and automation. In contrast to insect farming (raising and breeding insects as livestock), wild insect harvesting (collecting agricultural insect pests), may constitute a simple sustainable animal protein supplementation strategy. For wild harvest to be successful sufficient insect biomass needs to be collected while simultaneously avoiding the collection of nontarget insects. We assessed the performance of the USDA Biomass Harvest Trap (USDA-BHT) device to collect flying insect biomass and as a mosquito surveillance tool. The USDA-BHT device was compared to other suction traps commonly used for mosquito surveillance (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps, Encephalitis virus surveillance traps, and Biogents Sentinel traps). The insect biomass harvested in the USDA-BHT was statistically higher than the one harvested in the other traps, however the mosquito collections between traps were not statistically significantly different. The USDA-BHT collected some beneficial insects, although it was observed that their collection was minimized at night. These findings coupled with the fact that sorting time to separate the mosquitoes from the other collected insects was significantly longer for the USDA-BHT, indicate that the use of this device for insect biomass collection conflicts with its use as an efficient mosquito surveillance tool. Nevertheless, the device efficiently collected insect biomass, and thus can be used to generate an alternative protein source for animal feed.

TFL Perforator Flap Complementing and Completing the ALT-AMT Flap Axis.

Background Anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is the most common soft tissue flap used for microvascular reconstruction of head and neck. Its harvest is associated with some unpredictability due to variability in perforator characteristics, injury or unfavorable configuration for complex defects. Anteromedial thigh (AMT) flap is an option, but the low incidence and thickness restrict its utility. Tensor fascia lata (TFL) perforator (TFLP) flap is an excellent option to complement ALT. Its perforator is consistent, robust, in vicinity, and lends itself with the ALT perforator. Methods This study was an analysis of 29 cases with a free flap for head neck reconstruction with an element of TFLP flap from July 2017 to May 2021. Results All cases were primarily planned for an ALT reconstruction. There was absence of the ALT perforator in 16 cases but a sizable TFL perforator was available. In 13 cases, the complex defect warranted use of both ALT plus TFL in a conjoint (5), chimeric (5), and multiple (3) free flaps manner. Most common perforator location was septocutaneous between the TFL and gluteus medius. There was complete flap loss in two cases and partial necrosis in two. No adjuvant therapy was delayed. Conclusion TFLP can reliably complement the ALT/AMT axis. Chimeric ALT-TFL can be harvested for large, complex, multicomponent, and multidimensional defects.

Performance of dairy cows offered silages produced from grass swards harvested on either three or five occasions during the growing season.

The nutritive value of grass silage can be improved by harvesting herbage at a less mature growth stage, which in practice usually involves more frequent harvests. This study examined the performance of dairy cows offered grass silages produced from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) based swards harvested at 2 different frequencies during the growing season (3-harvest (3H) vs. 5-harvest (5H)). Thirty-four mid-lactation (av. 147 d in milk) dairy cows (30 multiparous, 4 primiparous) were offered either 3H or 5H silages in a continuous design (21 wk) experiment. Within each treatment cows were offered silage from each harvest (in harvest number order) for a pre-determined number of days in proportion to herbage DM yield at each harvest. Silages were offered ad libitum while a common concentrate was offered to all cows at 12.0 kg per cow/d over the first 15 wk of the study, 8.0 kg per cow/d during wk 16 -19 and 6.0 kg cow/d during wk 20 - 21. Total yield of herbage harvested over the season from within 3H and 5H were 12.6 and 11.2 t DM/ha, respectively. Across all harvests the mean ME and CP concentration of silages were 10.9 MJ/kg DM and 131 g/kg DM for 3H, and 11.5 MJ/kg DM and 152 g/kg DM for 5H. Silage DMI was greater for cows offered 5H silages compared with 3H silages (14.1 vs. 11.7 kg/d, respectively). Cows offered 5H silages had a greater daily milk yield (33.5 vs. 31.9 kg) and ECM yield (37.4 vs. 35.6 kg) compared with cows offered 3H silages. Treatment had no effect on milk fat or protein concentration. Cows offered 5H silages produced milk with greater concentrations of CLA and n-3 fatty acids. Treatment had no effect on mean BW or BCS, or on efficiency metrics such as milk yield or ECM yield per kg of DMI. Molar proportions of VFA in ruminal fluid differed between the treatments, with cows offered 3H silages having higher proportion of total butyrate (15.9 vs. 14.4% of total VFA) and lower total valerate (3.2 vs. 3.7% of total VFA) compared with those offered 5H. The acetate: propionate and acetate plus butyrate: propionate ratios were unaffected by treatment. In conclusion, increasing herbage harvesting frequency from 3 to 5 times per year improved the nutritional value of the resulting silages, and this led to higher silage DMI, milk yield and ECM yield. However, overall production efficiency (ECM/DMI) was unaffected by treatment.

Optimizing forage harvest and the nutritive value of Italian ryegrass-based mixed forage cropping under northwestern Himalayan conditions.

