Caries and periodontal health status of male inmates: a retrospective study conducted in a French prison.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to describe the oral health status of inmates. The secondary aims were to compare recidivists with first-time offenders and also study the impact of psychoactive drugs on the oral health status. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: This retrospective study included 120 male inmates from a French prison. Data from the medical and the dental questionnaires and examinations were collected and analyzed. FINDINGS: The results showed that overall, the inmates had a poor oral health despite their young age. This population was at high risk regarding caries and periodontal diseases due to sedentary behaviors, improper diet, drug, alcohol and tobacco consumption. In total, 93% of inmates had at least one decayed untreated tooth and 95% had periodontal disease. The use of psychoactive drugs seemed strongly related to oral health status degradation. However, the comparison between recidivists and first-time offenders showed few differences. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The need for periodontal and dental care is considerable in this population and increased in this environment where risk factors such as addictive behaviors and poor eating habits are common. The impact of psychoactive drugs on oral health should also be taken into consideration. SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS: Unfortunately, even though strategies for the prevention and management of oral health in prisons have been put in place for some years, the results still seem insufficient. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: There are still few studies that analyze the impact of this medication on oral health in prisons.

Evaluation of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs of Children with Congenital and Acquired Heart Disease.

Objective: To evaluate the oral health status and treatment needs of children with congenital and acquired heart disease. Methods: This descriptive study included 301 children aged 5-14 from June 2022 to June 2023. Heart conditions were classified by congenital/acquired status and severity. The children's sociodemographic characteristics, medical and dental history, tooth brushing habits, and non-nutritional habits (bruxism, nail-biting, thumb-sucking, etc.) were evaluated. Oral health assessments including caries, oral hygiene, enamel defects, and dental treatment needs-related indices were recorded. Results: The mean age was 8.95 ± 2.91 years, and 271 (90%) of the children had congenital heart disease. The children with moderate and severe heart disease had significantly higher decayed/missing/filled surfaces (dmfs) (p = 0.038) and pulp exposure (p = 0.015) compared to the children with mild heart disease. According to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System II (ICDAS II) index, which included initial caries lesions, there were no caries-free children and 75.7% had extensive caries. The mean plaque index and gingival index were found to be 1.18 ± 0.38 and 0.69 ± 0.53, respectively. Enamel defects were observed in 15.9%. The Treatment Needs Index (TNI) was 85.8% for the primary teeth and 88.9% for the permanent teeth. The Care Index (CI) was 12.4% for the primary teeth and 10.8% for the permanent teeth. Conclusions: Children with congenital and acquired heart disease exhibit a high prevalence of untreated dental caries, gingivitis, and plaque accumulation, with a high need for dental treatments. Dentists should prioritize addressing these issues to prevent the risk of infective endocarditis (IE) and improve oral health outcomes in this population.

Oral health assessment and treatment needs of 12- and 15-year-old children residing in tribal welfare and private hostels - A comparative study.

Background and Objectives: Oral health is an integral part of general health. Providing oral health care facilities and creating awareness about the oral health problem in under-served children and communities may lead to a better oral-health-related quality of life of the individual. The present study aims to assess and compare the oral health status and treatment needs of 12- and 15-year-old children residing in tribal welfare hostels and other private hostels of Bhopal district, Madhya Pradesh. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study consisted of a total sample size of 800 children, 400 in each group (tribal welfare hostel and private hostel groups). Oral health status and treatment needs were assessed using World Health Organization proforma 1997. Oral health behavior including health of teeth and gums, oral hygiene aids, brushing frequency, consumption of sweets in between meals, and present general and oral health was assessed. Utilization of dental services was also assessed using a pre-designed questionnaire, which was completed by the study participants. Results: Statistical analysis was carried out using Chi-square test. Significant differences were noted between the groups in regarding oral health behaviors and visit to a dentist during the past 12 months (P = 0.002*), which were lower in tribal children. Tribal children were having higher dental fluorosis as compared to the private hostel children (P = 0.043*). Decay in permanent teeth (P = 0.006*) and missing of permanent teeth (P = 0.05*) were higher among tribal children. Conclusion: The present study revealed a poor oral health status and treatment needs of tribal children. Tribal children were having higher dental fluorosis as compared to the private hostel children. Decay in permanent teeth and missing of permanent teeth were higher among tribal children. Oral health behaviors and utilization of dental services were lower in tribal children. Good oral health has a definitive influence on general health and thus contributes to self-image and social interaction.

