Mapping the migrant diagnostic radiographers in the UK: A national survey.

INTRODUCTION: The international recruitment of healthcare workers remains a UK strategy to manage workforce gaps and maintain service delivery. Although not a new phenomenon, this has been exacerbated by chronic shortages. There is a need to profile the current international recruits and identify individual motivators to understand the opportunities for future recruitment and retention initiatives. METHOD: A UK-wide electronic survey was conducted using the Jisc platform. The survey was promoted using social media and researcher networks. Eligibility criteria were diagnostic radiographers, internationally educated, and currently working in the UK. RESULTS: 226 responses were received. Most were working in England (90.7%) and 58.0% were under 35 years of age. The majority had migrated having moved to the UK since 2020 (63.7%) and the main drivers were career and/or training opportunities. Initial education was in 30 different countries, the highest number originating from Africa and Asia, with a median of 6 years post-qualification experience (IQR 4-11yrs). Despite experience, most were employed in band 5 (n = 72) or band 6 posts (n = 95). 56% had postgraduate qualifications on entry and a third had undertaken postgraduate study in the UK. CONCLUSION: Based on the survey responses, the profile of internationally recruited diagnostic radiographers is relatively young but with pre-migration experience originating all over the globe. They are motivated to work in the UK particular for career progression opportunities. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This study provides an insight into the motivations, demographics and employment patterns of internationally recruited radiographers working in the UK.

Understand nurse's perspectives on communication with Chinese-speaking cardiac patients.

OBJECTIVES: To explore communication experiences, resource accessibility/quality, and communication strategies cardiac nurses use when caring for Chinese-speaking patients. METHODS: In this exploratory qualitative study, nurses were recruited from professional association members and interviewed on communication barriers/facilitators, resource accessibility/quality, and communication strategies used when caring for Chinese-speaking cardiac patients. Transcripts were thematically analysed. RESULTS: Nurses (n = 11) were primarily female (7/11), with 2/11 Chinese-speaking. The themes discussed centred on two areas that created difficulty in communication, including the lack of a common language and uncertainty of the Chinese culture. Dependence on interpreters was highlighted and challenges noted included limited availability and difficulty scheduling, variable quality and approaches, and lack of communication resources leading to a dependence on poor quality materials. Nurses were uncertain about Chinese culture and how to communicate, particularly in relation to family-centred beliefs, mental and sexual health, medication, and diet. CONCLUSIONS: Health communication with Chinese-speaking patients needs to address multiple challenges to be effective. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The findings emphasise the need to optimise interpreting services and provide nurses with cultural competency training and tailored resources to improve their understanding of Chinese immigrants' needs. These recommendations will support nurses to address identified language and cultural uncertainties.

Access of migrant women to sexual and reproductive health services: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The number of people living in a different place from their place of birth is increasing year by year. Although women have always been involved in migratory movements, today they are increasingly doing so independently. Women are migrating from the Global South to higher-income countries. One of the challenges they face is access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. AIM: To identify the policy-level barriers that limit the access of migrant women to SRH services, their consequences, and strategies implemented to overcome these barriers. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was undertaken in accordance with the PRISMA statement. A search was undertaken for articles published between 2018 and 2023 focusing on migrant women's experiences of SRH services. In total, 462 articles were retrieved from PubMed (n = 135), Scopus (n = 94) and Web of Science (n = 233); of these, 28 articles were included in this review. FINDINGS: The most common barrier to SRH services identified in the reviewed articles was lack of information (57 %), followed by language issues (43 %), cultural differences (39 %), economic status (25 %), administrative barriers (25 %) and discrimination (14 %). These barriers led to under-utilisation of maternity services and contraceptive methods. Strategies used by migrant women to overcome these barriers were primarily based on seeking help within their own community or family settings. CONCLUSION: Strategies at institutional level to improve the access of migrant women to SRH services need to reduce existing barriers, promote health literacy, and train health workers to be culturally sensitive and responsive to the needs of migrant women.

O le Fau Gagana: A Samoan Mental Health Nurse in Aotearoa-New Zealand.

