A novel electrochemical sensor with NiSx@MoS2 composite for efficient NO2- sensing.

Excess nitrites are potentially threatening to human health, so it is urgent to develop accurate and sensitive methods. The development of sensors can provide early warning of possible hazards and alert people to protect public health. This work presents an NiSx@MoS2-composite with excellent electrochemical activity, representing a key finding for highly sensitive NO2- detection and sensor development. With the assistance of NiSx@MoS2, this electrochemical sensor has excellent quantitative detection performance. It has a wide detection range (0.0001-0.0020 mg/mL) and a low detection limit (1.863*10-5 mg/mL) for NO2-. This electrochemical sensor maintains excellent specificity among numerous interferences, and it completes the accurate detection of different real food samples. Pleasingly, the electrochemical sensor has satisfactory repeatability stability, and potential for practical applications. It would demonstrate tremendous potential in scientific dietary guidance, food safety detection and other fields.

Novel design of nickel cobalt boride nanosheets-decorated molybdenum disulfide hollow spheres as efficient battery-type materials of hybrid supercapacitors.

Transition metal borides (TMBs) with high theoretical capacitances and excellent electronic properties have attracted much attention as a promising active material of supercapacitors (SCs). However, TMB nanoparticles are prone to conduct self-aggregation, which significantly deteriorates the electrochemical performance and structural stability. To address the severe self-aggregation in TMBs and improve the active material utilization, it is imperative to provide a conductive substrate that promotes the dispersion of TMB during growths. In this work, sheet-like nickel cobalt boride (NCB) was grown on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) hollow spheres (H-MoS2) by using simple template growth and chemical reduction methods. The resultant NCB/H-MoS2-50 was observed with uniform NCB nanosheets structure on the surface of the H-MoS2 and stronger MB bonding. After optimizing the loading amount of H-MoS2, the optimal composite (NCB/H-MoS2-50) modified nickel foam (NF) exhibits a superior specific capacity (1302 C/g) than that of the NCB electrode (957 C/g) at 1 A/g. Excellent rate capability of 84.8% (1104 C/g at 40 A/g) is also achieved by the NCB/H-MoS2-50 electrode. The extraordinary electrochemical performance of NCB/H-MoS2-50 is credited to the unique nanosheet-covered hollow spheres structure for facilitating ion diffusion and versatile charge storage mechanisms from the pseudocapacitive behavior of H-MoS2 and the Faradaic redox behavior of NCB. Furthermore, a hybrid SC is assembled with NCB/H-MoS2-50 and activated carbon (AC) electrodes (NCB/H-MoS2-50//AC), which operates in a potential window up to 1.7 V and delivers a high energy density of 76.8 W h kg-1 at a power density of 850 W kg-1. A distinguished cycling stability of 93.2% over 20,000 cycles is also obtained for NCB/H-MoS2-50//AC. These findings disclose the significant potential of NCB/H-MoS2-50 as a highly performed battery-type material of SCs.

Low loading of Pt on MoB Constructed by microwave Quasi-solid approach with solvent Regulation for hydrogen evolution reaction.

The interaction between metal nanoclusters and the carrier can enhance the electron transfer rate to optimize the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance, but the common synthesis approaches often lead to metal particle agglomeration, and then blocking active sites. Herein, highly-dispersed Pt nanoclusters supported onto molybdenum boride (MoB) is developed through microwave approach with various solvent to regulate the catalytic performance. The synthesized electrocatalyst with the addition of methanol (Pt/MoB-M) exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance towards HER with low overpotential (13 mV at 10 mA cm-2), small Tafel slope (24 mV dec-1), and high mass activity (10.06 A/mgPt at 50 mV). This work presents a novel approach to prepare highly-efficient electrocatalysts for renewable energy-related applications of non-carbon supported low loading of precious metals.

A molybdenum sulfide based nitric oxide controlled release oral gel for rapid healing of oral mucosal ulcers.

