RESUMO
Among 713 equids sampled in northeastern Brazil during 2013-2018, West Nile virus seroprevalence was 4.5% (95% CI 3.1%-6.3%). Mathematical modeling substantiated higher seroprevalence adjacent to an avian migratory route and in areas characterized by forest loss, implying increased risk for zoonotic infections in disturbed areas.
Assuntos
Febre do Nilo Ocidental , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Ecologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/epidemiologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/veterináriaRESUMO
We detected West Nile virus (WNV) nucleic acid in crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) in Zambia. Phylogenetically, the virus belonged to lineage 1a, which is predominant in the Northern Hemisphere. These data provide evidence that WNV is circulating in crocodiles in Africa and increases the risk for animal and human transmission.
Assuntos
Jacarés e Crocodilos , Febre do Nilo Ocidental , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental , Animais , Humanos , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/epidemiologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/veterinária , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/genética , Zâmbia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
During 2016-2018, we conducted surveillance for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in mosquitoes and pigs in Japan, Thailand, the Philippines, and Indonesia. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that our isolates (genotypes Ia, Ib, III, IV) were related to JEV isolates obtained from the same regions many years ago. Indigenous JEV strains persist in Asia.
Assuntos
Vírus da Encefalite Japonesa (Espécie) , Encefalite Japonesa/epidemiologia , Animais , Culicidae/virologia , Vírus da Encefalite Japonesa (Espécie)/genética , Encefalite Japonesa/veterinária , Humanos , Indonésia/epidemiologia , Japão/epidemiologia , Filipinas/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Tailândia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Sea levels are projected to rise in response to climate change, causing the intrusion of sea water into land. In flat coastal regions, this would generate an increase in shallow water covered areas with limited circulation. This scenario raises a concern about the consequences it could have on human health, specifically the possible impacts on disease transmission. In this review paper we identified three categories of diseases which are associated with water and whose transmission can be affected by sea level rise. These categories include: mosquitoborne diseases, naturalized organisms (Vibrio spp. and toxic algae), and fecal-oral diseases. For each disease category, we propose comprehensive adaptation strategies that would help minimize possible health risks. Finally, the City of Key West, Florida is analyzed as a case study, due to its inherent vulnerability to sea level rise. Current and projected adaptation techniques are discussed as well as the integration of additional recommendations, focused on disease transmission control. Given that sea level rise will likely continue into the future, the promotion and implementation of positive adaptation strategies is necessary to ensure community resilience.