Prevalence of Periodontitis among Thermal Power Station Workers in South India.

The occupational stressors has an effect on overall health and dental health. Oral health is a vital aspect of general health. The current study was performed to assess the periodontitis among thermal power station workers in South India. Pilot study was done for 52 mine workers and based on the periodontal disease prevalence among them, the sample size was calculated as 603 subjects. The data collection was done using WHO 1997 proforma. Among the total study population, about 92 (30%) thermal power station 1 workers and 83 (28.1%) thermal power station 2 workers had pocket 4-5 mm, one (0.2%) thermal power station, 2 worker had pocket 6 mm or more thermal power station I workers, and 23 (7.8%) thermal power station 2 workers had 6 - 8 mm attachment loss. Only 1 (0.3%) thermal power station I worker had 9 - 11 mm attachment loss. In the current study, nearly 70% mine workers had calculus, nearly 30% had pocket 4-5 mm, and only 0.2% Mine II workers had pocket measuring 6 mm or more.

Prevalence of Dental Caries among Thermal Power Station Workers in South India.

Introduction: An increase in the trend of rapid industrialization has resulted in the mushrooming of industries in various sectors throughout the world. This study tries to document caries prevalence among thermal power station workers in South India. Materials and Methods: A pilot study was conducted among 53 thermal power station workers, and based on the same, the sample size was calculated. Results: The caries prevalence was 62.5% in thermal power station I workers and 61.5% in thermal power station II workers. The mean DMFT was 2.96 among thermal power station I workers and 2.87 among thermal power station II workers. Conclusion: The caries prevalence was 79.2% in the 35- to 44-year-old age group, according to the National Oral Health Survey and Fluoride Mapping.

Oral health status of institutionalized older adults receiving domiciliary dental care: A cross-sectional retrospective study.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the oral health of care-dependent institutionalized older adults receiving domiciliary dental care. METHODS AND RESULTS: Dental health records of institutionalized adults receiving regular domiciliary dental care were examined (observation period: 5 years). Relevant demographic and oral health information were extracted. Statistical analyses included descriptive and non-parametric tests (α = .05). Records of 398 nursing home residents (mean-age: 84.9 ± 6.4 years) were included. Average time spent by the residents in the institution was 2.8 ± 1.5 years. The mean number of teeth present and the overall DMF-T score was 14.7 ± 9.1 and 27.4 ± 6.2, respectively. The DMF-T score increased until the 3-year recall, with a significant increase in the number of decayed teeth (2-year: p = .013; 3-year: p = .010). An improvement in the residents' periodontal health was seen during the observation period but was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The findings of this cross-sectional study confirmed that regular domiciliary dental care provision to institutionalized older adults helps maintain gingival and periodontal health. However, the incidence of dental caries might still be a problem that needs to be addressed with effective measures that improve the daily oral care provision to these older adults.

Oral health status of prisoners in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIMS: Given the high prevalence of oral health problems among prisoners, the goal of this systematic review is to provide a better knowledge of the scope of this problem. METHODS: Electronic searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar were performed. Studies that investigated inmates aged 18 or older with oral health problems were eligible. Variables reported in four or less studies were described narratively. Conversely, for variables reported in more than four studies, a meta-analysis was performed using random effect model. Furthermore, meta-regression and sensitivity analysis is also performed to evaluate moderator effect on outcome. Doi and LFT index is applied to assess publication bias. RESULTS: Out of 494 results, 12 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of caries among prisoners is 78.42% (59.48%-92.58%). On meta-regression, the prevalence of caries appears to be lower in studies with a higher male percentage; however, non-significant (p = .079) due to small sample size. Community periodontal index (CPI) scores revealed periodontal disease, with scores of 3 and 4. Moreover, a significant need for oral hygiene instruction, prosthesis, extraction, and tooth ache, periodontal disease, oral mucosal lesions, leucoplakia, attrition, abrasion, bruxism, and smoking behaviors were also reported. CONCLUSION: Poor oral health status in the incarcerated population highlights the urgent need for comprehensive oral health intervention in prisons.

