Challenges to self-care and domestic life for adults with disproportionate short statured skeletal dysplasia: a mixed method systematic review.

PURPOSE: This review aims to assess the impact of pain and limitations across self-care and domestic tasks among adults with disproportionate short statured skeletal dysplasia (SD). METHODS: A systematic search was conducted across six electronic databases without language or year of publication restrictions from the date of inception of each database through to 31 July 2024. Clear inclusion criteria were established before search initiation and quality assessment was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). RESULTS: Eight studies including 1,114 adults (mean age 33.1 years) met the inclusion criteria, demonstrating high methodological quality (MMAT ranging from 80 to 100%). Challenges in self-care and domestic tasks were prevalent among adults with disproportionate short statured SD. Personal hygiene (65.6%, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 55.3-74.6%), donning/doffing shoes (54.3%, 95%CI: 38.2-70.0%), and reaching objects (20.2%, 95%CI: 16.8-24.1%) were the most prevalent difficulties, generally falling within low-moderate difficulty. Studies consistently identified mild-intensity pain adversely affected adult's abilities to complete daily activities. Due to the significant heterogeneity of included studies, a meta-analysis was not conducted. CONCLUSIONS: Adults with disproportionate short statured SD experience challenges in self-care and domestic tasks, alongside a notable trend that suggests a higher prevalence of pain is linked to increased difficulty in completing daily tasks.

Adults with disproportionate short statured skeletal dysplasia (SD) encounter substantial difficulties in self-care and domestic activities, warranting therapists to explore adaptation strategies to better assist individuals dealing with the challenges.Increased pain intensity is associated with greater difficulty in performing these tasks, indicating therapists should explore the impact of pain on a person's independence.Rehabilitation professionals should routinely evaluate self-care and pain in adults with disproportionate SD using assessment tools tailored to this condition.

Emotion understanding among institutionalized preschool children in India: A visual-based approach.

The present study aimed to develop two visual tasks to assess the emotion understanding of institutionalized preschool children in India. To enhance the psychometric qualities of both tasks, content validity and inter-rater reliability assessments, translation-back translation and a rigorous peer review process were undertaken. In addition, the tool's components were mapped with institutionalized children's everyday experiences to help them better relate to the task. The tool development phase was followed by the assessment phase. Eighteen participants (nine males, nine females) aged 3-6 years were purposefully selected from three childcare institutions. The emotion identification task required children to identify the correct emotions from the cartoon characters' facial expressions and gestures, whereas, in the emotion situation task, children were asked to infer others' emotions from a vignette depicted by a picture card. Children's responses were videotaped, analysed and coded for both tasks. The study's key findings revealed that institutionalized children responded more accurately to emotion situation tasks yet struggled to identify sadness, anger and fear emotions compared to happiness. Furthermore, qualitative insights provided a comprehensive understanding and interpretation of the findings.

The reality of nursing time: how nurses spend their shifts.

BACKGROUND: Nurse staffing levels are increasingly challenged while pressures on healthcare systems are rising. There is a clear need to optimise efficiency in healthcare delivery in order to deliver safe, effective and quality health care. AIM: To understand how nurses working shifts spend their time and explore opportunities to improve efficiency in care delivery. METHOD: A time-motion study was conducted on three acute care wards in a district general hospital in West Wales; 13 nurses were observed over 14 shifts, each activity undertaken was recorded in real time. FINDINGS: In all, 109 hours were observed. Approximately half of nurses' time is spent delivering direct patient care, with medications administration taking the majority of time. CONCLUSION: A number of recommendations are made involving processes and workforce modelling with the aim of improving efficiency and safety. Further research would be required to assess the impact of their introduction.

To Leave or to Stay? Research on the Double-Edged Sword Effect of Illegitimate Tasks on Employee Turnover Intention.