INTRODUCTION: This article explores my journey as a Samoan woman who migrated as a young mother to Aotearoa-New Zealand, completed nursing qualifications, later specialising in mental health nursing, and eventually completed doctoral studies. Since July 2023 I have been a Lecturer in the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Environmental Studies, Auckland University of Technology. METHODS: This article uses autoethnographic and narrative methods to collect data from my own life, to explore the experiences of Samoan people in the mental health system of Aotearoa-New Zealand. Criteria for reporting qualitative research was used to prepare the paper. FINDINGS: My story showcases the benefits of having both clinical and cultural understandings in the context of mental health care in Aotearoa-New Zealand. The gap between the rhetoric and the reality of the 'New Zealand dream' for Samoan people mirrors the gap between policy and practice in relation to Pacific strategy plans for mental health care. CONCLUSIONS: By writing about my experiences, I aim to support better understanding of core concerns for Samoan people when they are engaging with mental healthcare services.

Experiences of Male Indonesian Migrant Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic to Post-Pandemic Period in Taiwan: A Phenomenological Study.

INTRODUCTION: The challenges faced by male migrant workers during the pandemic have not been fully understood. This study aimed to explore the experiences of male Indonesian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan. METHODOLOGY: This study used an interpretive phenomenological design. Twenty male Indonesian migrant workers in southern Taiwan were individually interviewed. Data were analyzed using reflective thematic analysis. RESULTS: The migrant workers had conflicting emotions during the pandemic, faced challenges during self-quarantine, lived on board ships, and experienced restrictions on social and religious activities. The workers prioritized maintaining their health to ensure that they would not be easily infected while working. COVID-19 vaccines were made available to migrant workers in Taiwan. The workers had many hopes that they would achieve a better and more prosperous life by working in Taiwan than in their home country. DISCUSSION: Although the 3-year COVID-19 period was difficult for Indonesian migrant workers in Taiwan, Taiwan's policies provided hope for them to endure the pandemic. The results have implications for Taiwan's health care system, labor development, and transcultural health care.

The impact of family urban integration on migrant worker mental health in China.

Background: As China has undergone the processes of urbanization and economic development, a large migrant population has emerged, creating new family migration trends. Family migration brings about changes in urban integration costs and benefits, affecting health investment. Objective: The primary objective of this research is to investigate the influence of urban integration of migrant workers' families on their mental wellbeing, with the aim of offering policy recommendations conducive to the realization of a comprehensive public health strategy in China. Methods: This paper uses multi-dimensional indexes to measure family urban integration, covering economic, social and psychological dimensions, which may consider the complexity of integration. Utilizing a machine learning clustering algorithm, the research endeavors to assess the level of urban integration experienced by migrant workers and their respective families. The analysis discerns three distinct clusters denoting varying degrees of urban integration within these familial units, namely high-level, medium-level, and low-level urban integration. We applied binary logit regression models to analyze the influence of family urban integration on the mental health among migrant workers. Then we conducted a series of robustness tests. Results: The results show that family urban integration decreases the probability of depressive symptoms by 14.6 percentage points. Further mechanism tests show that family economic integration enhances the psychological wellbeing of migrant workers by elevating their income status. Family social integration decreases depressive symptoms by increasing social status. Family psychological integration increases the psychological health of migrant workers by making them more satisfied with their lives. The heterogeneity test shows that family urban integration and its different dimensions have a strong impact on the depressive symptoms of women, first-generation, and less-educated groups. Conclusions: This study finds that family urban integration and its economic, social, and psychological dimensions significantly reduced the depressive symptoms of migrant workers. The results of this study lead the authors to recommend formulating a family-centered policy for migrant workers to reside in urban areas, optimizing the allocation of medical resources and public services, and improving family urban integration among migrant workers in order to avoid mental health problems in the process of urban integration.

Determinants of Mental Health Inequalities Among People With Selected Citizenships in Germany.

Objectives: Mental health is essential for overall health and is influenced by different social determinants. The aim of this paper was to examine which determinants are associated with mental health inequalities among people with selected citizenships in Germany. Methods: Data were derived from the multilingual interview survey "German Health Update: Fokus (GEDA Fokus)" among adults with Croatian, Italian, Polish, Syrian, or Turkish citizenship (11/2021-05/2022). Poisson regressions were used to calculate prevalence ratios for symptoms of depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety disorder (GAD-7). Results: Sociodemographic (sex, income, age, household size) and psychosocial (social support and self-reported discrimination) determinants were associated with symptoms of depression and/or anxiety disorder. The prevalence of mental disorders varied most by self-reported discrimination. Conclusion: Our findings suggest mental health inequalities among people with selected citizenships living in Germany. To reduce these, social inequities and everyday discrimination need to be addressed in structural prevention measures as well as in interventions on the communal level. Protective factors (e.g., social support) are also important to reduce mental health inequalities on the individual and community level.