Global oral health initiative: World Health Organization strategic action plan.

Dentistry today is a profession which is facing several challenges: -Oral health is less good than thirty years ago, especially in thelow social-economic level countries and emerging countries. -A reduced or poorly distributed number of professionals, which necessarily implies unequal access to care. -Multiple social determinants which are more and more impacting oral health. To tackle these challenges, WHO launched the WHO Global Oral Health strategy which it goal is to guide Member States to: -develop ambitious national responses to promote oral health -reduce oral diseases, other oral conditions and oral health inequalities -strengthen efforts to address oral diseases and conditions as part of universal health coverage; and consider the development of targets and indicators, based on national and subnational contexts, building on the guidance to be provided by the WHO global action plan 2023-2030 on oral health.

Oral health status among the transgender population of India: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The invisibility of the transgender population within official records, combined with other socio-economic factors, impacts oral health status among transgender people. Hence, our systematic review and meta-analysis aim to generate a pooled estimate of the oral health status of the transgender community in India. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic search was performed across four databases. The studies included a quantitative research design conducted in India and involved self-identified transgender individuals. The pooled prevalence was determined at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Q-statistics and the I2 test were utilized to evaluate the source of heterogeneity. Leave-one-out analysis and Baujat plots were used to detect outliers within the studies. A Doi plot and LFK index were employed to assess the publication bias. RESULTS: A total of 12 studies comprising 1566 transgender participants were included. The pooled prevalence of toothbrush use among transgenders in India was found at 83% (95% CI: 0.73-0.91), smoking = 12% (CI: 0.03-0.26), smokeless tobacco = 53% (CI = 0.38-0.68), dental caries = 78% (CI: 67%-88%), calculus = 65% (CI: 0.4-0.86), and bleeding 18% (CI:0.08-0.32). CONCLUSION: Oral health disparities among Indian transgender individuals are evident in the low toothbrush usage, an elevated prevalence of tobacco use, and dental disorders such as calculus, cavities, and bleeding. Tailored dental health programs that include inclusive healthcare services and awareness are essential. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42023468872.

Validation of an online version of the rapid estimate of adult literacy in dentistry-30 for use by medical and dental students in Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: The need for online adaptations of research instruments became more pronounced amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. This study sought to modify the REALD-30 for online application (eREALD-30) and evaluate its content validity and internal reliability among medical and dental students in Nigeria. METHODS: The eREALD-30 required participants to identify if each of the listed words were related to dentistry by ticking either a 'yes' or 'no' response with the option to mark 'don't know' for words they were unsure about. Scores ranged from 0 to 30. Five oral health experts reviewed the eREALD-30 for cultural appropriateness, while content validity was evaluated by 10 medical and dental students. Internal reliability was assessed with 320 students recruited from 15 medical and dental schools spanning the country's six geopolitical zones. These students also completed an oral health status assessment tool. Data collection utilized an online survey platform. Validity of the eREALD-30 was determined through correlation analysis between eREALD-30 scores and the oral health status assessment tool. Furthermore, binary logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the assocations between participants' oral health status and their oral health literacy, adjusting for age, sex, and level of medical and dental education. RESULTS: Out of the respondents, 178 (55.6%) exhibited poor oral health literacy, while 205 (64.1%) reported having good oral health status. Those with good oral health literacy demonstrated significantly higher odds of having good oral health status (OR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.02-2.54; p = 0.04). However, individuals with good oral health literacy had increased odds of good oral health status after adjusting for confounding factors,, though this association did not retain statistical significance (AOR: 1.39; 95% CI: 0.86-2.24; p = 0.17). The eREALD-30 displayed strong internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.933), indicating its reliability in assessing oral health literacy levels, alongside a high content validity score of 0.90. CONCLUSION: The study finding suggests that the e-version of the REALD-30 was reliable and valid for use among medical and dental students in Nigeria.

