Technology-based parent school: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the technology-based parent school program. DESIGN: The study was conducted in the well-child care outpatient clinic of a hospital in Turkey. Data were collected between October 31, 2022 and February 17, 2023. The parent school was prepared based on Meleis' transition theory. SAMPLE: Forty-eight parents participated in the study. Parents in the intervention group participated in a 10-week parent school program (five website modules, five online interactive group trainings, and counseling). MEASURES: Data were collected before the program, after the program, and 1 month after the program. RESULTS: There were increases in the mean scores of the "Parent Skill Assessment Form" and "Skills Assessment Form for the Toddler Development" items in the intervention group compared to the control group. The difference between the groups in the mean scores of the Self-Efficacy for Parenting Task Index Toddler Scale (1-3 years) was not statistically significant. However, the difference between the times was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the technology-based parent school training program could guide parents with children aged 1-3 years on child-rearing. TRIAL REGISTRATION: It was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov in May 2022 (NCT05370989).

Parental Identity and Lived Experiences when Parenting a LGBTQIA+2 Child: A Critical Narrative Synthesis of Current Evidence.

PURPOSE: Most LGBTQIA + 2 studies focus on the core sexually and gender diverse population without exploring the peripheral familial perspectives. Current research needs to explore parental experiences of parenting a LGBTQIA+2 child, since parents undergo an identity change after their child's disclosure. This parental identity change may affect parental well-being and add to the existing stress of parenting a LGBTQIA + 2 child. METHODS: This paper uses the identity process theory (IPT) to review 18 studies on parental narratives to highlight the change in parental identity. Databases were searched for first-hand parenting experiences and shortlisted articles were qualitatively synthesized. FINDINGS: We identified six main themes: I) Parental identity change is triggered by a child's disclosure. II) Parental identity change drives parental emotions that evolve from initial anger, shock, fear, concern, grief, etc. to eventual acceptance of their child. III) Parental identity and emotions change, as for any life change process, across assimilation, accommodation, adjustment, and evaluation phases of the IPT. IV) Parental identity change is motivated by continuity, coherence, self-efficacy, belongingness, distinctiveness, meaning and self-esteem principles of the IPT. V) Parental identity influences parental micro-individual, meso-interactional and macro-societal interactions of the IPT framework. VI) Parental mental well-being may be affected across the assimilation, accommodation, adjustment phases of the IPT before eventual acceptance of the child in the evaluation phase. CONCLUSIONS: Parental lived experiences require a stronger consideration today within the wider, non-white, contexts. The effect of identity change on parental mental well-being and its intergenerational effect needs to be explored within the context of the IPT. Parental narratives will contribute towards creating appropriate counselling toolkits and interventions for health care providers and parents of LGBTQIA + 2 children.

Community-Derived Recommendations for Improving Gender Affirmation of Black and Latine Transgender/Nonbinary Youth.

BACKGROUND: Gender affirmation is a process by which gender-diverse individuals are supported in their gender identity. Parents are critical in how gender-diverse youth, including Black and Latine transgender/nonbinary youth (BLTY), access various forms of gender affirmation-for example, social and medical transition. Culturally relevant supports are needed to bolster how BLTY and their parents navigate gender affirmation. PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore recommendations for aiding BLTY and parents in navigating the youth's gender journey. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of BLTY, BLTY, and BLT young adults (BLTYAs) recruited from clinics, community organizations, and social media. Interviews focused on gender affirmation and recommendations to promote BLTY's gender affirmation. Primary and secondary analysts coded transcripts using a priori and emergent codes. For this analysis, excerpts pertaining to recommended supports were analyzed to identify themes. RESULTS: Ten parents of BLTY, 10 BLTY (14-18 years), and 23 BLTYAs (18-30 years) participated. Participants provided recommendations at different socio-ecological levels. On the societal level, participants recommended improvements in media representation of racial and ethnic minority gender-diverse individuals. For organizations, participants recommended more clinicians who shared minoritized identities, clinicians knowledgeable in gender-affirming care, affordability of gender-affirming services, and school-based education regarding gender diversity. On interpersonal/individual levels, they suggested culturally informed peer support among BLTY and parents, including support groups, peer mentors, and camps with individuals who share their minoritized identities. CONCLUSIONS: Participants provided salient insights to supporting gender affirmation of BLTY, which can inform intervention development for BLTY and their families.

