Patients with diabetes and obesity exhibit characteristics in eating and coping behaviors and personality traits.

Aims/introduction: In patients with diabetes, obesity is an aggravating factor for glycemic control and its vascular complications. However, the psychological and behavioral characteristics of those patients with obesity have not been fully clarified. This study investigated eating and coping behavior, personality traits, quality of life (QOL), and depression status in patients with diabetes with or without obesity. Materials and methods: Questionnaires obtained from 567 patients with diabetes at Dokkyo Medical University were analyzed. Eating behavior, coping behavior, personality traits, QOL, and depression status were evaluated by the Eating Behavior Questionnaire, Brief COPE, Japanese Ten-Item Personality Inventory, EuroQol 5 Dimensions-5 Level, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9, respectively. Participants were divided according to body mass index (BMI) into a non-obese group (BMI < 25), obese group (BMI 25-35), and high-degree obese group (BMI ≥ 35), and results were compared between groups. Results: On all items of the Eating Behavior Questionnaire, scores were higher in the obese and high-degree obese groups than non-obese group, indicating worse eating behavior. In coping behavior, significant intergroup differences were found in self-distraction, substance use, using emotional support, using instrumental support, and venting. As for personality traits, the obese group had significantly lower conscientiousness and higher emotional instability than the non-obese group. There was no significant difference in QOL or depression status. Conclusions: These results suggest that there are some characteristics in eating and coping behaviors and some personality traits between obese and non-obese patients with diabetes. Treatment based on such characteristics may be useful for patients with diabetes and obesity. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13340-024-00721-w.

Personality traits and co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI: a prospective cohort study.

We assess the associations between personality traits and co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI from adolescence to early adulthood. We employed a nationally representative cohort in China from 2010 to 2020 year. We included adolescents aged 10-19 years without depressive symptoms and unhealthy weight status (obesity, overweight, or thinness) at baseline and excluded those without any measurement of depressive symptoms or BMI at follow-ups. We assessed baseline personality traits in 7 dimensions of conscientiousness, openness, neuroticism, agreeableness, extraversion, self-esteem, and responsibility. We also assessed the combined effects of these 7 dimensions of personality traits by generating individual-level personality trait risk scores based on the weighted sum of all these 7 dimensions of personality traits. We measured the co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI using both a single measurement of depressive symptoms and BMI at the last follow-up and repeated measurements of them over 10 years. We used the multinomial logistic regression models to examine the exposure-outcome associations. At baseline, we included 1778 individuals (mean age: 14.4 year; female: 853 (48.0%)). At follow-ups, we observed increased risk of co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI per 1-SD increase in neuroticism score (1.95-2.38 odds ratio) or 1-SD decrease in self-esteem and conscientiousness (0.63-0.80 odds ratio; all P values < 0.05); we observed no evidence of associations between openness, agreeableness, extraversion, or responsibility and the risk of co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI (all P values > 0.05). For the combined effects of the 7 dimensions of personality traits, we found an elevated risk of co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI per 1-SD increase in the personality trait risk scores (OR (95% CI), single measurement at the last follow-up: 2.01, 1.66 to 2.43; trajectory classification using the repeated measurements 2.30, 1.55 to 3.42; average level using the repeated measurements: 2.27, 1.93 to 2.67). In this national cohort in China, personality traits were found to be associated with the co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI from adolescence to early adulthood. These findings highlight the importance of stratifying individuals based on their personality traits and providing targeted interventions for those at risk of comorbid depression and obesity.

The mediating effects of moral disengagement and aggressive humor style: Dark Triad traits and schadenfreude.

Background: While schadenfreude is commonly experienced in interpersonal relationships, it is generally considered immoral. Although previous research has explored the factors relating to schadenfreude, including certain personality traits, moral disengagement, and humor styles, our understanding of these factors remains limited. The present study examined the mediating effects of moral disengagement and aggressive humor style in the relationship between the Dark Triad traits and schadenfreude. Methods: In this study, a sample of 693 Iranian students (69.4% female), was recruited using a convenient sampling method, consisting of 330 undergraduate, 230 graduate, and 133 Ph.D. students. The trait schadenfreude scale, the short Dark Triad, the moral disengagement scale, and the aggressive humor style scale were measured through an online survey. Results: The study found that Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy were positively related to schadenfreude, aggressive humor style, and moral disengagement. Additionally, aggressive humor style and moral disengagement mediated the relationship between Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy with schadenfreude. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the complex relationships between Dark Triad traits, moral disengagement, aggressive humor style, and schadenfreude. The findings suggest that individuals with higher levels of Dark Triad traits may be more likely to experience pleasure from others' misfortunes. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of moral disengagement and aggressive humor style as potential mechanisms underlying the relationship between Dark Triad traits and schadenfreude. Further research should be done to explore the motivational factors influencing schadenfreude in specific settings, thereby elucidating these connections.

