[By the 200th anniversary of friedrich von esmarch (1823-1908)]. / K 200-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya Fridrikha fon Esmarkha (1823­1908).

The world fame of Friedrich von Esmarch (1823-1908) is based on his universal effectiveness as a surgeon and innovative physician. He was primarily a military surgeon, and some ones call him the «Ambroise Pare of Germany¼. He owns numerous ideas in optimizing care for wounded and innovative developments in surgery. Friedrich von Esmarch improved methods of asepsis and antisepsis, anesthesia and sanitation in German hospitals. He is also considered as one of the pioneers in primary care. Friedrich von Esmarch is an author of more than 80 publications including a first aid textbook.

[The academician N. N. Burdenko - the participant of four wars (to the seventy fifth Anniversary of victory in the Great Patriotic War)].

On the eve of the 75th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, one should recall the great neurosurgeon, scientist, organizer of military medical science, founder of prominent scientific school, academician N. N. Burdenko. His first experience as direct participant in warfare occurred in 1904 when he was medical student. He went through four wars being permanently at the front line. He carried out extremely complicated surgery operations, improved medical care and organized evacuation of the wounded. During the Great Patriotic War 1941 -1945, he, being the chief surgeon of the Red Army, headed all activities of organization of surgical care, came out to the troops, trained military surgeons to emergency interventions, developed teaching of wound, developed methods of surgical treatment of blood vessels, traumatic shock, introduced application of antibiotics (penicillin and gramicidin), developed methods of surgical treatment of oncologic diseases of central and vegetative nervous system, improved technique of surgical interventions on spinal cord roots as well as on cerebellum, bulbectomy operations, etc. The academician N. N. Burdenko as Stalin Prize laureate, became one of founders and the first President of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. The contribution of academician N. N. Burdenko in the cause of victory in The Great Patriotic War is priceless.

[The contribution of M. N. Akhutin in field surgery (to the 75th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic war)].

The article is devoted to M. N. Akhutin (1899-1848), one of the founders of the Russian military field surgery, lieutenant general of the medical service, professor, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of medical Sciences, chief of the Military medical Academy (1940-1941). M. N. Akhutin, disciple of V. A. Oppel, was active participant in the battles at the lake Hasan and the Khalkhin-Gol river (1838-1939). During the Great Patriotic War, he was the chief surgeon of the Bryansk, 2nd Baltic and 1st Ukrainian fronts. Since 1945 he was deputy chief surgeon of the Soviet Army. He is author of works on military field surgery. He was the first director of the A. V. Vishnevsky institute of surgery and the head of the department of faculty surgery of the I. M. Sechenov 1st Moscow medical Institute.