Black and Latine transgender/nonbinary youth (BLTY) have multiple minoritized identities as they are both racial/ethnic minorities and are gender diverse. These youth face unique challenges in being supported in their gender identity, and their parents face barriers to supporting their gender journey. Unfortunately, approaches to assisting BLTY and their parents in navigating this journey are poorly understood. We interviewed 10 BLTY, 10 related parents of the BLTY, and 23 Black and Latine transgender/nonbinary young adults (BLTYAs) recruited from clinics, community organizations, and social media. In this study, we explored their recommendations for better supporting and affirming BLTY. These recommendations targeted different areas of BLTY's lives. On a broader societal level, participants advocated media representation of gender-diverse individuals of color. For medical and mental health organizations, participants recommended more clinicians knowledgeable in supporting gender-diverse youth and more clinicians who share similar backgrounds with BLTY. For interpersonal and individual relationships, they recommended peer support groups and mentors for BLTY and parents of BLTY. These comprehensive recommendations from BLTY, parents, and BLTYAs can be implemented to better support BLTY in their gender identity through culturally based interventions in different domains.

Associations between parent and child latent eating profiles and the role of parental feeding practices.

Previous research employing the person-centred approach of Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) with parent-reported data of their child's eating behaviour identified four distinct eating profiles in 3-6-year-old children: typical, avid, happy, and avoidant eating (Pickard et al., 2023). In this follow-up study, the same parents were asked to self-report their own eating behaviour (N = 785) and LPA was conducted to determine the latent eating profiles of the parents/caregivers. The LPA showed that a four-profile solution best represented the sample of parents, termed: typical eating (n = 325, 41.4%), avid eating (n = 293, 37.3%), emotional eating (n = 123, 15.7%) and avoidant eating (n = 44, 5.6%). Multiple mediation analysis was then conducted to examine both the direct associations between parents' eating profiles and the child's probability of eating profile membership, as well as the indirect associations through the mediatory role of specific parental feeding practices. The results suggested direct links between parent and child eating profiles, with the 'avid eating' and 'avoidant eating' profiles in parents predicting similar profiles in their children. Feeding practices, such as using food for emotional regulation, providing balanced and varied food, and promoting a healthy home food environment, mediated associations between parent and child eating profiles. This research provides novel evidence to reinforce the need for interventions to be specifically tailored to both the parent's and child's eating profiles. The work also provides an interesting avenue for future longitudinal examination of whether the parents' provision of a healthy home food environment could protect against intergenerational transmission of less favourable eating behaviours.

Children's oppositional defiant disorder symptoms and neural synchrony in mother-child interactions: An fNIRS study.

Interpersonal neural synchrony (INS) between mothers and children responds to the temporal similarity of brain signals in joint behavior between dyadic partners and is considered an important neural indicator of the formation of adaptive social interaction bonds. Parent-child interactions are particularly important for the development and maintenance of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in children, but the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms are unknown. Therefore, in the current study we measured INS between mothers and children in interactions by using simultaneous functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), and explored its association with ODD symptoms in children. Seventy-two mother-child dyads were recruited to participate in the study, including 35 children with ODD and 37 healthy children to be used as a control. Each mother-child dyad was measured for neural activity in frontal, parietal, and temporal lobe regions while completing free-play as well as positive, and negative topic discussion tasks. We used Phase-locked value to calculate the synchrony strength and then used the K-means algorithm and k-space based alignment tests to confirm the specific patterns of parent-child synchrony in different brain areas. The results showed that, in free-play (right MFG and bilateral SFG), positive (left TPJ and bilateral SFGdor), and negative (bilateral SFGmed, right ANG, and left MFG) topic discussions, the mother-child pairs showed different patterns of INS. These specific INS patterns were significantly lower in the ODD group compared to the control group and were negatively associated with ODD symptoms in children. Network analyses showed that these INS patterns were connected to different nodes in the ODD symptom network. Our findings suggest that ODD mother-child dyads exhibit lower neural synchrony across a wide range of parent-child interactions. Neural synchrony in the context of interpersonal interactions provides new insights into understanding the neural mechanisms of ODD and can be used as an indicator of neural and socio-environmental factors in the network of psychological disorder symptoms.

Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Parents Caring for Children with Disabilities and Long-Term Illnesses.

OBJECTIVE: There is a growing body of evidence on suicide risk in family carers, but minimal research on parents caring for children with disabilities and long-term illnesses. The aim of this study was to conduct the first dedicated research on suicide risk in parent carers and identify: (1) the number of parent carers experiencing suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and (2) the risk and protective factors for suicidality in this population. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey of parent carers in England (n = 750), co-produced with parent carers. Suicidal thoughts and behaviors were measured with questions from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. Frequencies summarized the proportion of carers experiencing suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Logistic regressions identified risk and protective factors. RESULTS: 42% of parents had experienced suicidal thoughts and behaviors while caring for a disabled or chronically ill child. Only half had sought help for these experiences. Depression, entrapment, dysfunctional coping, and having a mental health diagnosis prior to caring, were significant risk factors. CONCLUSION: Parent carers contemplate suicide at levels that exceed those of other family carers and the general public. There is an urgent need, in policy and practice, to recognize parent carers as a priority group for prevention and intervention.

This is the first dedicated study of suicide risk in parent carers.More than 40% of parents had considered suicide while caring for a disabled or chronically ill child.The risk factors for suicidal ideation in parent carers were depression, entrapment, dysfunctional coping strategies, and having a mental health diagnosis prior to becoming a carer.Parent carers may be a high-risk group for suicide and need urgent support.

Descriptive cross-sectional study to evaluate perception, attitude, and practice of parents regarding COVID-19 vaccination in children 10-12 years of age-A step toward prevention of future COVID-19 outbreaks in India.

Purpose: COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic and all age groups were equally affected. Coronavirus had devastating effects worldwide due to the emergence of new variants till vaccination was adopted to eradicate the transmission of the virus and restore normalcy. However, children were not included in the initial phase of vaccination. The purpose of the study was to assess the level of perception, attitude, and practice among parents toward the COVID-19 vaccination drive in children 10-12 years of age. Design and Study: The present research is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey including parents of children aged 10-12 years as participants. The survey was conducted between May 2022 and July 2022 with a sample size of 320. Results: A high willingness (80%) among parents was found for getting their children vaccinated. COVID-19 vaccines were perceived to be safe by the parents (59%) and efficacious (75%) for their children. Parents (67%) felt that the benefits of getting their children vaccinated against COVID-19 prevail over the risks of the vaccine. Parents 214 (67%) feel the need of getting their child vaccinated for sending them to school followed by availing of daycare facilities after school 54 (17%) among working parents. A significant association (P < 0.05) was seen between the variables of practice being followed by parents and their children as per COVID-19 norms. Parent's negative attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination was associated with availability of no/unclear safety information (36%), fear of adverse effects of vaccine (3%), and false belief of having long-term immunity due to natural infection (32%). The positive attitude of parents was due to trust in positive information/news about the vaccine (42%), belief in the safety and efficacy of the vaccine (5%), acceptability for mild adverse effects (1%), and the necessity of vaccine to send children to schools (1%). Conclusion and Recommendations: The awareness of parents regarding COVID-19 vaccination for children was limited, high level of acceptance for vaccination was seen in our study. We recommend to continuing educational programs through mass campaigns to increase increasing awareness among parents for getting COVID-19 vaccination for their children. Vaccine hesitancy including vaccine safety concerns of parents should be addressed by presenting myths and facts related to COVID-19 vaccine using television, radio, and social media platforms.

Depth and Quality of Recommendations in Popular Sources About How to Play with Infants: Content Analysis.

AIM: Systematically evaluate the depth and quality of play recommendations provided in popular sources for parents of infants in the first year of life. METHODS: This represents the second stage of a larger analysis of educational content available to parents. Two coders (>90% agreement) extracted and coded play activities from popular websites, applications, and books screened from a systematic online search. Depth of instruction variables were extracted. Activity quality was rated based on opportunities for child-initiated movement, problem-solving with objects, and responsive communication. RESULTS: 4370 play activities from 214 sources were analyzed. Activities were likely to suggest specific ages for infants and that a caregiver be present. Less than half of the activities incorporated toys or provided guidance about how to position or physically support infants. Activity quality was low; most activities did not explicitly encourage parents to provide opportunities for child-initiated movement, problem-solving with objects, or quality communication. CONCLUSIONS: Parents may encounter a large number of play activities in popular sources, but the depth of instruction and quality of those activities could be improved. Provision of higher-quality education to parents may enhance parent-child play interactions to positively impact parent and child outcomes, especially for children at risk for delays.