Validity and reliability of a questionnaire to investigate people prone to accidents in different industries.

Objectives. In recent years, workplace accidents have imposed a considerable cost on industries. Accident proneness is one of the most influential factors known to cause unsafe behaviors and occupational accidents. Therefore, the present study investigated the validity and reliability of the accident proneness questionnaire in industries. Methods. The questionnaire was developed to measure accident proneness in industries - the developed instrument was distributed in East Azarbaijan industries (1100 questionaries). Content validity, confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis were used to examine the construct validity, and Cronbach's α and the test-retest method were used to examine the reliability and reproducibility of the instrument. Results. In the face validity section, the impact score of all items was determined to be >1.5. In the content validity section, the content validity index (CVI) and the content validity ratio (CVR) were higher than the standard value of 0.42. The Cronbach's α coefficient for all dimensions was 0.914. Conclusion. The findings of the study show that the accident proneness questionnaire in industries has acceptable validity and reliability, and can be used as a comprehensive, practical, robust and reliable instrument to investigate the accident proneness of different industries.

The Androgen Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Shows a Greater Relationship with Impulsivity than Testosterone in a Healthy Male Sample.

This study was designed to examine the relationships among the impulsivity construct as a personality trait, the dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), and testosterone in a sample of 120 healthy middle-aged males (Mage = 44.39; SD = 12.88). The sum of the three BIS-11 scales, the SR, and the five UPPS-P scales correlated with DHEA-S 0.23 (p < 0.006) and testosterone 0.19 (p < 0.04), controlling for age. Partial correlations showed that DHEA-S was significantly related to motor impulsivity (0.24; p < 0.008), Sensitivity to Reward (0.29; p < 0.002), Lack of Premeditation (0.26; p < 0.05), and, to a lesser extent, Sensation Seeking (0.19; p < 0.04) and Positive Urgency (0.19; p < 0.04). Testosterone correlated with attention impulsivity (0.18; p < 0.04), Sensation Seeking (0.18; p < 0.04), and Positive Urgency (0.22; p < 0.01). Sensitivity to Reward, Negative Urgency, and Positive Urgency were significant predictors of DHEA-S (R2 = 0.28), and Positive Urgency for testosterone (R2 = 0.09). Non-parametric LOESS graphical analyses for local regression allowed us to visualize the non-linear relationships between the impulsivity scales with the two androgens, including non-significant trends. We discuss the implications of these results for impulsive biological personality traits, the limitations of our analyses, and the possible development of future research.

Understanding Anxiety in Cervical Dystonia: An Imaging Study.

BACKGROUND: Anxiety may precede motor symptoms in cervical dystonia (CD) and is associated with an earlier onset of dystonia. Our understanding of anxiety in CD is inadequate. OBJECTIVE: To investigate brain networks associated with anxiety in CD. METHODS: Twenty-six subjects with idiopathic CD underwent MRI Brain without contrast. Correlational tractography was derived using Diffusion MRI connectometry. Quantitative Anisotropy (QA) was used in deterministic diffusion fiber tracking. Correlational tractography was then used to correlate QA with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) state (STAI-S) and trait (STAI-T) subscales. RESULTS: Connectometry analysis showed direct correlation between state anxiety and QA in tracts from amygdala to thalamus/ pulvinar bilaterally, and trait anxiety and QA in tracts from amygdala to motor cortex, sensorimotor cortex and parietal association area bilaterally (FDR ≤0.05). CONCLUSION: Our efforts to map anxiety to brain networks in CD highlight the role of the amygdala in the pathophysiology of anxiety in CD.