Health effects and user perceptions of the US Customs and Border Patrol One™ mobile application: A qualitative analysis among asylum seekers at the Mexico-US border.

Background: The number of migrants at the Mexico-US border has increased to historic levels, and frequently changing immigration policy impacts this population as they await entry into the US. This study evaluated the usability and health effects of the Customs and Border Protection (CBP) One™ mobile application among asylum seekers near the US port of entry in Reynosa, Mexico. Methods: We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 20 asylum seekers in Reynosa, Mexico, in February 2023. Our objective was to explore the subjective experiences of migrants, usability of CBP One™, and presence of perceived health effects from using the application. Interviews were conducted until saturation occurred, transcribed verbatim into Word, coded in NVivo using a validated, team-based coding methodology, and analyzed according to internal domains, external domains, and health effects regarding CBP One™. Results: Twenty participants originated from eight countries throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. In total, 18 subthemes were identified among internal, external, and effects domains. Internal themes included a confusing application interface (80%), technical malfunction (60%), and perceived racial bias from the photo-capture features (15%). External themes challenging CBP One™ use included unavailable appointment slots (80%), inequity and inaccessibility (35%), and inadequate internet (25%). Most perceived effects were negative (85%), including worsening mental health effects (40%), exacerbation of pre-existing physical conditions (35%), and forgoing health expenditures to pay for internet (25%). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that asylum seekers at the Reynosa port of entry perceive CBP One™ negatively, with detrimental effects towards their mental and physical health. This study highlights how immigration policy can influence health and suggests that more creative and humane approaches are needed for people seeking asylum at the Mexico-US border.

Responsive feeding practices among Arabic and Mongolian speaking migrant mothers in Australia: A qualitative study.

Establishing healthy feeding habits during infancy is crucial for optimal growth. However, certain parental feeding and cultural practices might hinder the development of children's healthy eating behaviours. This research explored responsive feeding practices among migrant mothers in Australia. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted in their native language with 20 Arabic and 20 Mongolian-speaking migrant mothers with children under 2 years old or currently pregnant. Thematic analysis was conducted using the framework method. Both cultural groups followed a variety of feeding practices, including on demand responsive feeding or structured schedules. Arabic-speaking mothers tended to demonstrate responsive feeding practices more frequently than Mongolian-speaking mothers, except for those using formula feeding, who consistently followed a fixed feeding routine. When introducing solid foods, mothers from both groups often overlooked their babies' hunger and satiety cues, frequently pressuring their children to finish their entire plate. One cited reason for this was the challenge parents faced in identifying such cues. Arabic-speaking mothers often supplemented with formula top-ups after introducing solid foods, due to the belief that breast milk or solid foods alone might not sufficiently nourish their infants. Additionally, some Arabic-speaking mothers used food-based rewards to encourage eating. Mongolian mothers expressed a cultural preference for chubby babies, a potential reason why they may have been inclined to pressure-feed their children. Moreover, both groups reported using digital devices to distract their children during meals. This study highlights the necessity of tailoring future resources and services related to responsive feeding practices to accommodate diverse literacy levels and cultural backgrounds.

The pathologies of migrants who travel by boat documented on imaging.

The migration phenomenon is increasingly common worldwide. It is essential for radiologists to be aware of the endemic diseases of the migrant's country as well as the characteristics of the journey to be able to understand and interpret radiological findings when admitted to our centre. This article aims to use imaging from our centre to describe the most common pathologies that migrant patients present with after long journeys by boat.

Disparities in HIV incidence and mortality rates between Japanese nationals and international migrants before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Japan's national HIV surveillance data (2018-2021).

