Terror catastrophizing: association with anxiety, depression, and transgenerational effects.

Background & Objectives: Terror catastrophizing, defined as an ongoing fear of future terrorist attacks, is associated with a higher incidence of anxiety disorders, among other psychological impacts. However, previous studies examining terror catastrophizing's relationship to other mental health disorders are limited. The current study sought to determine if patients diagnosed with anxiety and depression would experience increased terror catastrophizing. Additionally, this study aimed to investigate whether parental terror catastrophizing increases children's internalizing symptoms.Design & Methods: Individuals were randomly drawn from the Danish Civil Registration System and invited to complete a series of questionnaires to measure terror catastrophizing tendency, lifetime parental trauma, and children's internalizing symptoms. In total, n = 4,175 invitees completed the survey of which 933 reported on a child between 6 and 18 years. Responses were analyzed using a generalized linear regression model.Results: Participants diagnosed with anxiety alone or comorbid with depression were more likely to experience symptoms of terror catastrophizing than undiagnosed participants (ß = 0.10, p < .001; ß = 0.07, p = .012). Furthermore, the parental tendency to catastrophize terror was associated with higher internalizing symptoms in children (ß = 0.09, p = .006), even after taking parental diagnoses, as well as lifetime and childhood trauma into account.Conclusion: The results can inform clinical practices to account for a patient's potential to exhibit increased terror catastrophizing tendencies or be more affected by traumatic events. Additionally, they can offer insights for designing novel preventative interventions for the whole family, due to the relation between parental tendencies for terror catastrophizing and the internalizing symptoms observed in children.

Diagnoses of comorbid anxiety and depression tend to have increased terror catastrophizing (TC); however, a sole anxiety diagnosis is associated with more TC, while sole depression is not.Informative for clinical practice to understand how patients with TC tendencies are more likely to be impacted by traumatic events.Parental TC symptoms are linked to internalizing symptoms in children; thus, this could inform the design of novel preventative interventions.

El papel de las competencias emocionales parentales en las conductas internalizantes y el autoconcepto de los niños / The role of emotional parental competencies in children's internalizing behaviors and self-concept

Resumen Introducción: Las competencias emocionales de los padres se constituyen en un factor protector para el fortalecimiento del autoconcepto en los niños; sin embargo, cuando no se expresan adecuadamente pueden generar en los hijos problemas internalizantes. La evidencia empírica en Colombia sobre la relación entre dichas variables no ha sido suficiente por lo cual es fundamental continuar su estudio. Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre competencias emocionales de los padres, el nivel de autoconcepto y las conductas internalizantes en niños de 8 a 12 años. Método: En esta investigación correlacional se aplicó el Cuestionario de Evaluación de Estilos Educativos de Padres (CEEP), la Lista de Chequeo de la Conducta Infantil (CBCL) formato para padres; y la Escala de autoconcepto de Piers-Harris a los niños. Los participantes fueron 364, conformados por 182 diadas (padres e hijos de 8 a 12 años) de colegios públicos y privados de Bogotá, seleccionados bajo un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Resultados: Se encontró una relación positiva estadísticamente significativa entre la impulsividad en padres y los síntomas ansioso/depresivo (Rho= 0,213; p= 0,04) y aislado/depresivo (Rho= 0,210; p= 0,004) en los niños. Se hallaron relaciones inversas entre el manejo emocional y el componente intelectual del autoconcepto (Rho= -0,148; p= 0,046), entre los síntomas ansioso/depresivo y los componentes conductual (Rho= -0,240; p= 0,001), físico (Rho= -0,182; p= 0,014) y falta de ansiedad del autoconcepto (Rho= -0,213; p= 0,004). Conclusiones: Las relaciones encontradas entre impulsividad y síntomas internalizantes en los niños, evidencian que los enfados excesivos e injustificados de los padres, pueden asociarse con preocupación excesiva y aislamiento social en los hijos. Estos hallazgos permiten sugerir para futuros estudios, evaluar el efecto de programas para prevenir problemas de ansiedad y depresión en los niños a través del entrenamiento en regulación emocional a los padres.

Abstract Introduction: The emotional competences of the parents are a protective factor for strengthening the self-concept in children; However, when they aren't expressed properly, they can generate internalizing problems in the children. The empirical evidence in Colombia on the relationship between these variables hasn't been sufficient, so it is essential to continue its study. Objective: To identify the relationship between parents' emotional competences, the level of self-concept and internalizing behaviors such as anxiety, depression and somatic complaints in children. Method: In this correlational research, the Parent Educational Style Assessment Questionnaire (CEEP), the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL)parent format and the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale were applied to children. The participants were 364 made up of 182 dyads (parents and children from 8 to 12 years old) from public and private schools in Bogotá, selected under a non-probabilistic sampling for convenience. Results: A statistically significant positive relationship was found between impulsiveness in parents and anxious/depressive symptoms (Rho = 0,213; p= 0,04) and isolated/depressive (Rho= 0,210; p= 0,004) in children. Inverse relationships were found between emotional management and the intellectual component of self-concept (Rho=-0,148; p= 0,046), between anxious/depressive symptoms and behavioral components (Rho = -0,240; p= 0,001), physical (Rho = -0,182; p= 0,014) and lack of self-concept anxiety (Rho=-0,213; p= 0,004). Conclusions: The relationships found between impulsivity and internalizing symptoms in children show that excessive and unjustified anger of parents can be associated with excessive concern and social isolation in children. These findings allow us to suggest for future studies, to evaluate the effect of programs to prevent anxiety and depression problems in children through training in emotional regulation for parents.