Parent reported outcomes for idiopathic clubfoot children treated with the Ponseti technique: An analysis of 140 feet followed minimum 5 years.

Objective: The treated clubfoot children are often evaluated clinically during follow-up. However, patient reported outcomes (PROM) are seldom analysed for these children. We investigated 87 idiopathic clubfoot children (140 feet) treated by the Ponseti method and followed minimum 5 years to study their clinical outcomes and PROM. Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional study, based on evaluating treated clubfoot children clinically (Pirani score) and PROM (Oxford Ankle and Foot Questionnaire - Parent Version) and comparing them with the age-matched healthy controls (n = 60). The questionnaire has four main domains related to the child's physical, school and play, emotional and footwear profile. The children having persistent deformity (residual/relapse) were specifically studied for their PROM scores. Results: The mean child age at initial treatment was 2.3 months and the mean follow-up duration was 6.9 years. The PROM score of clubfoot children was statistically lower than the healthy controls (p < 0.001). Of the individual domains, the physical domain was the most affected. On calculating the Pirani scores, 10 out of 140 feet (7 %) had some form of persistent deformity. The children with persistent deformity had lower Oxford scores than healthy children or those with corrected feet. The physical domain followed by the emotional domain scored low when persistent deformity was present. Conclusions: Most children (98 %) had a plantigrade foot following Ponseti treatment at follow-up. However, PROM score of the clubfoot children did not correspond to the clinical outcome. Persistent deformity, even minor, was a cause of parental concern and resulted in a low PROM score.

Psychological well-being and family functioning following identity-release gamete donation or standard IVF: follow-up of parents with adolescent children.

This study sought to investigate if heterosexual-couple parents with adolescent children following identity-release oocyte donation (OD), sperm donation (SD) or standard IVF differed with regard to psychological distress, family functioning, and parent-child relationships. The prospective longitudinal Swedish Study on Gamete Donation consists of couples recruited when starting treatment between 2005 and 2008 from seven Swedish university hospitals providing gamete donation. This study concerns the fifth wave of data collection and included a total of 205 mothers and fathers with adolescent children following OD (n = 73), SD (n = 67), or IVF with own gametes (n = 65). OD/SD parents had used identity-release donation and most had disclosed the donor conception to their child. Parents answered validated instruments measuring symptoms of anxiety and depression (HADS), family functioning (GF6+) and parent-child relationship. Results found that parents following OD or SD did not differ significantly from IVF-parents with regard to symptoms of anxiety and depression, family functioning, and perceived closeness and conflicts with their child. Irrespective of treatment group, most parents were within normal range on psychological distress and family functioning and reported positive parent-child relationships. However, SD mothers to a larger extent reported anxiety symptoms above cut-off compared to OD mothers (31% vs. 7.3%, p = 0.018). In conclusion, the present results add to previous research by including families with adolescent children following identity-release oocyte and sperm donation, most of whom were aware of their donor conception. Largely, our results confirm that the use of gamete donation does not interfere negatively with mothers' and fathers' psychological well-being and perceived family functioning.

Correlations between the screen time of children with special needs and their parent-child relationships, home participation, and occupational performance.

This study aimed to examine the relationships between the screen time of children with special needs and of their parents with their home participation, occupational performance, and parent-child relationships according to sex and diagnosis. Parents of 150 children with special needs (age range, 4 to 6 years) such as autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, as well as undiagnosed and developmentally risky children, were included. The Demographic Information Form, Screen Time Usage Form, Parent-Child Relationship Scale, Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth, and Short Child Occupational Profile were used for the data collection. There was a significant relationship between the screen time of girls and their parent-child relationships, home participation, and occupational performance. Moreover, we detected a relationship between the screen time of children with autism spectrum disorder and positive parent-child relationships, home participation, and occupational performance. Therapists should account for screen time in their interventions associated with parent-child relationships, home participation, and occupational performance.