Migrants often encounter heightened health risks during crises. We analysed the disparities in the burden of HIV between Japanese nationals and international migrants in Japan by comparing new HIV infections, AIDS cases, and HIV-related deaths between 2018-2019 (pre-COVID-19) and 2020-2021 (during the COVID-19 pandemic). Between 2018 and 2021, 4,705 new HIV infections were reported in Japan (2,813 Japanese nationals and 522 international migrants). Additionally, 1,370 AIDS cases (1,188 Japanese nationals, 182 international migrants) were recorded, representing 29.1% of the total. Comparative analysis of HIV incidence and mortality rates between Japanese nationals and international migrants indicates elevated disparities: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the HIV incidence rate among Japanese nationals decreased from 1.8 to 1.5 cases/100,000 people, while the rate among international migrants remained high at 12.8 cases/100,000 people. The AIDS incidence also increased for international migrants from 2.8 to 3.8 per 100,000 people, while Japanese nationals maintained a low at 0.5 per 100,000 people. International migrants living with HIV experienced a significantly younger age at death due to HIV-related illness (coefficient = -11.7, p < .01). The COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated the disparities with more international migrants living with HIV being diagnosed late and with less precise reporting. Investment in more equitable HIV care is warranted.

Chinese Migrant Workers' Financial Security in Old Age-A Cultural Shift From Reliance on Filial Piety to Public Pension.

Migrant workers' retirement in rural China need not mean that they are financially ready for retirement. This study examines which factors influence migrant workers' public pension savings. Using a mixed-methods approach comprising surveys and interviews with Chinese migrant workers from three emigration provinces (Anhui, Henan, and Sichuan), we find that migrant workers with more social support and less spending on children are more likely to have public pension savings than their counterparts. We also observe an age cohort effect for spending on children: The younger cohorts of migrant workers in their 40s and 50s are more likely to spend their savings on children than save for retirement. In the dual process of urbanization and population aging, the emergence of retirement in rural China is reshaping the intergenerational relations such that the culture of filial piety is no longer the sole foundation of old-age financial security.

Labor trafficking of migrant registered nurses.

BACKGROUND: Labor trafficking of registered nurses (RNs) in the USA impedes justice by denying inalienable human rights and equal economic opportunities. Nursing shortages in developed countries, poverty, social upheaval, and government actions influence migration, as do other factors related to determinants of health. Migrant RNs are visa workers, displaced, refugees, immigrants, or asylum seekers. Labor traffickers target vulnerable migrant RNs seeking employment outside their home country. Unlike ethical recruiters, traffickers lure migrant RNs into indentured contracts in work environments that result in health-threatening conditions, long shifts, and exorbitant fines that threaten families with financial retribution. PURPOSE: The purpose of the paper is to raise awareness. METHODS: Authors explain the background of influences and nuances in migrant RN labor trafficking. DISCUSSION: Identifying labor traffickers' deceitful, coercive, fraudulent, and illegal methods, assist organizational approaches for establishing Total Worker Health, trauma-informed care, coordinated community response, and No Door Closed actions when wanting to mitigate or eradicate labor trafficking of migrant RNs.

Intergenerational ambivalence among families with a migrant background caring for older relatives.

Introduction: Europe's population is aging and becoming more ethnically diverse due to migration. The growing number of aging migrants has raised concerns about their future eldercare arrangements and their implications for both families and formal care services. Many older non-European migrants prefer family care over formal, long-term care facilities. Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the family caregiving arrangements for older Pakistani migrants from the Ahmadiyya community in Norway. Methods: This exploratory qualitative study recruited 19 women between 25 and 62 years of age who were family caregivers for older adults. Semi-structured individual (18) and group interviews (2) were conducted in Urdu and English. Findings: Our analysis reveals four main themes: the need to share caring responsibilities with family, balancing personal relations in managing care, lack of privacy while caregiving, and feelings of inadequacy. Conclusion: While rotational care for older family members offers benefits such as the sharing of responsibilities and more privacy, reliance solely on family care arrangements led to greater ambivalence among family caregivers and provoked doubts about the ability to continue caring for older relatives in the future. Our findings highlight the urgent need to establish modes of collaboration with formal care systems to ensure the support and well-being of both older adults and their family caregivers.

Women's use of Swedish health care during the postpartum period in relation to maternal country of birth-A population-based study.