Which emotion regulation strategy is efficient for whom? Reappraisal and suppression efficiency for adaptive and maladaptive personality profiles.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the efficiency of different emotion regulation strategies, specifically reappraisal and suppression, in relation to adaptive and maladaptive personality profiles. BACKGROUND: Personality conditions emotions and influences emotion regulation. Of the available regulation strategies, reappraisal (reinterpreting the situation) is described as an efficient strategy, whereas suppression (not displaying the experienced emotion) carries higher physiological and cognitive costs. Little is known, however, about the influence of personality on these efficiencies. METHOD: We tested the personality structure of 102 participants (Meanage = 20.75, SDage = 2.15), based on the Five-Factor Model and the Maladaptive Personality Trait Model. Experience, expressivity, and physiological arousal were recorded during the viewing of emotionally charged positive and negative images while participants reappraised, suppressed, or viewed the images without regulating their emotions. RESULTS: We identified two clusters for adaptive personality ("Adaptive Resilient" and "Anti-resilient") and two for maladaptive personality ("Maladaptive Resilient" and "Under-controlled"). The major finding was for emotional experience in maladaptive personalities, where reappraisal was efficient in the Maladaptive Resilient profile, while none of the strategies brought relief in the Under-controlled profile. CONCLUSION: This study, which systematically contrasts personality and efficiency of emotion regulation strategies, is one of the first attempts to refine the understanding of how personality influences the emotional regulation process.

Residents' willingness to engage in carbon generalized system of preferences - A personality insight study based on the extended theory of planned behavior.

In the context of China's dual carbon target, reducing personal carbon emissions has been identified as a crucial strategy to achieve the target. The 2022 Digital China Development Report emphasizes the significance of implementing the Carbon Generalized System of Preferences (CGSP) in driving individual carbon reduction efforts in China. However, the psychological factors influencing public participation in CGSP are still unknown. Based on the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study explored the psychological factors of different personality trait groups' participation in the CGSP and categorized 712 respondents into Compatible, Positive, Responsible, and Susceptible based on the MINI-IPIP scale and the K-means method. The results show that the strength of willingness to engage (WTE) in CGSP was ranked as: Compatible > Positive > Responsible > Susceptible and the WTE of compatible groups is more influenced by attitude, while Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) plays a more crucial role in other groups. Personal Norms (PN) and Policy Awareness (PA) were significant for all specific personality groups except the Susceptible group. Surprisingly subjective norms had little to do with WTE. We believe that policymakers should consider the impact of PBC on WTE when formulating policies and raise the expectation of residents in terms of the value they can obtain from participating in CGSP. Additionally, promotional activities related to PN and PA in connection with CGSP should be conducted. These efforts may help individuals better engage in CGSP.

Relational aggression in romantic relationship: empirical evidence among young female adults in Malaysia.

BACKGROUND: Aggressive behaviour in romantic relationship is a social problem of great concern. Studies related to the influence of psychosocial factors on relational aggression are still limited. Furthermore, these factors have not been widely studied in the local context, resulting in the issue of relational aggression among young female adults still not being addressed. This study aims to explore whether psychosocial factors such as big five personality traits, adult attachment style and loneliness could predict relational aggression in romantic relationships among young female adults in Malaysia. In addition, this study aims to identify the moderating effect of social support in the relationship between psychosocial factors and relational aggression in romantic relationship. METHODS: A quantitative research approach was used with 424 young female adults in Malaysia aged between 18 and 30 years old (mean age = 24.18) were recruited through multistage sampling design by completing a questionnaire consisting of the Big Five Inventory (BFI), Experiences in Close Relationships Scale II (ECRS-II), Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, Measure of Relational Aggression and Victimization (MRAV) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). RESULTS: Multiple regression analysis predicted significant relationship between agreeableness personality, loneliness, avoidant attachment style and anxious attachment style with relational aggression in romantic relationships. Hierarchical regression analysis found a significant effect of social support as a moderator between loneliness with relational aggression in romantic relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the results show that young female adults with low level of agreeableness, high level of loneliness, avoidant attachment style and anxious attachment style are at a higher risk of engaging in relational aggression in romantic relationships. The implication of this study can help in understanding the psychosocial factors that form the basis of relational aggression in romantic relationships. Hence, the gap in knowledge warrants further research.