Analysis of Oral Health among ADHD-Affected and Non-ADHD Children in Gran Canaria.

A study in Gran Canaria assessed the oral health of 53 children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 106 without ADHD, aged 6 to 16 years. Clinical data on dental caries, conservative treatments, and periodontal health were recorded. The main objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries in children with ADHD and how their habits and behaviors contribute to their oral health status. The results showed that children with ADHD had a significant increase in dental caries, conservative treatments, and gingival bleeding. A connection with diet was found, though it did not have a negative impact. No increase in periodontal index was observed, and no significant relationship with diet, family factors, or breastfeeding was found. The evidence suggests that children with ADHD should undergo frequent dental check-ups to monitor oral health and receive education on the importance of the quality and frequency of tooth brushing. These findings highlight the need to address oral health in children with ADHD and the necessity for adequate dental care in this group.

Comparison of oral health status, oral hygiene management behaviours and satisfaction of patients with fixed orthodontic appliance and clear aligner: A quasi-experimental design.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the overall oral health statuses of patients with fixed orthodontic appliance and clear aligner, as well as their oral hygiene management behaviours and satisfaction. METHODS: We selected 40 participants (20 each with fixed orthodontic devices and clear aligners) who visited a dental clinic. We conducted a survey to determine the oral hygiene management behaviours of the subjects and their satisfaction with their orthodontic treatment. Three measurements were also conducted at 4-week intervals to determine the oral health statuses of the subjects. RESULTS: The Löe and Silness gingival index of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances indicated moderate gingivitis (1.1 ± 0.3), and those with clear aligners had mild gingivitis (0.6 ± 0.4) (p < 0.001). The modified O'Leary index also indicated that the degree of dental plaque deposition in the oral cavity was lower in patients treated with a clear aligner (43.0 ± 18.2 points) than in those treated with a fixed orthodontic (28.1 ± 10.9 points) (p = 0.004). Regarding oral hygiene management, the fixed orthodontic group received scaling more frequently (p = 0.006), received more oral health education (p < 0.001) and had a longer brushing time (p = 0.008) than the clear aligner group. No significant difference was observed in satisfaction between the fixed orthodontic appliance and the clear aligner. CONCLUSIONS: Regarding the oral health status by orthodontic appliance type, the clear aligner group had the advantages of reduction in dental plaque attachment and gingival health. The fixed orthodontic group exhibited better oral hygiene management behaviours. Satisfaction with orthodontic treatment was found to be similar for the two device types.

Oral health status and behaviour among Kanikkaran tribes of Mundandhurai Hills in Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu.

Background: Kanikkaran are semi-nomadic tribes inhabiting Mundandhurai hills in Tamil Nadu. Their traditional method of maintaining oral health, seclusion, ignorance, and limited access to dental resources has led to their poor oral health situation. Thus, the present study is designed to assess the oral health status of the Kanikkaran tribals residing in Mundandhurai Hill of Tirunelveli district. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted among 907 Kanikkaran tribes in Mundandhurai hills. Mundandhurai Hills in Ambasamudram taluk of Tirunelveli district was selected by convenience method. World Health Organization (WHO) oral health assessment form and its self-oral health assessment form (2013) were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using SPSS version 23.0. Result: There is a significant negative moderate correlation between age and dental caries (r = -0.752). There is a significantly high risk among tribes with the primary school of education and agriculture as an occupation for periodontal disease (OR = 3.48), premalignant lesion (OR = 2.52), and non-carious dental lesions (OR = 3.14). Males with primary school education and agriculture as occupation had a significantly higher consumption of sugar and use of tobacco (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Primary school of education with agriculture/labor as occupation had a high prevalence of DMFT, periodontitis, premalignant, and non-carious dental lesions. The results of the present study punctuate the necessity of raising awareness of the significance of good oral health through education and implementation of necessary dental services in Kanikkaran tribes.