Oral mucosal ulcer is the most prevalent oral mucosal lesion, affecting over 25 % of general population. The current treatment regimens lack efficacy in addressing challenges such as wound bleeding, bacterial infection and inflammation on a continuous basis. Hence, a multi-functional oral gel (termed MPCST) with a long-acting duration is designed. It is based on a tannic acid-thioctic acid (TATA) supramolecular hydrogel which absorbs tissue exudate while exhibiting robust tissue adhesion properties. To form MPCST, TATA is loaded with MPCS, which are composed of polydopamine (PDA)-coated molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoflakes (MoS2@PDA) with high photothermal conversion efficiency, nitric oxide (NO) precursor nitroprusside (SNP) and cerium oxide (CeO2) with high reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging rate. Upon exposure to 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, MPCS rapidly heats up and releases NO to promote angiogenesis, while exhibiting strong ROS scavenging, antibacterial (including oral common Streptococcus mutans), and anti-inflammatory properties. Animal experiments show that the MPCST oral gel, composed of MPCS and TATA hydrogel, exhibits superior therapeutic efficacy compared to the commonly used dexamethasone patch.

Confined Mo2C/MoC heterojunction nanocrystals-graphene superstructure anode for enhanced conversion kinetics in sodium-ion batteries.

Heterostructure design and integration with conductive materials play a crucial role in enhancing the conversion kinetics of electrode materials for metal-ion batteries. However, integrating nanocrystal heterojunctions into a conductive layer to form a superstructure is a significant challenge, mainly due to the difficulty in maintaining the structural integrity. Here we report a unique glucose-induced heterogeneous nucleation method that enables the independent manipulation of nucleation and growth of Mo2C/MoC heterojunction nanocrystals within 2D layers. Our investigations reveal that the rGO-Mo2C/MoC-rGO superstructure is formed by a topological transformation induced by subsequent heat treatment of the initial hydrothermally prepared rGO-MoO2-rGO precursor. This novel structure embeds Mo2C/MoC heterojunction nanocrystals within a 2D graphene matrix, providing enhanced mechanical stability, accelerated Na+ transport, and improved electron conduction. Ex situ XRD and Raman spectroscopy analyses reveal that the rGO-Mo2C/MoC-rGO superstructure significantly enhances the stability and reversibility of anodes. Leveraging these unique characteristics, the newly developed superstructural anode exhibits remarkable long-term cycling stability and outstanding rate performance. As a result, superstructure anodes demonstrate superior electrochemical capabilities, delivering a specific capacity of 106 mAh/g after enduring 5000 cycles at 1 A/g. Our study underscores the critical importance of superstructure design in propelling the advancement of battery materials.

Foam separation of radio-molybdenum oxyanions (99MoO42-) incorporated into Co(II)/Al(III) layered double hydroxide using anionic surfactant.

Foam separation of radio-molybdenum oxyanions (99MoO42-) incorporated into in-situ formed Co(II)/Al(III) layered double hydroxide (LDH) particles was applied for recovery of these anionic species from aqueous solutions. The results showed that Co(II)/Al(III) molar ratios of 2 and 2.5 resulted into not only high recovery values for 99MoO42- (R > 0.97), but also high decontamination factor (DF = 33 and 36, respectively). Almost complete recovery was achieved for 99MoO42- coprecipitated with Co(II)/Al(III) LDH in the pH range 9.9-10.5. Ageing time of 5 min was sufficient to completely coprecipitate the concerned anionic species. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentrations in the range 1.5 × 10-3 - 3 × 10-3 mol/L had the ability to efficiently form hydrophobic 99MoO42--Co(II)/Al(III)-LDH particles, where recovery values of about 0.96 were achieved with high DF values. The influence of the coexistence of different foreign anions (Cl-, NO3-, HCO3-, CO32- and SO42-) during coprecipitation process of 99MoO42- and foam separation of the resultant particles was investigated. The suggested strategy in the present study was effectively applied for recovery of 99MoO42- anions from ground water (R ≈ 0.98 and enrichment ratio (ER ≈ 7172) and radioactive process wastewater (R ≈ 0.96 and ER = 3887). Based on characterization of Co(II)/Al(III) LDH using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) before and after foam separation process using SDS and the obtained data, the recovery mechanism of 99MoO42- was proposed.

Water-soluble neutral octahedral chalcogenide tungsten and molybdenum {M6Q8} clusters with P(C2H4CONH2)3 ligand.