Purpose: This study explores the double-edged sword impact of illegitimate tasks on turnover intention and how this influence is manifested. Design/methodology/approach: Multisource data were collected from employees in different industries in South China at two points in time. The hypotheses were tested with hierarchical multiple regression analysis in combination with PROCESS macro-based bootstrapping. Findings: Illegitimate tasks can both weaken employees' turnover intention by triggering challenge stressor appraisal and enhance employees' turnover intention by triggering hindrance stressor appraisal. The research results confirm the double-edged sword effect of illegitimate tasks on employees' turnover intention. Practical implications: To mitigate employees' turnover intention and reduce turnover rates, organizational managers need to pay attention to the negative impact of illegitimate tasks and be concerned about employees' subjective cognition of these tasks. Additionally, organizations must optimize work design to reduce unnecessary tasks and assign unreasonable tasks to suitable employees. Originality/value: Based on the cognitive appraisal theory of stress, this study constructs a double-edged sword effect model. The results show that illegitimate tasks not only have negative impacts on employee turnover intention but also have potential positive impacts through two mediating pathways: challenge stressor appraisal and hindrance stressor appraisal. The research results indicate that illegitimate tasks have both a dark side and a bright side.

Are females getting more fatigable as they age?

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare performance fatigability between young (n = 13; 18-35 yr.; 23.5 ± 3.3 yr.), old (n = 13; 60-79 yr.; 68.2 ± 4.3 yr.), and very old (n = 11; ≥ 80 yr.; 85.6 ± 1.8 yr.) females during single-limb isometric (ISO) vs. isokinetic concentric (CON) vs. cycling (BIKE) fatiguing tasks. METHODS: Participants randomly performed three incremental fatiguing tasks where increments were set as percentage of body weight to better reflect the daily life: (1) ISO and (2) CON consisted of stages of 75 contractions (120 s, 0.8 s on/0.8 s off) on an isokinetic dynamometer and (3) BIKE consisted of stages of 120 s at 37.5 rpm with similar duty cycle. Knee extensors maximal force, voluntary activation and potentiated twitch amplitude were measured at baseline, after each stage and at exhaustion. RESULTS: Compared to young, exercise performance was 20% and 53% lower in old and very old females in ISO, 46% and 76% lower in CON and 32% and 62% lower in BIKE (all p < 0.01). For a given workload (i.e. common stages), performance fatigability (i.e. force loss) was greater for very old compared to young females in CON only (p = 0.018). At exhaustion, performance fatigability was similar across groups and conditions (~ 30%; all p > 0.05), with similar impairments in both voluntary activation and twitch amplitude. CONCLUSION: These results emphasize the importance of the kind of fatiguing task and modalities of evaluation when investigating the effects of aging on performance fatigability.

Effect of hyperbaric exposure on cognitive performance: an investigation conducting numerical Stroop tasks during a simulated 440 m sea water saturation diving.

BACKGROUND: Saturation diving (SD) is useful and safe in deep diving for long durations. Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) Undersea Medical Center (UMC) maintained safely deep 45 ATA SDHowever, cognitive performance was reportedly impaired by hyperbaric exposure in over 31 atmosphere absolute (ATA) SD. This study investigated the effects of hyperbaric exposure during 45 ATA deep SD on expert divers' cognitive function using Stroop tasks, a useful method to examine cognitive function, especially in narrow spaces such as SD chambers. METHODS: Two numerical Stroop tasks were utilized to create two magnitude comparisons of a pair of single-digit numerical and physical tasks. Both numerical Stroop tasks were examined twice, at 1 and 45 ATAs, during a simulated 440 m of sea water depth for SD. Participants were 18 male expert JMSDF SD divers (age 36.58 ± 4.89 years). RESULTS: In the numerical task, reaction time (RT) was significantly delayed at 45 ATA compared with 1 ATA in the incongruent condition. In the physical task, RT at 45 ATA was significantly delayed under all the conditions (congruent, incongruent, and neutral). The correct rates (CR) in both numerical Stroop tasks significantly decreased at 45 ATA compared with 1 ATA in the incongruent condition. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that divers' cognition is impaired during 45 ATA deep SD. These results emphasize the importance of monitoring cognition in deep sea SD and highlight the need to educate and train for SD. Further examination combining Stroop tasks with other analyses such as event-related potential (ERP) is expected.

Effects of Training With Different Hang-Power-Clean Intensities on the Maximum Dynamic Strength, Vertical Jump, and Sprint Performance of Female Handball Players.

