Changes in lipid profile parameters depending on the a1166c polymorphism of the angiotensin II type I receptor gene as a predictor of arterial hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To investigate lipid profile parameters depending the polymorphism of the A1166C I type gene receptor of the angiotensin II as a predictor of arterial hypertension. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The study involved 86 patients with arterial hypertension. The control group consisted of 30 practically healthy individuals. Indicators of lipid metabolism in the blood serum of patients were determined using "Lachema" kits on an analyzer. The the polymorphism of the A1166C I type gene receptor of the angiotensin II was studied by polymerase chain reaction with electrophoretic detection of the results. RESULTS: Results: Higher levels of total cholesterol were found in patients with CC genotype compared to AA genotype carriers ((8.94±0.09) vs (5.18±0.02) mmol/L). The level of low-density lipoprotein in CC-genotype carriers was (7.43±0.03) versus (3.66±0.02) mmol/L in A-allele homozygotes. Triglycerides and very low density lipoproteins were also significantly higher in CC genotype carriers compared to patients with AA genotype. The level of high-density lipoprotein was lower in homozygotes with C-allele than in patients with the AA genotype, and was (0.59±0.12) versus (0.99±0.03) mmol/L. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The presence in the CC genotype the I type gene receptor of the angiotensin II type is a predictor of dyslipidemia. In patients with arterial hypertension, the presence in the C-allele of the I type gene of the angiotensin II type contributes to a significant increase in serum adipokines and a decrease in ghrelin levels.

Statistically verified methods for determining predictors of development of arterial hypertension depending on endothelial nitric oxide synthase T786C gene promoter polymorphism using lipid profile indicators.

Objective. Polymorphism investigation of T786C gene promoter of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS/NOS3) in the arterial hypertension is a promising field for determining the relationship between heredity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, which still remains controversial. The purpose of the study was to investigate the lipid profile, which depends on the NOS3 T786C gene promotor region polymorphism in patients with arterial hypertension. Methods. The study involved 86 patients with arterial hypertension. The control group consisted of 30 basically healthy individuals. The lipid profile in the blood serum of the studied patients was measured by commercially available kits using Biochem FC-200 analyzer (HTI, USA). The allelic polymorphism of NOS3 T786C gene promoter was studied using a polymerase chain reaction technique with electrophoretic detection of the results. Results. An increase at the level of all atherogenic fractions in the blood was found in the group of patients carrying the CC genotype compared with carriers of the TT genotype of the NOS3 gene. The total cholesterol serum level in the group of carriers of the CC genotype of NOS3 T786C gene promoter increased by 33.3% compared with carriers of the TT genotype and it was almost twice as high as the control values. In the group of carriers in the CC genotype of the NOS3 gene, the serum level of triglycerides was statistically significantly higher (2.9 times) than in the group of carriers of the TT genotype. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) serum levels significantly increased in patients with arterial hypertension with the CC genotype by 1.6 and 4.6 times, respectively, compared with the TT genotype carriers. The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) serum level, as an antiatherogenic factor, was statistically significantly lower (by 45.8%) in the group of the CC genotype carriers of the NOS3 gene than in the group with carriers of the TT genotype (0.58±0.06 vs. 1.07±0.03 mmol/l.) Conclusions. The increase in all atherogenic and decrease in antiatherogenic lipid parameters of the lipidogram of patients with arterial hypertension and the deepening of dyslipidemia in carriers of the CC genotype compared with carriers of the TT genotype of the NOS3 T786C gene promoter is crucial in the development of dyslipidemia.

Lipid metabolism and renal function markers in obese adolescents.

AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the relationship of renal function markers and lipid metabolism parameters in obese adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised 76 children aged 11-17 years, hospitalised due to: obesity (group I - 19 children) or obesity accompanied by obesity-induced hypertension (group II - 30 children) or normosthenic children with a diagnosed tension headaches (control group - 27 children). A subgroup with metabolic syndrome (MS - 16 children) was also separated. Renal function was assessed on the basis of: serum creatinine concentration, glomerular filtration rate estimated using Schwartz eqation (eGFR), determination of plasma and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and cystatin C. On the basis of statistical analysis, it was checked whether renal function markers depend on lipid metabolism parameters. RESULTS: In the study groups mean creatinine concentrations were significantly higher and eGFR values significantly lower than in the control group, but they remained within norm. Differences in plasma and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentrations were not significant. Mean cystatin C concentrations were significantly higher in the group of obese children. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the most important predictor was: LDL-C for urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (R2 = 0.42) and TG for eGFR (R2 = 0.44) concentrations in group I; cholesterol for creatinine concentrations in MS group (R2 = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS: Renal function of the obese adolescents included in the study was normal and the associations with lipid metabolism were poorly expressed.