The ups and downs of self-criticism and disordered eating: Complementing Paranjothy and Wade's (2024) analysis by considering both trait and state perspectives.

Paranjothy and Wade's (2024) meta-review reveals that individuals higher in the personality trait of self-criticism consistently experience more disordered eating than those lower in the trait. The clinical implications of this meta-review are important in that they suggest current theoretical models and clinical practices in the field of eating disorders should incorporate a greater focus on self-criticism. Building on this exciting contribution, we highlight conceptual, practical, and empirical reasons why the field would benefit from supplementing this research on trait self-criticism with investigations of state self-criticism. We review research showing that self-criticism levels vary not only between individuals, with some people chronically more self-critical than others, but also within a person, with a given individual enacting relatively more self-criticism during some moments and days than others. We then present emerging research showing that these periods of higher-than-usual self-criticism are associated with more disordered eating. Thus, we emphasize the need to explore the factors that give rise to self-critical states in daily life, and review preliminary findings on this topic. We highlight the ways in which research on within-person variations in self-criticism can complement research on trait self-criticism to advance case formulation, prevention, and treatment in the field of eating disorders.

Investigating the effect of grit trait on performance and success in Hungarian athlete's sample.

Background: The aim of the present study is to translate the Grit questionnaire into Hungarian and validate specifically within the context of sports. The second goal is to assess the questionnaire in Hungarian as a pilot study in the athlete population and to compare the grit trait with the coaches' athlete evaluation. Methods: Two hundred and sixty nine athletes, including 40 national team players, took part in the study, with an average age of 18.17 years (SD = 5.51). For the preliminary assessment, the Cloninger Temperament and Character Questionnaire (TCI-RH) was used; the coaches' athlete evaluation was modeled on a talent map. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the fit of the two-factor structure, and the internal reliability of the questionnaire scales also proved to be adequate. 2. There is no relationship between adolescents' perceived grit and coach ratings. 3. The national team players achieved a higher grit score. Conclusion: Based on the psychometric indicators, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire proved to be adequate. Therefore, it is applicable and useful for psychological practitioners and researchers in the Hungarian population within the context of sports.

Exploring the Motivations and Personality Traits of Pro-Russian Collaborationists in Ukraine.

This study investigates the personality traits and motivations of collaborationists with Russian invaders in Ukraine. A focus group of individuals who knew collaborationists personally identified 14 collaborationism motives (CMs), which were used to interview 104 probation clients convicted of collaborationism. The study utilized the five-factor model developed by Costa and McCrae to evaluate individual characteristics. Categorical principal component analysis (CATPCA) reduced the 14 CMs to three dimensions: pragmatism, adaptation, and fear. The study found that individual factors promoting collaborationism included pragmatism, ideological adaptation to changing realities, and fear stemming from threats to the life and health of an individual and/or their relatives. The study provides insights into the psychology of collaborationism, which can be useful in designing resocialization programs during the probation period of collaborationists.

Examining the Antecedents of Novice STEM Teachers' Job Satisfaction: The Roles of Personality Traits, Perceived Social Support, and Work Engagement.

It is reported that teachers' satisfaction levels are lower and stress levels are higher than other professional groups in many countries. This is especially true for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) teachers. Considering job satisfaction has a direct impact on turnover intention, low satisfaction levels have led to high turnover rates and thus exacerbated the shortages of STEM teachers. Hence, there is an urgent need to explore the antecedents of novice STEM teachers' job satisfaction. This study proposes a new model to show how novice STEM teachers' personality traits and perceived social support influence their job satisfaction. A total of 2592 novice STEM teachers in eighteen randomly selected high schools in China were recruited. Data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling approach. The results illustrated that most novice STEM teachers had low levels of job satisfaction. Novice STEM teachers' personality traits could directly and indirectly impact their job satisfaction. Meanwhile, novice STEM teachers' job satisfaction was also directly influenced by work engagement and indirectly influenced by their perceived social support. Our findings theoretically contribute to the understanding of the determinants of STEM teachers' job satisfaction and have important practical implications.

An evolutionary model of personality traits related to cooperative behavior using a large language model.