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of 7 weeks of training with different hang-power-clean (HPC) intensities on the maximum dynamic strength, vertical jump, and sprint performance of female handball players. METHODS: Professional handball athletes with at least 1 year of HPC experience volunteered to participate. The athletes were balanced by position and randomly assigned to a group with HPC at 90% (HPC90%) or 50% (HPC50%) of HPC 1-repetition maximum (1RM). The training volume was equalized between groups. Pretraining and posttraining assessments included 1RM HPC, jump height in the squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ), and sprint speeds at 5, 20, and 30 m. RESULTS: From pretraining to posttraining, both groups significantly increased (P ≤ .05) 1RM HPC, although a small effect size was observed in favor of HPC90%. HPC90% and HPC50% did not induce significant changes (P > .05) in the SJ and CMJ height, although for the SJ, a small effect size was observed in favor of HPC90%. Both groups induced a significant improvement (P ≤ .05) in 5-, 20-, and 30-m sprint speeds, although for all speeds, small to moderate effect sizes were observed in favor of HPC90%. CONCLUSIONS: Both training groups induced significant improvements in 1RM HPC and sprint speeds, whereas no significant changes were observed in vertical jumps. In addition, based mainly on the effect sizes, the HPC90% group was more effective for increasing 1RM HPC, SJ, and sprint speeds than the HPC50% group.

Tasks and responsibilities of clinical midwives in Dutch hospitals.

BACKGROUND: The number of Dutch clinical midwives has increased substantially over the last 20 years, but their tasks, responsibilities, and formal positions remain unclear. This study aimed to gain insight into the current tasks and responsibilities of clinical midwives in Dutch hospitals. We also aimed to determine whether these tasks varied among three types of hospitals in the Netherlands: secondary nonteaching hospitals, secondary teaching hospitals, and tertiary hospitals. METHODS: A cross-sectional national survey in which a questionnaire was sent to 810 clinical midwives from 78 hospitals was conducted. Responses from 412 (51%) clinical midwives from 77 hospitals were included in the analysis. RESULTS: Most respondents (97%) provided care in the delivery wards. They were often involved in the induction of labor (88%), requests for pain relief (87%), cases of meconium-stained fluid (59%), prolonged first-stage labor (56%), and maternal hypertensive disorders (43%). Daily tasks and responsibilities were determined by the type of pathology (60%), caseload in the ward (48%), and years of work experience (28%). The tasks varied according to hospital type, and the majority also conducted non-care-related tasks, such as auditing (83%) and teaching (67%). CONCLUSIONS: Dutch clinical midwives play important roles in obstetric care. They provide care for women with a wide range of pathologies they are not always trained for. In addition, they perform non-care-related tasks. Their tasks varied according to hospital type. To ensure that they are both skilled and authorized, compulsory training and formalization of their profession are possible interventions.

Advanced practice among diagnostic radiographers - An international survey.

INTRODUCTION: As the global healthcare system evolves, diagnostic radiographers (DRs) are taking on advanced roles, constituting advanced radiography practice. This study explored the definition of ARP tasks among DRs, radiology department managers (RDMs), and National Society Officers (NSOs) on a global scale. METHODS: Data collection was obtained via a self-developed online survey administered via email and social media to DRs, RDMs, and NSOs. The survey sought to collect demographic data, insights into definition of ARP tasks, and perceptions regarding global practice. RESULTS: 206 respondents from 25 countries participated, predominantly from Norway (n = 77), Australia (n = 34), and Portugal (n = 20). 71.7 % of DR respondents defined teaching as ARP task, while RDMs (74.2) and NSOs (88.8 %) identified approving image quality independently as ARP. 53.4 % of DRs perceived their practice as ARP-aligned, with awareness reported by 44.8 % of DRs, 66.7 % of RDMs, and 77.8 % of NSOs. CONCLUSION: This study provides a clearer understanding of the task respondents consider ARP and the extent to which it is practiced, whereas DRs are increasingly performing advanced tasks globally. Clarifying ARP tasks in the workplace will promote a common understanding of the role and foster support for its establishment in diagnostic radiography. Further research is required to gather a more comprehensive international perspective on ARP tasks, especially given the limitations of this study, as well as the limited responses from the Americas and African regions. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Clear definitions of ARP tasks are necessary for seamless integration of ARP into current practices. Additionally, advocating for official recognition, and global acknowledgement by the profession and key stakeholders are imperative for DRs to fully develop in these areas.