[A case of lipidogram abnormality on post-surgical abdominal drain fluid]. / Un cas d'anomalie du lipidogramme sur liquide de drain abdominal post-chirurgical.

A 63-years-old man with a history of metastatic neuroendocrine tumor of the small bowel was admitted to hospital for laparoscopic lumpectomy. Following surgery, two drains were placed, one opposite the removal of the pancreatic lesions and the other opposite the hepatic lumpectomy site. A lipidogram on the drain fluids is requested for chylomicron, triglyceride and lipase determination.

Supplemental L-arginine improves feed conversion and modulates lipid metabolism in male and female broilers from 29 to 42 days of age.

The excessive accumulation of abdominal fat in broilers is an economic waste. Supplemental dietary L-arginine has been shown to reduce lipogenesis in broilers, but studies on this subject are still scarce. Two experiments were conducted in a 5×2 factorial design, with five L-arginine concentrations in diets (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g/kg) provided to male and female broilers, from 29 to 42 days of age, reared in boxes or cages, with six replicates of 23 broilers per box and six replicates of three broilers per cage, totalling 1560 broilers. Data on performance, carcass and cuts yield, abdominal fat deposition, chemical composition of the breast, lipid profile and liver enzyme activity were evaluated in experiment 1. In experiment 2, the balance and retention of nitrogen, metabolizability coefficients and metabolizable energy of feed were determined and the treatments were evaluated in six replicates of three broilers per cage, totalling 180 broilers. In both experiments, there was no interaction (P > 0.05) between L-arginine concentration in the diet and sex of the broilers for all parameters evaluated. Male broilers showed higher (P < 0.05) weight gain, noble cuts yield, levels of CP and mineral matter in the breast, better feed conversion (P < 0.05) and lower (P < 0.05) malic enzyme activity in the liver and abdominal fat deposition. On the other hand, regardless of sex, the increase in L-arginine concentration in the diet improved (P < 0.05) the feed conversion in addition to reducing (P < 0.05) serum levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the malic enzyme activity in the liver and abdominal fat deposition. In conclusion, male broilers had better productive results than females. However, supplementing the diet of male or female broilers from 29 to 42 days of age with L-arginine at a concentration of 6.87 g/kg represents a nutritional strategy to improve feed conversion and reduce circulating triacylglycerol and cholesterol levels, NADPH synthesis by liver malic enzyme and abdominal fat deposition, without negatively affecting the carcass and noble cuts yield, the amount of nitrogen excreted by the broilers and the energy value of the feed.

Carbohydrate and lipid metabolic profiles of tuberculosis patients with bilateral pulmonary lesions and mycobacteria excretion.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To assess carbohydrate and lipid metabolic profiles of tuberculosis patients with bilateral injuries of the lungs and mycobacteria excretion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Seventy two newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients were examined. Group I - 17 newly diagnosed TB patients who had unilateral pulmonary lesions and had no mycobacteria excretion. Group II - 55 newly diagnosed TB patients who had bilateral pulmonary lesions and mycobacteria excretion. The control group included 20 healthy persons. Fasting insulin level, indices of lipidogram were measured, oral glucose tolerance test was performed. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out by analyzing the contingency tables using the StatisticaBasicAcademic 13 for Windows software package. RESULTS: Results: Tuberculosis patients develop insulin resistance - condition that is a precursor to developing type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorder of lipid exchange - dyslipidemia. Patients with bilateral pulmonary lesions and mycobacteria excretion have the most pronounced disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism compared to patients with limited lesions of the lungs. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: We suppose that mycobacteria excretion and bilateral lesions of lungs may be the markers of the degree of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Relations between serum magnesium and calcium levels and body composition and metabolic parameters in women with fibromyalgia.