A 2-arm randomized controlled study to improve the oral health of children living with HIV in Nigeria: Protocol and study design.

Background: Good oral health is an integral part of overall child health. However, immune-deficient states like the presence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) will compromise oral health and salivary bacterial composition, leading to adverse oral conditions. Nigeria has 1.9 million HIV-positive residents, and 0.2% of incident HIV infections occur among children below 15 years. Aim: This study aims to determine through a randomized control study, the effect of an educational intervention on the oral health status and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of HIV-positive children presenting to five pediatric HIV clinics in Kano, Nigeria. Methods/Design: This 2-arm randomized control study will be conducted in five pediatric HIV outpatient clinics in Kano State, Nigeria over a period of 6 months. Eligible participants will include 172 HIV-infected frequency matched children aged 8-16 years (they can self-implement the oral health intervention with minimal supervision from the caregivers) who will be randomized and allocated into control and intervention groups. The evaluation and oral health assessment will be carried out by five examiners who will be trained and calibrated. Discussion: Our findings will help inform policies to improve the oral health and OHRQoL of HIV-positive Nigerian children and inform the need to integrate oral health care services into HIV programs in similar settings. Trial registration: ClinicalTrails.gov ID: National Clinical Trial (NCT) NCT05540171. Registered on 12th September 2022.

Obesity and Dental Caries in School Children.

(1) Background: Childhood obesity and dental caries are common chronic conditions with multiple contributing factors, linked to negative health consequences and significant expenses in healthcare. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between obesity and dental caries in school-aged children; (2) Methods: Data from 3323 6-12-year-old children from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2016 were analyzed. The NHANES was conducted at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States. The CDC standard was used to define obesity. Dental caries was measured during clinical examinations and summarized using DMFT scores for caries experience and prevalence (dt > 0) for untreated caries. The study examined the correlation between obesity and dental caries using regression models that considered demographic variables, family socioeconomic status, and the child's intake of added sugars as controlling factors; (3) Results: The association between obesity and dental caries was not significant in either unadjusted or adjusted models; and (4) Conclusion: The data indicate that untreated caries and caries experiences are not directly correlated with childhood obesity. There are, however, common causes of poor dental health and childhood obesity: culture, poverty level, lifestyle, and family traditions and habits. Dentists must be aware of factors influencing the development of childhood caries so that they can intervene as early as possible.

Genetic evidence strengthens the bidirectional connection between oral health status and psychiatric disorders: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

BACKGROUND: Observational studies cannot accurately infer the causal associations between oral health status and psychiatric disorders. METHODS: We conducted univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with eight oral health statuses (periodontitis, DMFS, Nteeth, toothache, loose teeth, painful gums, bleeding gums, and mouth ulcers) and four psychiatric disorders (Schizophrenia, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), anxiety and stress-related disorder (ASRD), and Bipolar Disorder (BIP)) as instrumental variables. Genetic data were sourced from the Gene-lifestyle interactions in dental endpoints (GLIDE), UK Biobank, Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC), and Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH). The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) approach, supported by a comprehensive sensitivity analysis, was employed. RESULTS: Genetically predicted mouth ulcers were significantly linked to higher MDD (OR = 2.17, 95 % CI: 1.33--3.54, P< 0.01) and BIP risks (OR = 2.25, 95 % CI: 1.22-4.15, P = 0.01). BIP heightened bleeding gums risk (OR = 1.01, 95 % CI: 1.00-1.01, P < 0.01). These associations were adjusted for smoking status and alcohol consumption. Painful gums were significantly associated with MDD risk (OR = 96.48, 95 % CI: 2.66-3495.28, P = 0.01), while MDD raised periodontitis risk (OR = 2.15, 95 % CI: 1.24-3.75, P = 0.01), both confounded by smoking and alcohol. Relatively small effects between several variables, while others could not withstand correction for multiple tests. LIMITATIONS: The sample size and limitation to European populations limits the study generalizability. CONCLUSIONS: This study provide evidence of possible causal relationships between several oral health conditions and mental illness. Focusing on oral health and valuing mental health are important for each other and overall health.