Deactivation, hyperactivation, and anomalous content in the attachment script assessment: stability over time and significance for parenting behavior and physiology.

This study examined the stability of Attachment Script Assessment (ASA) deactivation, hyperactivation, and anomalous content and their significance for parenting outcomes in mothers (Mage = 31 years; 78% White/European American) and 6-month-old infants. Comparable to ASA secure base script knowledge (SBSK), mothers' ASA deactivation, hyperactivation, and anomalous content were significantly, moderately stable over two years (r's = .40 - .43). Mothers' ASA hyperactivation and anomalous content were associated with greater maternal intrusiveness, whereas ASA deactivation was associated with greater detachment and less intrusiveness. Only ASA anomalous content was associated with lower maternal sensitivity. Mothers' ASA deactivation was associated with less dynamic change in respiratory sinus arrhythmia during the Still-Face Procedure-reflective of limited mobilization of physiological resources to support responding to infants. Findings support the validity of ASA deactivation, hyperactivation, and anomalous content scripts, and demonstrate their utility in examining adult attachment stability and predictive significance for parent-child outcomes.

Breeding phenology drives variation in reproductive output, reproductive costs and offspring fitness in a viviparous ectotherm.

Phenological advances are a widespread response to global warming and can contribute to determine the climate vulnerability of organisms, particularly in ectothermic species which are highly dependent on ambient temperatures to complete their life cycle. Yet, the relative contribution of breeding dates and temperature conditions during gestation on fitness of females and their offspring is poorly documented in reptiles. Here, we exposed females of the common lizard Zootoca vivipara to contrasting thermal scenarios (cold versus hot treatment) during gestation and quantified effects of parturition dates and thermal treatment on life-history traits of females and their offspring for one year. Overall, our results suggest that parturition date has a greater impact than thermal conditions during gestation on life history strategies. In particular, we found positive effects of an earlier parturition date on juvenile survival, growth and recruitment suggesting that environmental dependent selection and/or differences in parental quality between early and late breeders underlie seasonal changes in offspring fitness. Yet, an earlier parturition date compromised the energetic condition of gravid females, which suggests the existence of a mother-offspring conflict regarding the optimisation of parturition dates. While numerous studies focused on the direct effects of alterations in incubation temperatures on reptile life-history traits, our results highlight the importance of considering the role of breeding phenology in assessing the short- and long-term effects of thermal developmental plasticity.

Improving Parental Health Literacy in Primary Caregivers of 0- to 3-Year-Old Children Through a WeChat Official Account: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Parental health literacy is important to children's health and development, especially in the first 3 years. However, few studies have explored effective intervention strategies to improve parental literacy. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of a WeChat official account (WOA)-based intervention on parental health literacy of primary caregivers of children aged 0-3 years. Methods: This cluster randomized controlled trial enrolled 1332 caregiver-child dyads from all 13 community health centers (CHCs) in Minhang District, Shanghai, China, between April 2020 and April 2021. Participants in intervention CHCs received purposefully designed videos via a WOA, which automatically recorded the times of watching for each participant, supplemented with reading materials from other trusted web-based sources. The contents of the videos were constructed in accordance with the comprehensive parental health literacy model of WHO (World Health Organization)/Europe (WHO/Europe). Participants in control CHCs received printed materials similar to the intervention group. All the participants were followed up for 9 months. Both groups could access routine child health services as usual during follow-up. The primary outcome was parental health literacy measured by a validated instrument, the Chinese Parental Health Literacy Questionnaire (CPHLQ) of children aged 0-3 years. Secondary outcomes included parenting behaviors and children's health outcomes. We used the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) for data analyses and performed different subgroup analyses. The ß coefficient, risk ratio (RR), and their 95% CI were used to assess the intervention's effect. Results: After the 9-month intervention, 69.4% (518/746) of caregivers had watched at least 1 video. Participants in the intervention group had higher CPHLQ total scores (ß=2.51, 95% CI 0.12-4.91) and higher psychological scores (ß=1.63, 95% CI 0.16-3.10) than those in the control group. The intervention group also reported a higher rate of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 6 months (38.9% vs 23.44%; RR 1.90, 95% CI 1.07-3.38) and a higher awareness rate of vitamin D supplementation for infants younger than 6 months (76.7% vs 70.5%; RR 1.39, 95% CI 1.06-1.82). No significant effects were detected for the physical score on the CPHLQ, breastfeeding rate, routine checkup rate, and children's health outcomes. Furthermore, despite slight subgroup differences in the intervention's effects on the total CPHLQ score and EBF rate, no interaction effect was observed between these subgroup factors and intervention factors. Conclusions: Using a WHO literacy model-based health intervention through a WOA has the potential of improving parental health literacy and EBF rates at 6 months. However, innovative strategies and evidence-based content are required to engage more participants and achieve better intervention outcomes.