Prognostic value of exercise tolerance and exercise-induced diastolic dysfunction in elderly patients referred for exercise stress echocardiography.

BACKGROUND: We studied the prognostic value of exercise tolerance and exercise-associated diastolic dysfunction (Ex-DD) in elderly patients referred for exercise stress echocardiography (ExE). METHODS: A total of 674 patients ≥60 years who underwent ExE using the Bruce protocol between January 2017 and December 2020 were included in this study. The prognostic factors examined were exercise tolerance, quantified in metabolic equivalents of tasks (METs), and Ex-DD. Patients were followed for a composite endpoint of all-cause death and cardiovascular hospitalization. RESULTS: 122 (18 %) patients had Ex-DD and had a higher incidence of the combined outcome (23 [19 %] vs. 47 [9 %], p = 0.001) compared to patients without Ex-DD. Patients were classified into the following groups: group A (no Ex-DD and METs≥8.5), group B (either Ex-DD or METs<8.5), and group C (both Ex-DD and METs<8.5). Group B did not show higher mortality (HR: 1.6, p = 0.475) or cardiovascular hospitalization (HR: 1.8, p = 0.08) compared to group A, but showed an increased risk for the combined outcome (HR: 1.9, p = 0.038). Group C was associated with higher mortality (HR: 4.8, p = 0.032), cardiovascular hospitalization (HR: 3.9, p < 0.001), and the combined outcome (HR: 4.0, p < 0.001) compared to group A. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased exercise capacity and Ex-DD were associated with poor outcomes, especially when both findings were present.

Effects of Dual Tasks Including Gum Chewing on Prefrontal Cortex Activity.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects on prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity of listening to pleasant sounds (PS) while walking, gum chewing (GCh), or performing the dual task of walking and gum chewing at the same time (walking + GCh). A total of 11 healthy adult male volunteers participated in the study (mean age: 29.54 ± 3.37). The block design of the trial consisted of a 30-sec rest, a 60-sec task (target task or control task), and a 30-sec rest. There were three target task conditions: walking, GCh, and the dual task. All of these were performed while listening to PS. The control condition was rest (no exercise) while listening to PS. The outcomes measured and measurements used were PFC activity using two-channel near-infrared spectroscopy and participant self-evaluation of the pleasantness of the experience using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Compared to the control condition, there was significantly greater PFC activation during the GCh and the walking + GCh tasks. Compared to the control condition, GCh and walking + GCh showed significantly greater activation on the VAS measure. In conclusion, listening to PS while GCh or walking + GCh increases PFC activity in the lower central region and induces positive emotional change.

[Use of microbiological data for the purposes of forensic medical examination]. / Ispol'zovanie mikrobiologicheskikh dannykh dlya tselei sudebno-meditsinskoi ekspertizy.

The study objective was to describe the formation of forensic microbiological examination as an analysis of a new type, defined as the detection and registration of reliably measured environmental and physiological changes within the microbial community of corpse in order to substantiate the possibility of using microbiological parameters to establish the prescription of death coming. It has been determined that the knowledge of the patterns of interaction of a human and his corpse with endogenous and exogenous flora provides the basis for solving a number of traditional and new application-oriented expert tasks and the allocation of such a variety of forensic examination as forensic microbiological examination. Endogenous and exogenous human flora and its interaction with living and dead biological tissues are the objects of this kind of examination, and the dynamic patterns of such interaction are the subject of study. One of the initial relevant tasks of forensic microbiological examination consists in development of methods, adequate for the expert task to be solved, choice of the research «target¼, «models¼ for comparative analysis and medium, adequate for task in hand, as well as certification of these methods and standardization of assessment criteria for the obtained results.

Evaluating large language models in theory of mind tasks.

Eleven large language models (LLMs) were assessed using 40 bespoke false-belief tasks, considered a gold standard in testing theory of mind (ToM) in humans. Each task included a false-belief scenario, three closely matched true-belief control scenarios, and the reversed versions of all four. An LLM had to solve all eight scenarios to solve a single task. Older models solved no tasks; Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT)-3-davinci-003 (from November 2022) and ChatGPT-3.5-turbo (from March 2023) solved 20% of the tasks; ChatGPT-4 (from June 2023) solved 75% of the tasks, matching the performance of 6-y-old children observed in past studies. We explore the potential interpretation of these results, including the intriguing possibility that ToM-like ability, previously considered unique to humans, may have emerged as an unintended by-product of LLMs' improving language skills. Regardless of how we interpret these outcomes, they signify the advent of more powerful and socially skilled AI-with profound positive and negative implications.