Desempeño neurocognitivo de la atención, memoria y función ejecutiva en una población infanto-juvenil escolarizada con y sin presencia de sintomatología internalizante / Neurocognitive performance focuses on attention, memory and executive function in children and adolescents with or without internalizing symptoms

Resumen Objetivo: El presente artículo resultado de investigación tiene como objetivo caracterizar el desempeño neurocognitivo de la atención, memoria y función ejecutiva en una muestra de 50 niños, niñas y adolescentes entre los 10 y 15 años con y sin presencia de sintomatología internalizante. Método: Paradigma positivista, con diseño cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo-comparativo y de corte transversal; para la medición de las variables se utilizaron tres instrumentos: 1. El SCARED para identificar los síntomas de ansiedad; 2. El CDI para los síntomas depresivos; y 3. La ENI para evaluar el desempeño neurocognitivo. Resultados: Se encontró que los niveles de atención, memoria y función ejecutiva fueron similares para los grupos con síntomas ansiosos, depresivos y sin síntomas. Los hallazgos obtenidos en la presente investigación se relacionan con los resultados de algunos estudios identificados entre los años 2003 y 2011. Conclusiones: Esta publicación puede constituirse en un referente importante para el desarrollo de futuros trabajos investigativos enfocados al estudio del desempeño neurocognitivo en poblaciones con y sin presencia de síntomas internalizantes. Se hace necesario promover el número de investigaciones a nivel de la costa Caribe colombiana con el fin de establecer las posibles relaciones o comparaciones entre las variables neurocognitivas y emocionales, así como también, contribuir a la discusión teórica alrededor de la temática de estudio.

Abstract Objective: This paper aims to characterize the neurocognitive performance focuses on attention, memory and executive function; 50 children and adolescents between 10 and 15 years old with and without internalizing symptoms prevalence, were sampled. Method: Positivist paradigm, quantitative design of descriptive-comparative, and cross-sectional study was conducted; for variables measurement, three instruments were used: 1. The SCARED to identify the anxiety symptoms; 2. The CDI for depressive symptoms; 3. The ENI to evaluate neuro-cognitive performance. Results: This research shows as a result that the levels of attention, memory and executive function were similar for groups with anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, or without symptoms. Findings of this research show relationship between the results for 2003 and 2011. Conclusions: This paper might be an important reference for neurocognitive performance development related to populations with or without internalizing symptoms in the future. It is necessary to promote the number of researches at Colombian Caribbean coast in order to establish possible relationship or differences between neurocognitive and emotional variables, as well as contributing for a theoretical discussion corresponding to the topic of this study.

Sintomas internalizantes na adolescência e as relações familiares: uma revisão sistemática da literatura / Internalizing symptoms in adolescence and family relationships: a systematic literature review / Síntomas de internalización en la adolescencia y las relaciones familiares: una revisión sistemática de la literatura

Este artigo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática de literatura, nacional e internacional, no período de 2005 a 2010, sobre os sintomas internalizantes na adolescência e as relações familiares. Inicialmente, foi realizado um levantamento dos artigos indexados nas bases de dados Academic Search Premier, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), ISI Web of Knowledge, Lilacs, MEDLINE with Full Text e SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), utilizando-se os descritores, em português, “problemas internalizantes” ou “sintomas internalizantes” e “adolescência ou adolescente ou jovem” e “família”; e, em inglês, “internalizing problems or internalizing symptoms” and “adolescence or adolescent or teenager” and “family”. Os artigos foram classificados de acordo com o ano de publicação, o país, a metodologia, o instrumento de mensuração para comportamentos internalizantes e, ainda, quanto à temática principal. Na literatura internacional, constatou-se um predomínio de estudos empíricos e de caráter quantitativo, realizados preponderantemente pelos Estados Unidos. No Brasil, observou-se uma grande escassez de estudos integrando as temáticas da sintomatologia internalizante na adolescência e as relações familiares. Foram encontrados somente dois artigos, o que indica a necessidade de realização de mais pesquisas nesta área em nosso país.