This study aims to demonstrate that Large Language Models (LLMs) can empower research on the evolution of human behavior, based on evolutionary game theory, by using an evolutionary model positing that instructing LLMs with high-level psychological and cognitive character descriptions enables the simulation of human behavior choices in game-theoretical scenarios. As a first step towards this objective, this paper proposes an evolutionary model of personality traits related to cooperative behavior using a large language model. In the model, linguistic descriptions of personality traits related to cooperative behavior are used as genes. The deterministic strategies extracted from LLM that make behavioral decisions based on these personality traits are used as behavioral traits. The population is evolved according to selection based on average payoff and mutation of genes by asking LLM to slightly modify the parent gene toward cooperative or selfish. Through experiments and analyses, we clarify that such a model can indeed exhibit evolution of cooperative behavior based on the diverse and higher-order representation of personality traits. We also observed repeated intrusion of cooperative and selfish personality traits through changes in the expression of personality traits. The words that emerged in the evolved genes reflected the behavioral tendencies of their associated personalities in terms of semantics, thereby influencing individual behavior and, consequently, the evolutionary dynamics.

Prosociality predicts changes in leisure activities during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Several studies suggest that leisure activities enhance well-being. In line with this perspective, a recent study indicates that augmenting indoor leisure activities to compensate for diminished outdoor pursuits could sustain or enhance well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study was designed to identify personality traits that predict such behavioral shifts in indoor versus outdoor leisure activities during the pandemic. The present study included 657 participants (Mage = 41.08) and measured 12 personality traits that a previous study reported were associated with health-protective behaviors during COVID-19. Our findings indicate that the rise in indoor leisure activities correlated with prosocial tendencies toward family and friends/acquaintances (but not strangers), self-centered interest, resilience, and Big Five personality traits. Conversely, the decline in outdoor activities was linked solely to prosociality toward family and friends/acquaintances. Further interaction analysis uncovered that prosocial tendencies toward close relations predicted increased indoor activities as an alternative to outdoor engagements. We concluded that prosociality promoted behavioral changes that significantly prevented infections in intimate others, and it could maintain personal well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic by facilitating behavior change.

Assessing the efficacy of a resilience training intervention for long-term improvements in well-being and resilience.

This article has two aims: (1) to assess the impacts of a novel training intervention for individual well-being and (2) to measure the trajectory of resilience over the training period dependent on reported significant life events. Using a randomised controlled trial with a diverse German sample with the majority drawn from a student population, we measure the effects of the intervention to provide insight into its impacts and act as a proof of concept for the training. We find that the training intervention boosts resilience and other related well-being measures with a high effect size in comparison with a control group and compared with existing resilience training studies.

Using social media and personality traits to assess software developers' emotional polarity.

Although human factors (e.g., cognitive functions, behaviors and skills, human error models, etc.) are key elements to improve software development productivity and quality, the role of software developers' emotions and their personality traits in software engineering still needs to be studied. A major difficulty is in assessing developers' emotions, leading to the classic problem of having difficulties understanding what cannot be easily measured. Existing approaches to infer emotions, such as facial expressions, self-assessed surveys, and biometric sensors, imply considerable intrusiveness on developers and tend to be used only during normal working periods. This article proposes to assess the feasibility of using social media posts (e.g., developers' posts on Twitter) to accurately determine the polarity of emotions of software developers over extended periods in a non-intrusive manner, allowing the identification of potentially abnormal periods of negative or positive sentiments of developers that may affect software development productivity or software quality. Our results suggested that Twitter data can serve as a valid source for accurately inferring the polarity of emotions. We evaluated 31 combinations of unsupervised lexicon-based techniques using a dataset with 79,029 public posts from Twitter from sixteen software developers, achieving a macro F1-Score of 0.745 and 76.8% of accuracy with the ensemble comprised of SentiStrength, Sentilex-PT, and LIWC2015_PT lexicons. Among other results, we found a statistically significant difference in tweets' polarities posted during working and non-working periods for 31.25% of the participants, suggesting that emotional polarity monitoring outside working hours could also be relevant. We also assessed the Big Five personality traits of the developers and preliminarily used them to ponder the polarities inferences. In this context, Openness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion were frequently related to neutral and positive posts, while Neuroticism is associated with negative posts. Our results show that the proposed approach is accurate enough to constitute a simple and non-intrusive alternative to existing methods. Tools using this approach can be applied in real software development environments to support software team workers in making decisions to improve the software development process.