From pre-training to fine-tuning: An in-depth analysis of Large Language Models in the biomedical domain.

In this study, we delve into the adaptation and effectiveness of Transformer-based, pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) within the biomedical domain, a field that poses unique challenges due to its complexity and the specialized nature of its data. Building on the foundation laid by the transformative architecture of Transformers, we investigate the nuanced dynamics of LLMs through a multifaceted lens, focusing on two domain-specific tasks, i.e., Natural Language Inference (NLI) and Named Entity Recognition (NER). Our objective is to bridge the knowledge gap regarding how these models' downstream performances correlate with their capacity to encapsulate task-relevant information. To achieve this goal, we probed and analyzed the inner encoding and attention mechanisms in LLMs, both encoder- and decoder-based, tailored for either general or biomedical-specific applications. This examination occurs before and after the models are fine-tuned across various data volumes. Our findings reveal that the models' downstream effectiveness is intricately linked to specific patterns within their internal mechanisms, shedding light on the nuanced ways in which LLMs process and apply knowledge in the biomedical context. The source code for this paper is available at https://github.com/agnesebonfigli99/LLMs-in-the-Biomedical-Domain.

Effects of Different Auditory Stimuli and Cognitive Tasks on Balance in Healthy Young Adults.

INTRODUCTION: This study investigated the effect of different auditory stimuli and cognitive tasks on balance in healthy young adults. METHODS: Thirty-three participants, aged 23.33 ± 2.43 years, were included in the study. The hearing levels of the participants were determined. Static and dynamic postural stability and limits of stability (LOS) tests were performed in the absence of auditory stimuli, in the presence of spondee word lists at 70 dB(A) and in the presence of spondee+white noise (-6 dB signal-to-noise ratio [SNR]), while auditory stimuli were presented bilaterally with supra-aural headphones. Participants were asked to repeat the words they listened to while performing balance-related tasks. RESULTS: No significant differences between the three conditions were observed in the postural stability and LOS results. Increase in total repetition error was observed as the listening task became more difficult. CONCLUSION: The presence of auditory stimuli and the cognitive tasks did not cause any changes in the participants' balance.

EXPRESS: Advancing an account of hierarchical dual-task control: A focused review on abstract higher-level task representations in dual-task situations.

Dual tasks are a common phenomenon in everyday life. In dual-task contexts, we perform two component tasks in temporal overlap, which usually results in impaired performance in one or both of these component tasks relative to single-task contexts. Numerous studies have examined dual-task interference at the level of response selection, but only few studies addressed the cognitive representation of a dual task and the cognitive mechanisms controlling these representations. The present review outlines recent empirical findings and theoretical developments concerning these two issues. In detail, the review focuses on different components of a cognitive dual-task representation, including the representation of component-task specific information (i.e., information about the goal and stimulus-response mapping of a component task), the representation of component-task order information (i.e., information about the order in which the component tasks have to executed), and the representation of dual-task identity information (i.e., information about which two component tasks have to be performed). A particular emphasis is placed on the cognitive representation of dual-task identity information, which is examined in a recent research line employing the task-pair switching logic as an empirical approach. By conceptualizing a dual-task representation as a hierarchical multi-component representation, the review integrates the research line on the cognitive representation of dual-task identity information with those on the representation of component-task specific information and of component-task order information. Based on this conceptualization, the review provides a new theoretical contribution to dual-task research and highlights an integrative perspective on the different components of cognitive dual-task representations.

A comment on the Revised Diffusion Model for Conflict tasks (RDMC).