This article aims to perform a systematic literature review, national and international, in the period between 2005 to 2010, on internalizing symptoms in adolescence and family relationships. Initially, a survey was conducted in indexed articles in the Academic Search Premier, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), ISI Web of Knowledge, Lilacs, MEDLINE databases with Full Text, and SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), using the descriptors in Portuguese, “problemas internalizantes” or “sintomas internalizantes” and “adolescência ou adolescente ou jovem” and “família” and in English, “internalizing problems or internalizing symptoms” and “adolescence or adolescent or teenager” and “family”. The articles were classified according to the publication year, country, the methodology, the measurement instrument for internalizing behaviors, and also about the main issue related. In the international literature, we found a predominance of empirical studies and quantitative character, performed mainly in the United States. In Brazil, there was a paucity of studies integrating the themes of internalizing symptoms in adolescence and family relationships. We found only two articles, which indicates the need for more research in this area in our country.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura nacional e internacional, en el período 2005-2010, a cerca de los síntomas de internalización en la adolescencia y las relaciones familiares. Al principio, se realizó un levantamiento de artículos indexados en las bases de datos Academic Search Premier, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), ISI Web of Knowledge, Lilacs, MEDLINE with Full Text y SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), utilizando los descriptores en portugués, “problemas internalizantes” o “sintomas internalizantes” y “adolescência o adolescente o jovem” y “família”, y, en inglés, “internalizing problems o internalizing symptoms” y “adolescence o adolescent o teenager” y “family”. Los artículos fueron clasificados de acuerdo con el año de publicación, el país, la metodología, el instrumento de medición y también cuanto a la temática principal. En la literatura internacional, se observó un predominio de estudios empíricos y de carácter cuantitativo, realizados principalmente por los Estados Unidos. En Brasil, se observó una escasez de estudios que integren las temáticas de la sintomatología de internalización de los adolescentes y las relaciones familiares. Fueron encontrados sólo dos artículos, lo que indica la necesidad de realización de más investigaciones en esta área en nuestro país.

Sintomas internalizantes na adolescência e as relações familiares: uma revisão sistemática da literatura / Internalizing symptoms in adolescence and family relationships: a systematic literature review

Este artigo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática de literatura, nacional e internacional, no período de 2005 a 2010, sobre os sintomas internalizantes na adolescência e as relações familiares. Inicialmente, foi realizado um levantamento dos artigos indexados nas bases de dados Academic Search Premier, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), ISI Web of Knowledge, Lilacs, MEDLINE with Full Text e SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), utilizando-se os descritores, em português, “problemas internalizantes” ou “sintomas internalizantes” e “adolescência ou adolescente ou jovem” e “família”; e, em inglês, “internalizing problems or internalizing symptoms” and “adolescence or adolescent or teenager” and “family”. Os artigos foram classificados de acordo com o ano de publicação, o país, a metodologia, o instrumento de mensuração para comportamentos internalizantes e, ainda, quanto à temática principal. Na literatura internacional, constatou-se um predomínio de estudos empíricos e de caráter quantitativo, realizados preponderantemente pelos Estados Unidos. No Brasil, observou-se uma grande escassez de estudos integrando as temáticas da sintomatologia internalizante na adolescência e as relações familiares. Foram encontrados somente dois artigos, o que indica a necessidade de realização de mais pesquisas nesta área em nosso país.(AU)

This article aims to perform a systematic literature review, national and international, in the period between 2005 to 2010, on internalizing symptoms in adolescence and family relationships. Initially, a survey was conducted in indexed articles in the Academic Search Premier, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), ISI Web of Knowledge, Lilacs, MEDLINE databases with Full Text, and SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), using the descriptors in Portuguese, “problemas internalizantes” or “sintomas internalizantes” and “adolescência ou adolescente ou jovem” and “família” and in English, “internalizing problems or internalizing symptoms” and “adolescence or adolescent or teenager” and “family”. The articles were classified according to the publication year, country, the methodology, the measurement instrument for internalizing behaviors, and also about the main issue related. In the international literature, we found a predominance of empirical studies and quantitative character, performed mainly in the United States. In Brazil, there was a paucity of studies integrating the themes of internalizing symptoms in adolescence and family relationships. We found only two articles, which indicates the need for more research in this area in our country.(AU)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura nacional e internacional, en el período 2005-2010, a cerca de los síntomas de internalización en la adolescencia y las relaciones familiares. Al principio, se realizó un levantamiento de artículos indexados en las bases de datos Academic Search Premier, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), ISI Web of Knowledge, Lilacs, MEDLINE with Full Text y SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), utilizando los descriptores en portugués, “problemas internalizantes” o “sintomas internalizantes” y “adolescência o adolescente o jovem” y “família”, y, en inglés, “internalizing problems o internalizing symptoms” y “adolescence o adolescent o teenager” y “family”. Los artículos fueron clasificados de acuerdo con el año de publicación, el país, la metodología, el instrumento de medición y también cuanto a la temática principal. En la literatura internacional, se observó un predominio de estudios empíricos y de carácter cuantitativo, realizados principalmente por los Estados Unidos. En Brasil, se observó una escasez de estudios que integren las temáticas de la sintomatología de internalización de los adolescentes y las relaciones familiares. Fueron encontrados sólo dos artículos, lo que indica la necesidad de realización de más investigaciones en esta área en nuestro país.(AU)