OBJECTIVE: Correlate serum magnesium (Mg) and Calcium (Ca) levels with body composition and metabolic parameters in women with fibromyalgia (FM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study compared with a control group paired by age and body mass index (BMI) of adult women diagnosed with fibromyalgia. All participants went through assessment of their body composition through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and had blood samples collected for dosing of Mg, Ca, C-reactive Protein (CRP), lipidogram and glycemia. RESULTS: 53 women with FM (average age 48.1 ± 8.2 years, average BMI 26.6 ± 4.5 kg/m2) and 50 control women (average age 47.1 ± 9.9 years, average BMI 25.6 ± 3.6 kg/m2) participated in the study. Serum levels turned out to have inverse correlation with CRP in the FM group (r = - 0.29, p = 0.03) and with BMI and glycemia in the control group (r = 0.31; p = 0.02 and r = 0.48; p = 0.0004 respectively). Serum levels of calcium correlated with triglycerides (r = 0.29; p = 0.03) in the FM group and with glycemia in the control group (r = 0.64; p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with FM, magnesemia turned out to have inverse correlation with CRP and calcemia had positive association with triglycerides.

Folic acid and melatonin mitigate diabetic nephropathy in rats via inhibition of oxidative stress.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic leads to multiple serious health complications, including nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy is a serious kidney-related complication of type 1 or 2 diabetes that is prevalent in almost 40% of the people with diabetes. We examined whether folic acid and melatonin can reduce progression of nephropathy in rats of type 1 diabetes mellitus by controlling the level of oxidative stress, glucose, lipids, and cytokines. METHODS: Forty-two male albino rats were distributed into six groups, (n = 7 per group). Five of the groups were induced with diabetes by a single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared streptozotocin at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. After the induction of diabetes, the rats were treated with folic acid (100 mg/kg) and melatonin (10 mg/kg) separately and in combination daily for 6 weeks, whereas, the other diabetic group was treated with glibenclamide (5 mg/kg). One of the diabetic groups served as a positive control. One-way ANOVA was used to compare those five subfields ability followed by LSD multiple comparisons. RESULTS: The data indicated that diabetes significantly altered the body weight, lipids and kidney function. Diabetic rats exhibited a significant increase in plasma levels of urea, uric acid, creatinine, sodium, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6), cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). In contrast, plasma total protein, potassium, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) decreased significantly in diabetic rats compared to the control rats. Moreover, levels of renal malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) were significantly increased while the levels of renal glutathione(GSH), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and catalase (CAT) were significantly decreased in diabetic rats comparison to those in the control rats. Hence, diabetic rats treated with folic acid and melatonin alone as well as in combination showed improvements with respect to the indices in addition to a significant recovery observed via histopathology when compared to the diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS: These results revealed that treatment with folic acid in combination with melatonin in diabetic rats was more effective than treatment with either of folic acid or melatonin alone to alleviate the symptoms of diabetic nephropathy.

Relations between serum magnesium and calcium levels and body composition and metabolic parameters in women with fibromyalgia

Abstract Objective: Correlate serum magnesium (Mg) and Calcium (Ca) levels with body composition and metabolic parameters in women with fibromyalgia (FM). Patients and methods: Cross-sectional study compared with a control group paired by age and body mass index (BMI) of adult women diagnosed with fibromyalgia. All participants went through assessment of their body composition through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and had blood samples collected for dosing of Mg, Ca, C-reactive Protein (CRP), lipidogram and glycemia. Results: 53 women with FM (average age 48.1 ±8.2 years, average BMI 26.6 ±4.5 kg/m2) and 50 control women (average age 47.1 ±9.9 years, average BMI 25.6 ± 3.6 kg/m2) participated in the study. Serum levels turned out to have inverse correlation with CRP in the FM group (r = −0.29, p = 0.03) and with BMI and glycemia in the control group (r = 0.31; p = 0.02 and r = 0.48; p = 0.0004 respectively). Serum levels of calcium correlated with triglycerides (r = 0.29; p = 0.03) in the FM group and with glycemia in the control group (r = 0.64; p = 0.0001). Conclusions: In patients with FM, magnesemia turned out to have inverse correlation with CRP and calcemia had positive association with triglycerides.(AU)