The scarcity of high-quality forage has a significant influence on the productivity and profitability of livestock. Addressing this concern, an investigation was undertaken to assess the effects of distinct Italian ryegrass genotypes, namely, Punjab ryegrass-1, Kashmir collection, and Makhan grass, in conjunction with varying seeding ratios of Italian ryegrass to Egyptian clover. The seeding ratios considered were 100:0 (Italian ryegrass to Egyptian clover), 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75. All possible combinations of Italian ryegrass and Egyptian clover with seeding ratios were set up in a randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. Co-cultivating Italian ryegrass and Egyptian clover at a 75:25 seeding ratio yields the best yield benefit, as determined by the land equivalent ratio. It is noteworthy that in this configuration, real yield loss is higher for Egyptian clover and for Italian ryegrass when the seeding ratio is 25:75. The higher competitiveness of Italian ryegrass in comparison to Egyptian clover is highlighted by the competitive ratio. Notably, the nutritive parameter, crude protein yield, was significantly higher in the Makhan grass-based 50:50 and 75:25 seeding ratio. Results of the study ascertained the compatibility of grass-legume co-cultivation with significantly higher quantity and quality forage harvested under mixed cropping systems whereas Makhan grass as the superior and dominant genotype in comparison to Kashmir collection. The outcomes of this study revealed that the 100:0 seeding ratio, coupled with the Makhan grass genotype, exhibited superior performance in terms of cumulative forage harvest, dry matter accumulation, net returns, and benefit-cost ratio.

Genetic variation for tolerance to pre-harvest sprouting in mungbean (Vigna radiata) genotypes.

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) is one of the important abiotic stresses in mungbean which significantly reduces yield and quality of the produce. This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic variability for tolerance to pre-harvest sprouting in diverse mungbean genotypes while simultaneously deciphering the association of yield contributing traits with PHS. Eighty-three diverse mungbean genotypes (23 released varieties, 23 advanced breeding lines and 37 exotic germplasm lines) were investigated for tolerance to PHS, water imbibition capacities by pods, pod and seed physical traits. Wide variation in PHS was recorded which ranged between 17.8% to 81% (mean value 54.34%). Germplasm lines exhibited higher tolerance to PHS than the high-yielding released varieties. Correlation analysis revealed PHS to be positively associated with water imbibition capacity by pods (r = 0.21) and germinated pod % (r = 0.78). Pod length (r = -0.13) and seeds per pod (r = -0.13) were negatively influencing PHS. Positive associations between PHS and water imbibition capacity by pods, germinated pod % and 100-seed weight was further confirmed by multivariate analysis. Small-seeded genotypes having 100-seed weight <3 g exhibited higher tolerance to PHS compared to bold-seeded genotypes having 100-seed weight more than 3.5 g. Fresh seed germination among the selected PHS tolerant and susceptible genotypes ranged from 42% (M 204) to 98% (Pusa 1131). A positive association (r = 0.79) was recorded between fresh seed germination and PHS. Genotypes M 1255, M 145, M 422, M 1421 identified as potential genetic donors against PHS could be utilized in mungbean breeding programs.

Investigation of the quality of Lu'an Guapian tea during Grain Rain period by sensory evaluation, objective quantitative indexes and metabolomics.

The harvest date is a crucial factor in determining tea quality. For Lu'an Guapian (LAGP) tea, Grain Rain period (GRP) represents a pivotal phase in the transformation of tea quality. The sensory evaluation, computer vision and E-tongue revealed that the liquor color score, B and G values of tea infusion were increased during GRP, while the astringency, bitterness intensities and the R value of the tea infusion were decreased. Consequently, the tea infusion exhibited a greener hue and the taste became appropriate during GRP. Non-targeted metabolomics revealed that the majority of amino acids and derivatives was reduced during GRP. Furthermore, flavonoids, in particular flavonol glycosides, exhibited considerable variation during GRP. Finally, nine metabolites were identified as markers for quality transformation during GRP by PLS and Random Forest. This study investigated the quality of LAGP teas during GRP and filled the gap in the variation of LAGP tea quality during GRP.

Dataset explaining the comparative seasonal crop load and harvest quality of guava upon pruning strategies.

The dataset explained the details on how pruning techniques significantly affected the seasonal variations on fruit availability and edible quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.) under fluctuating sub-tropical weather conditions. The present pruning data also directed a way of enhancing lean season (off-season) harvest without sacrificing the main season yield and fruit quality. In detail, the pruning strategies included branch removal of 0 cm, 15 cm, 30 cm and 45 cm from shoot-tip once a year during spring (early March), monsoon (early June) and autumn (early September) starting with spring pruning. Over two consecutive years (2019-2020 and 2020-2021), the pruning treatments were assigned in triplicates following a randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) where the same plants received the same treatments during observation period. Data on crop load like number of fruits and fruit yield per plant and fruit biochemical traits namely total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total sugars, vitamin C and fruit specific gravity were recorded. To assess the seasonal variations, data collection was performed continuously and grouped at quarter intervals i.e., March-May, June-August, September-November and December-February of the year. Plants under pruning produced greater number of flowers and fruits for superior yield and quality compared to non-pruned plants. Irrespective of pruning techniques, June-August and September-November quarters had superior yield over others, whereas March-May harvests retained utmost fruit quality. Considering pruning time, plants reserved maximum harvestable fruits in June-August quarter under spring pruning followed by March-May quarter for autumn pruning compared to other combinations. Moreover, fruit biochemical attributes were examined the best at March-May harvests under autumn pruning. Alongside, June-August and September-November periods exhibited superiority for yield over others when plants were pruned at 30 cm level, but 45 cm pruning had best yield at March-May quarter. Whether, fruits had notable TSS, sugars, vitamin C and specific gravity obtained during March-May period from 45 cm pruning treatment. June-August was noted to produce inferior quality fruits in guava.