INTRODUCTION: Migrant women are a heterogenous group with both higher and lower risk for pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes compared with women in the receiving countries. This study aimed to investigate women's use of Swedish healthcare postpartum, in terms of hospital stay >48 h, readmission to hospital, and specialized out-patient clinic visits, in relation to maternal country of birth. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A population-based register study including 278 219 primiparous and 367 776 multiparous women in Sweden (2014-2019) using data from Swedish Pregnancy Register, National Patient Register and Statistics Sweden. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate associations between maternal country of birth and outcomes, adjusting for year of birth, maternal age, education, pre-gestational hypertension and diabetes, and healthcare region, presented as crude and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) with Swedish-born women as reference. RESULTS: Subgroups of migrant women had higher odds of postpartum hospital stays > 48 h, particularly women from Eritrea (primiparous aOR 2.80, CI 2.49-3.15; multiparous aOR 2.78, CI 2.59-2.98), Somalia (primiparous aOR 2.61, CI 2.34-2.92; multiparous aOR 1.87, CI 1.79-1.97), and India (primiparous aOR 2.52, CI 2.14-2.97; multiparous aOR 2.61, CI 2.33-2.93), compared to Swedish-born women. Primiparous women from Afghanistan (aOR 1.32, CI 1.08-1.6), Iraq (aOR 1.30, CI 1.16-1.46), and Iran (aOR 1.23, CI 1.04-1.45) had slightly higher odds of hospital readmission, along with multiparous women from India (aOR 1.34, CI 1.02-1.76) and Somalia (aOR 1.24, CI 1.11-1.38). Specialized out-patient clinic visits were most common in primiparous women from Somalia (aOR 1.47, CI 1.35-1.59), Iran (aOR 1.31, CI 1.22-1.42) and Afghanistan (aOR 1.31, CI 1.18-1.46), and in multiparous women from Iran (aOR 1.30, CI 1.20-1.41) and Iraq (aOR 1.15, CI 1.11-1.20), however less common in women from some other countries. CONCLUSIONS: The use of Swedish health care during the postpartum period varied among women, depending on their country of birth. Women from certain countries had particularly high odds of postpartum hospital stays exceeding 48 h, compared to Swedish-born women, regardless of parity and pre-gestational medical disorders. Further studies are needed to determine whether the individual needs of migrant women are being met during the postpartum period or not.

An Evaluation of Living Conditions and Dietary Habits of Seasonal Migrant Agricultural Workers: The Example of Turkey.

OBJECTIVE: The nutritional status of seasonal migrant agricultural workers is negatively affected by problems with working conditions, wages, accommodations, and living conditions. This study aimed to investigate the living conditions, dietary habits, and food consumption frequency of seasonal migrant agricultural workers in Turkey. METHODS: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in July and August 2022 in the neighborhoods of Akçadag district in Malatya Province, Turkey. The sample of the study consisted of 262 seasonal migrant agricultural workers aged 15 and over who came to the region for the apricot harvest. The data were obtained using the face-to-face interview technique via a two-part questionnaire including questions on socio-demographic characteristics, living conditions, dietary behaviors and food consumption frequency. RESULTS: The mean age of the seasonal migrant agricultural workers was 24.16 ± 0.75, and they worked 12.01 ± 0.10 hours per day on average. It was determined 74.8% of the workers had access to clean water, and 50.4% did not think they had an adequate and balanced diet. It was found only 57.3% of the workers had a normal body mass index, 80.2% never ate fish, 53.8% never ate red meat, and 67.2% never drank milk, while only 34.4% were able to eat seasonal vegetables. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study show that seasonal migrant agricultural workers in Turkey do not have suitable conditions in terms of food and accommodations, and their working conditions, wages, and health conditions are inadequate. These deficiencies have a negative effect on workers' quality of life and health status.

Discriminatory, racist and xenophobic policies and practice against child refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in European health systems.

Child refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants who have been forcibly displaced from their countries of origin have heightened health needs as a consequence of their migration experiences. Host countries have a duty to respond to these needs, yet across Europe we are seeing a rise in potentially harmful discriminative, hostile and restrictive migration policies and practices. Research exploring the role racism, xenophobia and discrimination in European health systems may play in child migrant health inequities is lacking. This Personal View seeks to highlight this knowledge gap and stimulate discourse on how discrimination in health information systems, data sharing practices, national health policy, healthcare entitlements, service access, quality of care, and healthcare workers attitudes and behaviours may infringe upon the rights of, and impact the health of child refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants. It calls for action to prevent and mitigate against potentially harmful policies and practices.

