RESUMO
El divorcio o la separación conyugal implica cambios en la estructura de las familias y en los arreglos de convivencia que han estado marcados por sesgos de género. Reconociendo la importancia de la implicación del padre en el desarrollo de los hijos y el factor protector que supone en estos escenarios, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura con el objetivo de conocer las variables que se vinculan a la implicación de padres no residentes. Aplicando criterios de búsqueda y selección específicos, se analizaron 14 artículos de investigación. Los resultados reconocen la incidencia de variables sociodemográficas, de residencia, vinculadas a los arreglos familiares y al tipo de vínculo entre los excónyuges. Se discuten las características de los estudios incluidos y las limitaciones de la revisión realizada y se aportan ideas para la investigación del fenómeno vincular en estudio. Se concluye resaltando la necesidad de que las intervenciones psicosociales y/o decisiones judiciales referidas al divorcio consideren los factores que podrían favorecer la implicación del padre, en beneficio de todos los miembros del sistema familiar.
O divórcio ou a separação conjugal implicam mudanças na estrutura das famílias e nos arranjos de convivência marcados por preconceitos de gênero. Reconhecendo a importância do envolvimento do pai no desenvolvimento dos filhos e o fator de proteção que se supõe nesses cenários, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura com o objetivo de conhecer as variáveis que se vinculam ao envolvimento de pais não residentes. Aplicando critérios específicos de busca e seleção, foram analisados 14 artigos de investigação. Os resultados reconhecem a incidência de variáveis sociodemográficas, de residência, vinculadas a arranjos familiares, e de tipo de vínculo entre ex-cônjuges. São discutidas as características dos estudos incluídos e as limitações da revisão realizada e são fornecidas ideias para a investigação do fenômeno de vínculo em estudo. Conclui-se destacando a necessidade de que as intervenções psicossociais e / ou decisões judiciais sobre o divórcio considerem os fatores que poderiam favorecer o envolvimento do pai, em benefício de todos os membros do sistema familiar.
Divorce or conjugal separation involves changes in the structure of families and in living arrangements in which gender differences and biases are notable. Considering the importance of father involvement in the development of children and the length to which it is a protective factor, a systematic review was conducted with the aim of identifying the variables that are associated with father involvement in fathers who do not reside with their children. After considering specific search and selection criteria, 14 primary research papers were analyzed. It was found that there is an incidence of sociodemographic variables, residence, family arrangements and relationship between ex-spouses in father involvement. The characteristics of the studies included as well as the limitations of the review are discussed. Further research areas are analyzed and proposed. It is concluded that psychosocial interventions and judicial decisions around divorce should consider the factors that have been outlined as contributing to father involvement as it could benefit all members of the family system.
RESUMO
This study reports on the development and validation of the Fatherhood Research and Practice Network coparenting perceptions scale for nonresident fathers. Although other measures of coparenting have been developed, this is the first measure developed specifically for low-income, nonresident fathers. Focus groups were conducted to determine various aspects of coparenting. Based on this, a scale was created and administered to 542 nonresident fathers. Participants also responded to items used to examine convergent and predictive validity (i.e., parental responsibility, contact with the mother, father self-efficacy and satisfaction, child behavior problems, and contact and engagement with the child). Factor analyses and reliability tests revealed three distinct and reliable perceived coparenting factors: undermining, alliance, and gatekeeping. Validity tests suggest substantial overlap between the undermining and alliance factors, though undermining was uniquely related to child behavior problems. The alliance and gatekeeping factors showed strong convergent validity and evidence for predictive validity. Taken together, results suggest this relatively short measure (11 items) taps into three coparenting dimensions significantly predictive of aspects of individual and family life.