Developing the chemistry of octahedral chalcogenide molybdenum and tungsten cluster complexes in the context of applications in biology and medicine, in this work a series of water-soluble neutral cluster complexes [{M6Q8}(P(C2H4CONH2)3)6] (M = Mo, W; Q = S, Se) have been obtained by simultaneous replacement of inner and terminal halide ligands in [{M6I8}I6]2- with chalcogenide and organic phosphine ligands and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopies, elemental analysis, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The amide groups of the organic ligands, on the one hand, contribute to the solubility of the resulting clusters in water and, on the other hand, are able to form an extensive network of hydrogen bonds, leading to the crystallization of the complexes from aqueous solutions. Despite this fact, the complexes have sufficient solubility and stability in aqueous solutions, which made it possible to demonstrate their low cytotoxicity on Hep-2 cells (IC50 were not reached even at concentration up to 4 mM). The resulting clusters are among the most biocompatible of the octahedral clusters studied to date and are the starting point for the development of a new family of X-ray contrast agents.

Molybdenum interferes with MMPs/TIMPs expression to reduce the receptivity of porcine endometrial epithelial cells.

To investigate the effect of trace element molybdenum (Mo) on the receptivity of porcine endometrial epithelial cells (PEECs) and evaluate Mo toxicity and its potential molecular mechanisms, Mo-treated PEECs models were established by incubating the cells with various concentrations of medium containing Mo (0, 0.005, 0.020, 0.200, and 5mmol/L MoNa2O4·2H2O). The results showed that Mo disrupted the morphology and ultrastructure of PEECs, triggered blurred cell edges, cell swelling, cell cycle arrest, and increased apoptosis. At the molecular level, Mo treatment activated the TGF-ß1/SMAD2 and PI3K/AKT1 pathways, causing a significant increase in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-2 protein expression. Accompanied by markedly increased tissue inhibitors matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 and decreased TIMP-1, the balance of MMP2/TIMP-2 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 were disrupted. Ultimately, the receptivity of PEECs was destroyed by excessive Mo, which is revealed by the significant decrease of receptive marker molecules, including leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), integrins ß3 (ITGß3), heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). To sum up, the current study demonstrated the potential toxicity of Mo to PEECs, indicating reproductive toxicity at high Mo concentrations and suggesting that the content of Mo should be evaluated as a potential risk factor.

Vacancies Engineering in Molybdenum Boride MBene Nanosheets to Activate Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism.

The rapid development of low energy dissipation spintronic devices has stimulated the search for air-stable 2D nanomaterials possessing room-temperature ferromagnetism. Here the experimental realization of 2D Mo4/3B2 nanosheets is reported with intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetic characteristics by vacancy engineering. These nanosheets are synthesized by etching the bulk MAB phase (Mo2/3Y1/3)2AlB2 into Mo4/3B2 nanosheets in ZnCl2 molten salt. The Mo4/3B2 nanosheets show robust intrinsic ferromagnetic properties, with a saturation magnetic moment of 0.044 emu g-1 at 300 K, while vacancy-free MoB MBene exhibits paramagnetism. It is elucidated that the Mo-vacancy defect generates large density of states near the Fermi surface and spontaneously spin-split bands through first-principles calculations, which contributes to the non-zero magnetic moment in Mo4/3B2 nanosheets. This work lays the groundwork for activating the magnetic properties of MBene nanosheets by vacancy engineering, offering the possibilities for development of practical spintronic devices.

Harnessing Physical Entropy Noise in Structurally Metastable 1T' Molybdenum Ditelluride for True Random Number Generation.

True random numbers are crucial for various research and engineering problems. Their generation depends upon a robust physical entropy noise. Here, we present true random number generation from the conductance noise probed in structurally metastable 1T' molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2). The noise, fitting a Poisson process, is proved to be a robust physical entropy noise at low and even cryogenic temperatures. Noise characteristic analyses suggest the noise may originate from the polarization variations of the underlying ferroelectric dipoles in 1T' MoTe2. We demonstrate the noise allows for true random number generation, and this facilitates their use as the seed for generating high-throughput secure random numbers exceeding 1 Mbit/s, appealing for practical applications in, for instance, cryptography where data security is now critical. As an example, we show biometric information safeguarding in neural networks by using the random numbers as the mask, proving a promising data security measure in big data and artificial intelligence.

cPMP rescue of a neonate with severe molybdenum cofactor deficiency after serendipitous early diagnosis, and characterisation of a novel MOCS1 variant.