The mutuality account of parenthood: a subjective approach to parent-child relationships.

Stimulated by development of reproductive technologies, many current bioethical accounts of parenthood focus on defining parenthood at or around birth. They tend to exclude from their scope some parent-child relationships that develop later in a child's life. In reality, a parent-child relationship can emerge or dissolve over time: the parents of person A as an adolescent or adult may be different to her parents when she is a young child. To address this aspect of parenthood, we propose a new 'mutuality account' of parenthood, grounded in the concept of ontological security. We argue that in most cases a parent-child relationship exists if there is mutual ontological security between the parent and child. We suggest that this mutual ontological security is constituted and sustained by shared frameworks of reality and cohesive personal narratives. Our intention is to broaden the conceptual understanding of parenthood, to include parent-child relationships that do not fall neatly into current bioethical accounts, and to argue against the notion that objective physiological, causal, or social ties are necessary to 'make' a parent.

[Social situation, health, and health behavior of children and adolescents in one-parent households at the end of the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of the KIDA study 2022-2023]. / Soziale Lage, Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Ein-Eltern-Haushalten zum Ende der COVID-19-Pandemie. Ergebnisse der KIDA-Studie 2022­2023.

INTRODUCTION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, single parents and their children were particularly exposed to stress due to the containment measures and to limited resources. We analyzed differences in the social and health situation of children and adolescents in one-parent households and two-parent households at the end of the pandemic. METHODS: The analysis is based on data from the KIDA study, in which parents of 3­ to 15-year-old children as well as 16- to 17-year-old adolescents were surveyed in 2022/2023 (telephone: n = 6992; online: n = 2896). Prevalences stratified by family type were calculated for the indicators psychosocial stress, social support, health, and health behavior. Poisson regressions were adjusted for gender, age, level of education, and household income. RESULTS: Children and adolescents from one-parent households are more likely to be burdened by financial restrictions, family conflicts, and poor living conditions and receive less school support than peers from two-parent households. They are more likely to have impairments in health as well as increased healthcare needs, and they use psychosocial services more frequently. Furthermore, they are less likely to be active in sports clubs, but they take part in sporting activities at schools as often as minors from two-parent households. The differences are also evident when controlling for income and education. DISCUSSION: Children and adolescents from one-parent households can be reached well through exercise programs in a school setting. Low-threshold offers in daycare centers, schools, and the community should therefore be further expanded. Furthermore, interventions are needed to improve the socioeconomic situation of single parents and their children.

A Mixed Methods Investigation Examining the PrEP Cascade Among 13-18-Year-Old Latino Adolescent Sexual Minority Men.

Latino adolescent sexual minority men (ASMM) are at high risk of HIV. Limited research has explored the impact of parent-adolescent communication and beliefs on PrEP adoption among Latino ASMM. Our objective was to examine how parental support and beliefs influence decisions regarding PrEP use. We analyzed PrEP-related attitudes and behaviors within a national cohort of 524 Latino ASMM aged 13-18. Out of the participants, 60.5% were suitable for PrEP. Among them, 59.7% were in the precontemplation stage (stage 1), indicating a lack of willingness or belief of unsuitability. However, 86.4% moved to reach the contemplation stage (stage 2), demonstrating willingness and suitability for PrEP. Only 16.8% moved on to the PrEParation stage (stage 3), indicating their intention to start using PrEP. Furthermore, 4.3% progressed to the PrEP action stage and initiation (stage 4), signifying they had received a prescription, and all reported high adherence (stage 5). Factors associated with reaching later stages included older age, parental support of sexual orientation, and previous HIV/STI testing. The qualitative findings revealed diverse attitudes towards parental involvement in PrEP care among Latino ASMM, including positive, negative, and ambivalent perspectives. Notably, Spanish-speaking participants expressed specific barriers to PrEP communication between ASMM and their parents. Given that parental support and attitudes emerged as significant factors in both our quantitative and qualitative findings, it is evident that public health approaches aiming to disseminate education and awareness about PrEP to parents and families could alleviate the burden on adolescents to educate their parents and enhance support.

