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INTRODUCTION: The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the anti-inflammatory effects of two oral rinse formulations, a commercial oral rinse and an Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum (nanocomposites, NCs) oral rinse, using in vitro assays commonly employed to assess anti-inflammatory activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The anti-inflammatory potential of the oral rinse formulations was assessed using bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation, egg albumin denaturation, and membrane stabilization assays. Diclofenac sodium was used as a reference standard in all assays. The inhibition percentages of BSA denaturation and egg albumin denaturation assays, as well as membrane stabilization effects, were measured at various concentrations of the oral rinse formulations. RESULTS: Both the commercial oral rinse and the Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum oral rinse demonstrated significant inhibition of BSA denaturation, indicating their anti-inflammatory potential. The Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum (NCs) oral rinse consistently showed higher inhibition percentages than the commercial oral rinse, suggesting stronger anti-inflammatory effects in this assay. In the egg albumin denaturation assay, both formulations exhibited inhibition of protein denaturation, with the Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum (NCs) oral rinse showing comparable or slightly higher inhibition percentages. The membrane stabilization assay further supported the anti-inflammatory properties of both formulations, with the Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum (NCs) oral rinse demonstrating efficacy comparable to diclofenac sodium. DISCUSSION: The results suggest that Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum (NCs) oral rinse may possess stronger anti-inflammatory effects compared to commercial oral rinse, as evidenced by higher inhibition percentages in the BSA denaturation assay. Both formulations showed promising anti-inflammatory activity in the egg albumin denaturation and membrane stabilization assays, indicating their potential for mitigating inflammation. CONCLUSION: The Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum (NCs) oral rinse exhibits significant anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, potentially surpassing the efficacy of the commercial oral rinse. Further studies are needed to explore the clinical implications of these findings and to validate the anti-inflammatory properties of the Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum (NCs) oral rinse in vivo.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chlorhexidine (CHX) is considered as a gold standard of antimicrobial rinses. Various herbal oral rinses are available in the market. However, little is known of its effectiveness. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical changes after the usage of herbal oral rinse and 0.12% CHX. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a randomized clinical trial, 76 patients with dental plaque-induced gingivitis were assigned to Group I (Herbal Oral Rinse - Hiora(®)) and 76 patients with dental plaque-induced gingivitis to Group II (0.12% Chlorhexidine-Peridex(®)). Gingival index and Plaque index scores were recorded at baseline and 21 days after scaling. RESULTS: Intragroup comparison in both groups showed that plaque index and gingival index scores were statistically significant after 21 days as compared to baseline. Intergroup comparison showed that plaque index scores and gingival index scores were statistically significant in Group II as compared to Group I. CONCLUSION: When herbal oral rinse was compared to 0.12% CHX, 0.12% CHX mouth rinse effectively reduced the clinical symptoms of plaque-induced gingivitis.