A Scoping Review of the Oral Health Status, Oral Health Behaviours and Interventions to Improve the Oral Health of Children and Young People in Care and Care Leavers.

BACKGROUND: Children and young people (CYP) in care experience poorer physical health and overall wellbeing in comparison to their peers. Despite this, relatively little is known about what their oral health needs and behaviours are. The aim of this scoping review was to provide a global perspective on the oral health status and behaviours of CYP in care and care leavers. It also aimed to synthesise interventions that have been trialled in this population to improve oral health. METHODS: Five databases were searched, Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), SocINDEX (EBSCOhost) and Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source (EBSCOhost), alongside grey literature sources up to January 2023. Eligibility criteria were studies that (i) reported on children and adolescents aged 25 years or younger who are currently in formal/informal foster or residential care and care leavers, (ii) pertained to oral health profile, behaviours or oral health promotion interventions (iii) and were published in the English language. Thematic analysis was used to develop the domains for oral health behaviours and interventions. RESULTS: Seventy-one papers were included. Most papers were published from very high or medium Human Development Index countries. CYP in care were found to experience high levels of decay, dental trauma, periodontal disease and poorer oral health-related quality of life. Oral health behaviours included limited oral health self-care behaviours and a lack of oral health-based knowledge. The trialled interventions involved oral health education, supervised brushing and treatment or preventative dental care. CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review reveals that CYP in care experience poorer oral health in comparison to their peers. They are also less likely to carry out oral health self-care behaviours. This review highlights a scarcity of interventions to improve the oral health of this population and a paucity of evidence surrounding the oral health needs of care leavers.

Oral Health Status, Behaviours and Oral Healthcare Utilization among Indian Migrants Compared to the Host Population in the Netherlands: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status, oral health behaviours and oral healthcare utilization among Indian migrants living in the Netherlands and how they compare with the host population. Based on a random sample from Dutch municipalities, cross-sectional data were obtained for the Indian migrants living in the Netherlands (n = 148) and the host population (n = 244). A questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic, self-reported oral health status, oral health behaviours and oral healthcare utilization. The distribution of self-reported oral health variables for both groups were tabulated and compared using logistic, ordinal and multinomial regression analysis. When adjusted for covariates such as age, gender, marital status, education, income, occupation and dental insurance, regression analysis for oral health status showed that the odds of reporting oral impact on daily performances (OIDP) was 5.87 times higher for Indians compared to the host population (95%CI:3.45;9.65). In contrast, the odds of Indians reporting bleeding gums [OR = 0.44 (95%CI:0.27;0.73)] and diagnosed with gum diseases [OR = 0.23(95%CI:0.13;0.39)] were lower than the host population. Also, the odds of consuming alcohol and cakes or chocolates was significantly lower among Indian migrants compared to the host population [(OR = 0.15(95%CI:0.09;0.25)] and [OR = 0.33(95%CI:0.21;0.52)], respectively. But the odds of consuming sugar in hot beverages were significantly higher among Indians [OR = 10.44(95%CI:5.99;18.19)]. The odds of Indians visiting a dental professional were 9.22 times (95%CI:4.62;18.40) lower compared to the host population. We found that oral health status and behaviours among Indian migrants were different in certain aspects compared to the host population. However, their oral healthcare utilization remained overall lower. The underlying determinants for such observations merit further research. Migrant friendly approach from both the dental professionals and policy makers can encourage dental visits and improve the utilization patterns among Indians migrants in the future.