We report the first, and so far, only index patient with neonatal onset MoCD type A who was diagnosed and treated early enough with cPMP to avoid severe brain injury and disability. The child presented with hypoglycemia at the age of 10 h and was diagnosed because of the incidental finding of severely decreased L-cystine in plasma. Due to a high level of awareness and excellent co-operation between metabolic laboratory and clinical services, cPMP substitution could be initiated before severe encephalopathy set in, and the child subsequently had a normal motor development. The child has been continued on daily substitution with cPMP until today (age 7 years) and has shown a satisfying long-term developmental outcome. Long-term follow-up, however, revealed significant communication difficulties and cognitive abilities in the range of mild to moderate learning disability. The severity of the metabolic disease was confirmed by the extent of biochemical abnormalities and further functional characterisation of the underlying genetic variants. This case provides further evidence that cPMP substitution does significantly alter the disease course when applied early enough. Postnatal treatment in this case was not sufficient to enable an entirely normal cognitive development, despite sustained complete normalization of the biochemical abnormalities.

Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Spherical Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride Intercalated Molybdenum Disulfide for the Removal of U(VI), Eu(III), and Cr(VI).

The current environmental problem is the coexistence of multiple pollutants rather than a single pollutant. In this study, U(VI), Eu(III), and Cr(VI) are selected as representatives of the actinides, lanthanide elements, and heavy metal elements for removal study. The hydroxylamine hydrochloride intercalated molybdenum disulfide (HAH/MoS2) was prepared to remove these contaminants. The insertion of hydroxylamine hydrochloride increased layer spacing, which was conducive to the pollutant molecules entering the molybdenum disulfide layer. HAH/MoS2 revealed a spherical shape with a rough surface and relatively high anti-interference. The maximum adsorption capacities of HAH/MoS2 for U(VI), Eu(III), and Cr(VI) reached 104.9 mg/g, 72.9 mg/g, and 81.4 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption mechanism of U(VI) was interlayer adsorption at pH < 6.2 and surface complexation at pH > 6.2. Similarly, the removal of Eu(III) was interlayer adsorption at pH < 5.0, interlayer adsorption and surface complexation at pH 5.0-7.7, and forming precipitation Eu(OH)3(s) at pH > 7.7. The removal of Cr(VI) depended on surface complexation at pH < 4.0 and interlayer adsorption at pH > 4.0. These ions were more likely to be adsorbed between layers instead of at the surface. Compared to U(VI) and Cr(VI), Eu(III) was more easily adsorbed at the interlamination of HAH/MoS2. From the point of view of charge transfer, U(VI) and Eu(III) tended to give away electrons, and Cr(VI) tended to gain electrons in the removal process. This work can offer a new perspective for the design and application of two-dimensional materials for multiple pollutants removal.

Foams-to-Films: A Facile Approach Towards Space-Confined CVD Growth of MoS2.

2D materials have rapidly become the building blocks for the next generation of semiconducting materials and devices, with  Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) emerging as a prefered method for their synthesis. However, the predictable and reproducible growth of high quality, large 2D monolayers remains challenging. An important facet is controlling the local environment at the surface of the substrate - here, space-confinement techniques have emerged as promising candidates. We demonstrate that space-confined CVD growth using microstructured MoOx grown on Ni foam is an appealing approach for rapid growth of high quality MoS2 monolayers; a very important subset of 2D materials. This method eschews the use of powders which can be more difficult to control. By incorporation of a porous barrier in the Ni foam support, the rate of delivery of both the Mo and S source to the substrate is dampened, leading to coverage of large, high quality, mono-to-few layer triangular domains as confirmed by Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies together with atomic force microscopy (AFM) height measurements.

Local Strain Effects on Lattice Defect Dynamics and Interstitial Dislocation Loop Formation in Irradiated Tungsten-Molybdenum Alloys: A Molecular Dynamics Study.