Enfermedad hepática por depósito de grasa / Hepatic disease due to fat deposit

La enfermedad hepática por depósito de grasa adquiere cada vez una importancia mayor como entidad y, al mismo tiempo, como factor de riesgo aislado o asociado al síndrome metabólico. Con el objetivo de actualizar algunos aspectos relacionados con esta hepatopatía, tales como su actual nomenclatura y nuevo enfoque etiopatogénico, se efectuó la presente revisión bibliográfica desde una perspectiva clínica, la que incluye datos elementales sobre la fisiopatología y las características de presentación de la entidad, así como las principales armas utilizadas en su diagnóstico, control o terapéutica. Se demuestra, además, que la visión sobre el tema ha cambiado en los últimos años y constituye fuente de investigación en múltiples grupos prestigiosos por las particularidades de su evolución.

The hepatic disease due to fat deposit acquires greater importance as entity and, at the same time, as isolated or associated risk factor to the metabolic syndrome. With the objective of updating some aspects related to this hepatopathy, such as its current nomenclature and new etiopathogenic approach; the present literature review was carried out from a clinical perspective, which includes elementary data on the pathophysiology and the presentation characteristics of the entity, as well as the main tools used in its diagnosis, control or therapy. It is also demonstrated, that the vision on the topic has changed in the last years and it constitutes an investigation source in multiple noted groups due to the particularities of its clinical course.

[The laboratory markers of early metabolic disorders in workers of rubber Articles industry.]

The article presents results of complex laboratory analyses applied to workers of rubber articles industry using biochemical, hematological, immunological techniques. The study established the most expressed and early alterations of processes of oxidative metabolism (decreasing of catalase activity, increasing of level of malonic dialdehyde and uric acid) and indicators of lipid metabolism of blood serum. The increasing of percentage of persons with metabolic disorders related to length of service in industry is established. In examined workers signs of anemia (erythropenia, decreasing of level of hemoglobin) and leukopenia were detected. The imbalance of T-cell component (CD+ CD4+), accompanied by alteration of phagocyte activity and defect of humoral component with increasing of level of IgM and decreasing of level of IgA. The coefficients of diagnostic sensitivity of analyzed laboratory tests were established. The most significant laboratory markers permit diagnosing early metabolic disorders and degree of their expressiveness in workers of rubber articles industry.

Marcadores de respuesta inflamatoria y riesgo coronario en pacientes con artritis reumatoide / Markers of inflammatory response and coronary risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre los niveles séricos de Proteína C Reactiva e índices Apoproteína B/Apoproteína A1, Apoproteína B/LDL colesterol, LDL/HDL colesterol, índice aterogénico, lipoproteína (a) y componentes C3 y C4 del complemento sérico; así como la capacidad predictiva de la proteína C Reactiva, C3 y C4 complemento sobre los parámetros del lipidograma mencionados, se realizó un estudio transversal en pacientes portadores de Artritis Reumatoide y controles sanos de la provincia Matanzas. Métodos: las determinaciones de los parámetros individuales fueron realizadas por método inmunoturbidimétrico y enzimocolorimétrico. El Software estadístico SPSS, versión 18,0 fue empleado para el procesamiento de los resultados. Resultados: la correlación de Spearman detectó asociación de la proteína C Reactiva con los índices ApoB/LDL colesterol y LDL/HDL colesterol exclusivamente en los pacientes, Rho de Spearman= 0,439 (p=0,002); -0,300 (p=0,043), respectivamente; mientras manifestó asociación de esta con el C4 complemento en ambos grupos, Rho de Spearman= 0,355 (p=0,015); 0,376 (p=0,000), pacientes y controles, respectivamente. La proteína C reactiva predijo el índice ApoB/LDL colesterol mediante el análisis de regresión lineal en los pacientes: R²=0,192 F=10,488 (p=0,002), en tanto las proteínas del complemento C3 y C4 estimaron significativamente el nivel de lipoproteína(a); R²=0,170 F=4,396 (p=0,018). Los resultados apoyan la hipótesis del vínculo entre respuesta inflamatoria y predominio de Lipoproteínas de baja densidad más proaterogénicas; así como la posible estimación de marcadores del riesgo coronario relacionados con el metabolismo lipoproteico a partir de los niveles séricos de Proteína C Reactiva, C3 y C4 complemento en pacientes con Artritis Reumatoide...