Dental care of disabled people: Descriptive cross-sectional study of social and medico-social establishments / Suivi bucco-dentaire des personnes handicapées : étude transversale descriptive en établissements sociaux et médico-sociaux

The first objective of this study, concerning the intervention of a dentist in social and medico-social establishments (SMSE), was to diagnose the oral care needs of disabled people (DP). The second objective was to raise awareness of a prevention and follow-up protocol among caregiving staff. We carried out this descriptive cross-sectional study from October 2016 to October 2018, in twenty SMSEs in Essonne. It involved a cohort of 663 volunteer DP, i.e., over 81 percent of the DP accommodated in these establishments. We analyzed DP's oral hygiene and health indicators, as well as changes in professional practices following simulation workshops, using Pearson's Chi-square test and Cramer's test to assess the existence of relationships between variables and their intensity, respectively. Of the 96 percent of DP who accepted a full screening, three-quarters had dental plaque and two-thirds had gingival inflammation, these pathologies being more frequent in the over-20s (p< 0.001 | Cramer's V=0.26). Only 14 percent had good oral health. Six months later, seventeen SMSEs had recorded dental check-ups in their medical records, and eight SMSEs had introduced brushing after dinner and breakfast, compared with ten and seven respectively before the intervention. This study confirmed the need for SMSEs to carry out dental screening. The involvement of establishments in monitoring the oral hygiene of DP must be strengthened.

Cette étude, menée dans le cadre de l'intervention d'un chirurgien-dentiste en établissements sociaux et médico-sociaux (ESMS), a eu comme premier objectif de poser un diagnostic sur les besoins en soins bucco-dentaires des personnes handicapées (PH). Le second objectif a été de parvenir à sensibiliser le personnel soignant à un protocole de prévention et de suivi. Cette étude transversale descriptive a été menée d'octobre 2016 à octobre 2018, auprès de 20 ESMS de l'Essonne et a concerné une cohorte de 663 PH volontaires, soit plus de 81 % des PH accueillies dans ces structures. Les indicateurs en hygiène et santé bucco-dentaire des PH, ainsi que l'évolution des pratiques professionnelles suite aux ateliers de mise en situation ont été analysés, via le test du Khi-deux de Pearson et celui de Cramer évaluant respectivement l'existence de relations entre variables et leur intensité. Parmi les 96 % des PH ayant accepté un dépistage complet, 3/4 présentaient de la plaque dentaire, 2/3 une inflammation gingivale, ces pathologies étant plus fréquentes chez les plus de 20 ans (p< 0.001 | V de Cramer= 0.26). Seuls 14 % avaient un bon état bucco-dentaire. Six mois après, 17 ESMS ont enregistré les suivis bucco-dentaires dans les dossiers médicaux et 8 ESMS instauré un brossage après le dîner et le petit déjeuner contre respectivement 10 et 7 avant l'intervention. Cette étude a conforté la nécessité de mener en ESMS des dépistages dentaires. L'implication des ESMS dans la surveillance de l'hygiène bucco-dentaire des PH reste à renforcer.

Oral Health Status and Oral Health Risks Among Tribes in Tamil Nadu, India: An Epidemiological Study.

Aim To evaluate the oral health status, self-assessment of oral health, and oral health risks among tribes in Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and methods An epidemiological cross-sectional study was carried out among 880 tribals comprising Irulars and Narikuravars. A multistage random sampling method was carried out to select villages from the Vellore district, Tamil Nadu. A World Health Organization (WHO) oral health assessment form, self-oral health assessment form (2013), was administered to collect details regarding the oral health status, self-assessment of oral health, and risks. Descriptive and analytical statistics were performed. Results Out of the total study population, 76.4% (n=672) were Irulars and 23.6% (208) were Narikuravars. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) score of the total study population ranged from 0 to 16 and the mean DMFT score of the total population was 5.60 ± 3.416. The mean DMFT score was higher in Irulars (6.58±3.992) than in Narikuravars (5.30±3.160). On assessing the periodontal status, a significant difference (p<0.05) has been observed between the subgroups of age, sex, ethnicity, and education. The prevalence of Leukoplakia and Tobacco Pouch Keratosis in the total study population was 3.3% and 1.6% respectively. Conclusion The oral health status of Irulars was poorer than that of Narikuravars. This study highlights the requirement of raising awareness about the significance of oral health and strategically implementing necessary dental care in tribal people living in this region of Tamil Nadu.