In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to investigate how alloying tungsten (W) with molybdenum (Mo) and local strain affect the primary defect formation and interstitial dislocation loops (IDLs) in W-Mo alloys. While the number of Frenkel pairs (FPs) in the W-Mo alloy is similar to pure W, it is half that of pure Mo. The W-20% Mo alloy, chosen for further analysis, showed minimal FP variance after collision cascades induced by primary knock-on atoms (PKAs) at 10 to 80 keV. The research examined hydrostatic strains from -1.4% to 1.6%, finding that higher strains correlated with increased FP counts and cluster formation, including IDLs. The following two types of IDLs were identified: majority ½ <111> loops as well as <100> IDLs that formed within the initial picoseconds of the simulations under higher tensile strain (1.6%) and larger PKA energies (80 keV). The strain effects also correlated with changes in threshold displacement energy (TDE), with higher FP formation under tensile strain. This study highlights the impact of strain and alloying on radiation damage, particularly in low-temperature, high-energy environments.

Mechanisms of Chemically Promoted Material Removal Examined for Molybdenum and Copper CMP in Weakly Alkaline Citrate-Based Slurries.

Chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) of metal components is an essential step in the fabrication of integrated circuits. Metal CMP is a complex process where strategically activated (electro)chemical reactions serve to structurally weaken the surface layers of the material being processed, and the resulting overburdens are removed under low-force abrasion. Understanding the tribo-electrochemical mechanisms of this process is crucial to successfully designing the consumable materials for advanced CMP slurries that are needed for the new technology nodes. Using a model CMP system involving copper (wiring material in interconnect structures) and molybdenum (a new diffusion barrier material for copper), the present work illustrates a tribo-electroanalytical scheme for studying various mechanistic details of metal CMP. Electroanalytical probes are employed both in the absence and in the presence of surface polishing to quantify the interplay between mechanical abrasion and chemical surface modification. Weakly alkaline slurry formulations are tested with variable concentrations of silica abrasives and a complexing agent, citric acid. The results serve to examine the link between material removal and tribo-corrosion and to identify the functions of the active slurry additives in governing the rates and selectivity of material removal for CMP.

Ag/Mo Doping for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Titanium (IV) Dioxide during Fuel Desulphurization.

Regarding photocatalytic oxidative desulphurization (PODS), titanium oxide (TiO2) is a promising contender as a catalyst due to its photocatalytic prowess and long-term performance in desulphurization applications. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of double-doping TiO2 in silver (Ag) and molybdenum (Mo) for use as a novel catalyst in the desulphurization of light-cut hydrocarbons. FESEM, EDS, and AFM were used to characterize the morphology, doping concentration, surface features, grain size, and grain surface area of the Ag/Mo powder. On the other hand, XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, UV-Vis, and PL were used for structure and functional group detection and light absorption analysis based on TiO2's illumination properties. The microscopic images revealed nanoparticles with irregular shapes, and a 3D-AFM image was used to determine the catalyst's physiognomies: 0.612 nm roughness and a surface area of 811.79 m2/g. The average sizes of the grains and particles were calculated to be 32.15 and 344.4 nm, respectively. The XRD analysis revealed an anatase structure for the doped TiO2, and the FTIR analysis exposed localized functional groups, while the absorption spectra of the catalyst, obtained via UV-Vis, revealed a broad spectrum, including visible and near-infrared regions up to 1053.34 nm. The PL analysis showed luminescence with a lower emission intensity, indicating that the charge carriers were not thoroughly combined. This study's findings indicate a desulphurization efficiency of 97%. Additionally, the promise of a nano-homogeneous particle distribution bodes well for catalytic reactions. The catalyst retains its efficiency when it is dried and reused, demonstrating its sustainable use while maintaining the desulphurization efficacy. This study highlights the potential of the double doping approach in enhancing the catalytic properties of TiO2, opening up new possibilities for improving the performance of photo-oxidative processes.

Molybdenum Disulfide-Based Catalysts in Organic Synthesis: State of the Art, Open Issues, and Future Perspectives.

In the field of heterogeneous organic catalysis, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is gaining increasing attention as a catalytically active material due to its low toxicity, earth abundance, and affordability. Interestingly, the catalytic properties of this metal-based material can be improved by several strategies. In this Perspective, through the analysis of some explicative examples, the main approaches used to prepare highly efficient MoS2-based catalysts in relevant organic reactions are summarized and critically discussed, namely: i) increment of the specific surface area, ii) generation of the metallic 1T phase, iii) introduction of vacancies, iv) preparation of nanostructured hybrids/composites, v) doping with transition metal ions, and vi) partial oxidation of MoS2. Finally, emerging trends in MoS2-based materials catalysis leading to a richer organic synthesis are presented.