Association between Mood and Sensation Seeking Following rTMS.

Previous studies investigating mood changes in healthy subjects after prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have shown largely inconsistent results. This may be due to methodological issues, considerable inter-individual variation in prefrontal connectivity or other factors, e.g., personality traits. This pilot study investigates whether mood changes after rTMS are affected by personality parameters. In a randomized cross-over design, 17 healthy volunteers received three sessions of 1 Hz rTMS to Fz, F3 and T3 (10/20 system). The T3 electrode site served as the control condition with the coil angled 45° to the scalp. Subjective mood was rated at baseline and after each condition. Personality traits were assessed using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS). For all conditions, a significant association between mood changes towards a deterioration in mood and SSS scores was observed. There were no differences between conditions and no correlations between mood changes and NEO-FFI. The data show that sensation-seeking personality has an impact on subjective mood changes following prefrontal rTMS in all conditions. Future studies investigating the effects of rTMS on emotional paradigms should include individual measures of sensation-seeking personality. The pre-selection of subjects according to personality criteria may reduce the variability in results.

Neuroanatomical and functional substrates of the hypomanic personality trait and its prediction on aggression.

Hypomanic personality manifests a close link with several psychiatric disorders and its abnormality is a risk indicator for developing bipolar disorders. We systematically investigated the potential neuroanatomical and functional substrates underlying hypomanic personality trait (HPT) and its sub-dimensions (i.e., Social Vitality, Mood Volatility, and Excitement) combined with structural and functional imaging data as well as their corresponding brain networks in a large non-clinical sample across two studies (n = 464). Behaviorally, HPT, specifically Mood Volatility and Excitement, was positively associated with aggressive behaviors in both studies. Structurally, sex-specific morphological characteristics were further observed in the motor and top-down control networks especially for Mood Volatility, although HPT was generally positively associated with grey matter volumes (GMVs) in the prefrontal, temporal, visual, and limbic systems. Functionally, brain activations related to immediate or delayed losses were found to predict individual variability in HPT, specifically Social Vitality and Excitement, on the motor and prefrontal-parietal cortices. Topologically, connectome-based prediction model analysis further revealed the predictive role of individual-level morphological and resting-state functional connectivity on HPT and its sub-dimensions, although it did not reveal any links with general brain topological properties. GMVs in the temporal, limbic (e.g., amygdala), and visual cortices mediated the effects of HPT on behavioral aggression. These findings suggest that the imbalance between motor and control circuits may be critical for HPT and provide novel insights into the neuroanatomical, functional, and topological mechanisms underlying the specific temperament and its impacts on aggression.

The effect of botulinum toxin on anxiety in cervical dystonia: A prospective, observational study.

INTRODUCTION: Anxiety is present in 30-40% of patients with cervical dystonia (CD). It has been ascribed to a direct effect of the state of motor symptoms on related pain, disability, and disfigurement. Accordingly, any reported benefit of botulinum toxin (BoNT) on anxiety is thought to be secondary to its effect on the same. We sought to evaluate the distinctive impact of botulinum toxin (BoNT) on anxiety in cervical dystonia (CD). METHODS: In this prospective observational study, 60 participants with idiopathic isolated CD were recruited from clinic. We assessed motor and anxiety burden using Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) parts I-III and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Assessments were done at time of BoNT (baseline) and at 6 weeks post-injection. RESULTS: STAI and motor severity TWSTRS scores poorly correlated at the baseline visit (rho = -0.30, p = 0.411). Both, motor TWSTRS (Mdifference = -1.46, p < 0.024) and STAI (Mdifference = -10.37, p = 0.007) improved from baseline to 6 weeks (peak effect). The change in motor TWSTRS poorly correlated with change in anxiety scores from baseline visit to 6 weeks (rho = -0.14, p > 0.999). Of these measures of anxiety, improvement in STAI-T had the largest effect size (rank biserial = 0.52). CONCLUSION: BoNT improves both motor severity and anxiety in CD. Poor correlation between motor severity and anxiety at both the time of injection and during the time of peak effect, and improvement in trait anxiety suggests that BoNT has a direct beneficial effect on anxiety.