Strengthening life-course immunisation in migrant populations: access, equity, and inclusion.

Adult and adolescent migrants worldwide, and those arriving in Europe, are an under-immunised group for routine vaccinations due to missed childhood vaccines and doses in their countries of origin, and their subsequent marginalisation from health and vaccination systems. Declining population-level coverage for routine vaccines across Europe, which has accelerated post-pandemic, places these and other under-immunised populations at even greater risk of vaccine-preventable diseases. However, despite clear guidelines around the importance of delivering 'catch-up' vaccination throughout the life-course, migrants are rarely effectively incorporated into routine vaccination programmes on arrival to Europe. These populations have subsequently been involved in outbreaks, including measles and diphtheria, and are missing opportunities to receive more recently introduced vaccines such as HPV to align them with European vaccine schedules. WHO's new Immunization Agenda 2030 places a renewed emphasis on equitable access to vaccine systems and integrating catch-up vaccination for missed vaccines and doses throughout the life-course. In addition, lessons learned and innovations from the COVID-19 pandemic merit further consideration in the design and delivery of more inclusive vaccination programmes. We describe current gaps in policy and practice around life-course vaccination in migrant populations, key factors that drive low vaccine uptake and coverage, and explore the benefits of participatory approaches to designing and delivering interventions with impacted communities, to define new strategies to advance vaccine equity across the Region.

A Comparative Analysis of Mammography Uptake between Migrant and Non-Migrant Women in Austria-Results of the Austrian Health Interview Survey.

Mammography can reduce breast cancer incidence and mortality. Studies on the utilization of mammography among migrant and non-migrant women are inconsistent. Many of these studies do not take the heterogeneity of migrants in terms of ethnicity and country of origin into account. The aim of the present study was to examine disparities in the use of mammography between non-migrant women and the five largest migrant groups in Austria. The study used data from a nationwide population-based survey of 5118 women aged 45 years and older and analyzed the participation in mammography as a dependent variable. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare mammography uptake between the aforementioned groups of women, while adjusting for socioeconomic and health variables. The study shows that all migrant groups involved tended to use mammography less frequently than non-migrant women; statistically significant differences, however, were only observed for Hungarian migrant women (adjusted OR = 0.36; 95%-CI: 0.13, 0.95; p = 0.038) and women from a Yugoslavian successor state (adjusted OR = 0.55; 95%-CI: 0.31, 0.99; p = 0.044). These findings are consistent with other studies in Europe and beyond, highlighting the heterogeneity of migrant populations and emphasizing the need for a diversity-sensitive approach to health care.

Understanding dementia in minority ethnic communities: The perspectives of key stakeholders interviewed as part of the IDEAL programme.

Future populations of older adults in the UK, those aged 65+, will demonstrate increased diversity in terms of their ethnic identity resultant from the ageing of the post-war migrants from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and the Caribbean. As a consequence, there will be an increase in the numbers of older adults from these communities living with age-related chronic diseases such as dementia. In response to these demographic changes, we need to develop a research, policy and practice agenda that is inclusive and provides evidence for the development of culturally diverse and effective models of service delivery. This requires engagement with three key stakeholder groups: (a) people with dementia; (b) their carers; and (c) the wider community. As part of the IDEAL research programme on living well with dementia, we undertook semi-structured interviews with twelve community leaders, defined as known and trusted individuals active in their respective communities, and six community members (two people living with dementia and four carers). We explored their understandings, experiences, and views of about dementia. Our analysis identified two overarching themes. The migrant lifecourse highlighted issues of not belonging, discrimination and racism. This framed our second theme, the cultural context of dementia, which addressed dementia knowledge and attitudes, service provision and service access, and how being part of a minority ethnic community made a difference to these experiences. Our study highlights how lifecourse experiences of negative hostile social and policy environments and services can be profound and long-lasting and provide a prism through which accessing dementia care is experienced. Our findings argue for the inclusion of diverse views and lifecourse experiences within the context of developing a dementia strategy for research, policy and practice that is appropriate for a multicultural and heterogenous society.