Manipulating the d-band center of bimetallic molybdenum vanadate for high performance aqueous zinc-ion battery.

Vanadium-based oxides have good application prospects in aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their structures suitable for zinc ion extraction and intercalation. However, their poor conductivity limits their further development. The d-band center plays a key role in promoting adsorption of ions, which promotes the development of electrode materials. Here, a series of MoV2O8 compounds with oxygen defect (Od-MoV2O8) were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process and a subsequent vacuum calcination process through strict control of the deoxidation time. Theoretical calculations reveal that the abundant oxygen vacancies in MoV2O8 effectively regulate the d-band center of the zinc ion adsorption site. This precise control of the d-band center enhances the zinc ion adsorption energy of MoV2O8, lowers the migration energy barrier for zinc ions, and ultimately significantly boosts zinc storage performance. The specific capacity is as high as 282.4 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.1 A/g, and it also shows excellent performance and outstanding cycle life. In addition, the maximum energy density of Od-MVO-0.5 (MoV2O8 sample deoxidized for 0.5 h) is 343.3 Wh kg-1. Importantly, the mechanism of Zn2+ storage in Od-MoV2O8 was revealed by the combination of in situ and ex situ characterization techniques.

Exome Sequencing of Consanguineous Pashtun Families With Familial Epilepsy Reveals Causative and Candidate Variants in TSEN54, MOCS2, and OPHN1.

Next-generation sequencing is advancing in low- and middle-income countries, but accessibility remains limited. In Pakistan, many members of the Pashtun population practice familial marriage and maintain distinct socio-cultural traditions, isolating them from other ethnic groups. As a result, they may harbor genetic variants that could unveil new gene-disease associations. To investigate the genetic basis of epilepsy in the Pashtun community we recently established a collaboration between Bannu University and the University of Tuebingen. Here we report our first results of exome sequencing of four families with presumed monogenetic epilepsy and Mendelian inheritance pattern. In Family #201, we identified distinct disease-causing variants. One had a homozygous pathogenic missense variant in TSEN54 (c.919G > T, p.(Ala307Ser)), linked to Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia Type 2A. The second individual had a homozygous class IV missense variant in MOCS2 (c.226G > A, p.(Gly76Arg)) which is associated with Molybdenum cofactor deficiency. In family EP02, one affected individual carried a heterozygous class III variant in OPHN1 (c.1490G > A, p.(Arg497Gln)), related to syndromic X-linked intellectual disability with epilepsy. Our small study demonstrates the promise of next-generation sequencing in genetic epilepsies among the Pashtun population. Diagnostic next-generation sequencing should be established in Pakistan as soon as possible, and if not feasible, genetic research projects may pioneer this path.

Insights into the biocompatibility of biodegradable metallic molybdenum for cardiovascular applications-a critical review.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. The gold standard of treatment is the implantation of a permanent stent implant that is often associated with complications such as thrombus formation, vascular neointimal response, and stent fracture, which altogether decrease the long-term safety and efficacy of the stent. Biodegradable metallic materials have become an attractive alternative because of the ability to facilitate a more physiological healing response while the metal degrades. Recently, Molybdenum (Mo) has been considered as a potential candidate due to its excellent mechanical and medical imaging properties. Moreover, the biomedical research studies performed to date have shown minimal adverse effects in vitro and in vivo. However, there are still concerns of toxicity at high doses, and the impact of the biochemical mechanisms of Mo on material performance especially in pathophysiological environments are yet to be explored. Mo is an essential co factor for enzymes such as xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) that plays a critical role in vascular homeostasis and ACD progression. Herein, this review will focus on the biochemistry of Mo, its physiological and pathological effects with an emphasis on cardiovascular disease as well as the recent studies on Mo for cardiovascular applications and its advantages over other biodegradable metals. The limitations of Mo research studies will also be discussed and concluded with an outlook to move this revolutionary metallic biomaterial from the bench to the bedside.