Longitudinal Relationship Between Psychological Capital and Anxiety in College Students: The Mediating Effect of Emotion Reregulation Strategy and Moderating Effect of Parent-Child Relationship.

Objective: Based on Conservation of resources theory, process model of emotion regulation and attachment theory, the present study examined how psychological capital affects anxiety through the mediation of emotion regulation strategies and explored the moderating role of parent-child relationship. Methods: Using a longitudinal study method, 962 college students were surveyed twice at one-year intervals. Results: (1) College students' emotion regulation strategies (including cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) partially mediated psychological capital and anxiety mood; (2) parent-child relationship moderated the pathways of psychological capital and expressive suppression on anxiety, respectively. Conclusion: College students with higher levels of parent-child relationship had stronger predictive effects of psychological capital and weaker predictive effects of expressive suppression on anxiety mood. The research findings clarify the combined effects of emotion regulation and parent-child relationships on anxiety among college students, providing valuable reference for the design and implementation of interventions to promote individual psychological well-being.

The Relationship Between Maternal Problematic Mobile Phone Use and Hyperactive Behavior in Preschool Children: The Moderating Effect of Family Parenting Support on Chain Mediation.

Purpose: The issue of excessive mobile phone use among mothers currently is growing increasingly significant due to the rapid growth of smartphones and other technological items. Given that women are the primary caregivers for preschool-aged children, it is imperative to thoroughly investigate the detrimental impacts of mothers' problematic mobile phone use on the hyperactive behaviors of their children, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Methods: In this study, 924 Chinese mothers and their children are surveyed. The study looks into the moderating effects of parenting support in this context as well as the chain mediating roles of mothers' parent-child interaction disorder and work-family conflict in the effects of mothers' problematic cell phone use on preschoolers' hyperactive behaviors. Analysis is conducted on the moderating impact of parental support in this as well. Results: The results find that boys have significantly higher levels of hyperactive behavior than girls; maternal problematic cell phone use significantly positively predicts preschoolers' hyperactive behavior; maternal problematic cell phone use could indirectly affect preschoolers' hyperactive behavior through the chain-mediated effects of work-family conflict and parent-child interaction disorder, and parenting support moderates the predictive effects of parent-child interaction disorder on preschoolers' hyperactive behavior. Conclusion: This study reveals potential ways in which mothers' problematic mobile phone use affects preschoolers' hyperactivity behaviors in the Chinese context. The findings provide a multidimensional (protective and risk factors) indication of how to reduce the impact of mothers' problematic mobile phone use on preschoolers' levels of hyperactivity behaviors, which would contribute to improving children's mental health. However, this is a cross-sectional study and other factors may also play an important role in this pathway.

Seeking Validation and Creating Meaningful Interactions: Perceptions of a Parent-Mediated Infant Intervention.

Infancy, a formative period for development, has been identified as an advantageous time to provide family-centered support for children with delays. Families should be included as stakeholders during development of such interventions to ensure social value. We describe a preliminary randomized controlled trial evaluating Infant Achievements (IA), an 8-week (16-session) parent-mediated intervention for parents of infants 8-12 months old with social communication delays. This study reports our qualitative examination of the intervention's social validity. We conducted focus groups with 7 IA parent participants and analyzed their responses using conventional content analysis. Five themes emerged: (a) difficulty identifying resources to address concerns, (b) seeking validation of concerns, (c) seeking support to enhance children's development, (d) experiencing a supportive coaching relationship, and (e) creating meaningful interactions to support children's communication and social skills. Our results emphasize the necessity of partnering with families in the development of evidence-based family-centered interventions for infants with developmental delays to maximize their social value.