Objective: evaluate the association between serum levels of C-reactive protein and the indices apoprotein B/apoprotein A1, apoprotein B/LDL cholesterol, LDL/HDL cholesterol, atherogenic index, lipoprotein (a) and serum complement components C3 and C4, as well as the prediction capacity of C-reactive protein, C3 and C4 complement with respect to the above mentioned lipidogram parameters. A cross-sectional study was conducted of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy controls from the province of Matanzas. Methods: individual parameters were determined by immunoturbidimetry and enzymatic colorimetry. Results were processed with the statistical software SPSS version 18.0. Results: spearman rank correlation spotted an association of C-reactive protein with indices ApoB/LDL cholesterol and LDL/HDL cholesterol exclusively in patients, Spearman's Rho = 0.439 (p=0.002); -0.300 (p=0.043); -0.300 (p=0.043), respectively; and an association of C-reactive protein with C4 complement in both groups, Spearman's Rho = 0.355 (p=0.015); 0.376 (p=0.000), patients and controls, respectively. C-reactive protein predicted the ApoB/LDL cholesterol index by linear regression analysis in patients: R²=0.192 F=10.488 (p=0.002), whereas C3 and C4 complement proteins significantly estimated the level of lipoprotein (a): R²=0.170 F=4.396 (p=0.018). Results support the hypothesis about the link between inflammatory response and the predominance of more proatherogenic low density lipoproteins, as well as the potential estimation of coronary risk markers related to lipoprotein metabolism based on serum levels of C-reactive protein, C3 and C4 complement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis...

Parâmetros sanguíneos de vacas leiteiras suplementadas com diferentes fontes de gordura / Blood parameters of dairy cows supplemented with different fat sources

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a utilização de diferentes fontes de gordura nas rações de vacas em lactação e seus efeitos sobre o consumo de matéria seca e as concentrações dos parâmetros sangüíneos. Foram utilizadas 12 vacas da raça Holandês, agrupadas em três quadrados latinos balanceados 4x4 e alimentadas com as seguintes rações: 1) controle; 2) óleo de soja refinado; 3) grão de soja in natura; e 4) sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos (Megalac-E). As concentrações de colesterol total, colesterol, lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL) e colesterol de alta densidade (HDL) foram maiores (P<0,05) para as vacas alimentadas com as rações contendo fontes de gordura em relação à ração controle. As concentrações de uréia e nitrogênio ureico no soro foram semelhantes entre as rações utilizadas, com exceção da ração contendo sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos, que apresentou concentrações menores (P<0,05). O consumo de matéria seca foi menor (P<0,05) nas vacas que receberam sais de cálcio nas rações. Os animais que receberam a ração contendo grão de soja como fonte de gordura apresentaram menor (P<0,05) produção de leite quando comparada às demais rações utilizadas. A utilização de fontes de gordura em rações de vacas em lactação alterou os parâmetros sanguíneos, dependendo da fonte de gordura utilizada.

This study was carried out to evaluate the use of different fat sources in dairy cows rations and its effects on dry matter intake, milk yield and composition, and blood parameter. Twelve Holstein cows were allocated in three balanced latin square 4x4, and fed with the following rations: 1) Control, with 2.5 percent; 2) Refined soybean oil; 3) Whole soybean; and 4), Calcium salts of fatty acids (Megalac-E). The concentrations of total cholesterol and lipoprotein low density (LDL) were higher (P<0.05) for cows that received rations with fat sources, which also causes increased (P<0.05) e concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL). The concentrations of urea and blood urea nitrogen were similar among the rations, except for the diet containing calcium salts of fatty acids, which showed lower (P<0.05). The dry matter intake was lower (P<0.05) in cows that received calcium salts in the rations. The animals that received a diet containing whole soybeans as a source of fat had lower (P<0.05) yield milk when compared to other rations used. The use of fat sources in dairy cows rations influenced the blood parameters, especially for parameters related to lipidogram.