In conflict tasks, such as the Simon, Eriksen flanker, or Stroop task, a relevant and an irrelevant feature indicate the same or different responses in congruent and incongruent trials, respectively. The congruency effect refers to faster and less error-prone responses in congruent relative to incongruent trials. Distributional analyses reveal that the congruency effect in the Simon task becomes smaller with increasing RTs, reflected by a negative-going delta function. In contrast, for other tasks, the delta function is typically positive-going, meaning that congruency effects become larger with increasing RTs. The Diffusion Model for Conflict tasks (DMC; Ulrich et al., Cognitive Psychology, 78, 148-174, 2015) accounts for this by explicitly modeling the information accumulated from the relevant and the irrelevant features and attributes negatively- versus positively-sloped delta functions to different peak times of a pulse-like activation resulting from the task-irrelevant feature. Because the underlying function implies negative drift rates, Lee and Sewell (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 31(5), 1-31, 2024) recently questioned this assumption and suggested their Revised Diffusion Model for Conflict tasks (RDMC). We address three issues regarding RDMC compared to DMC: (1) The pulse-like function is not as implausible as Lee and Sewell suggest. (2) RDMC itself comes with a questionable assumption that different parameters are required for congruent and incongruent trials. (3) Moreover, we present data from a new parameter recovery study, suggesting that RDMC lacks acceptable recovery of several parameters (in particular compared to DMC). In this light, we discuss RDMC as not (yet) a revised version of DMC.

Neuroergonomic Attention Assessment in Safety-Critical Tasks: EEG Indices and Subjective Metrics Validation in a Novel Task-Embedded Reaction Time Paradigm.

Background/Objectives: This study addresses the gap in methodological guidelines for neuroergonomic attention assessment in safety-critical tasks, focusing on validating EEG indices, including the engagement index (EI) and beta/alpha ratio, alongside subjective ratings. Methods: A novel task-embedded reaction time paradigm was developed to evaluate the sensitivity of these metrics to dynamic attentional demands in a more naturalistic multitasking context. By manipulating attention levels through varying secondary tasks in the NASA MATB-II task while maintaining a consistent primary reaction-time task, this study successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of the paradigm. Results: Results indicate that both the beta/alpha ratio and EI are sensitive to changes in attentional demands, with beta/alpha being more responsive to dynamic variations in attention, and EI reflecting more the overall effort required to sustain performance, especially in conditions where maintaining attention is challenging. Conclusions: The potential for predicting the attention lapses through integration of performance metrics, EEG measures, and subjective assessments was demonstrated, providing a more nuanced understanding of dynamic fluctuations of attention in multitasking scenarios, mimicking those in real-world safety-critical tasks. These findings provide a foundation for advancing methods to monitor attention fluctuations accurately and mitigate risks in critical scenarios, such as train-driving or automated vehicle operation, where maintaining a high attention level is crucial.

Reaction-time task reliability is more accurately computed with permutation-based split-half correlations than with Cronbach's alpha.

While it has become standard practice to report the reliability of self-report scales, it remains uncommon to do the same for experimental paradigms. To facilitate this practice, we review old and new ways to compute reliability in reaction-time tasks, and we compare their accuracy using a simulation study. Highly inaccurate and negatively biased reliability estimates are obtained through the common practice of averaging sets of trials and submitting them to Cronbach's alpha. Much more accurate reliability estimates are obtained using split-half reliability methods, especially by computing many random split-half correlations and aggregating them in a metric known as permutation-based split-half reliability. Through reanalysis of existing data and comparison of reliability values reported in the literature, we confirm that Cronbach's alpha also tends to be lower than split-half reliability in real data. We further establish a set of practices to maximize the accuracy of the permutation-based split-half reliability coefficient through simulations. We find that its accuracy is improved by ensuring each split-half dataset contains an approximately equal number of trials for each stimulus, by correcting the averaged correlation for test length using a modified variant of the Spearman-Brown formula, and by computing a sufficient number of split-half correlations: around 5,400 are needed to obtain a stable estimate for median-based double-difference scores computed from 30 participants and 256 trials. To conclude, we review the available software for computing this coefficient.

Brain-movement relationship during upper-limb functional movements in chronic post-stroke patients.

BACKGROUND: Following a stroke, brain activation reorganisation, movement compensatory strategies, motor performance and their evolution through rehabilitation are matters of importance for clinicians. Two non-invasive neuroimaging methods allow for recording task-related brain activation: functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (fEEG), respectively based on hemodynamic response and neuronal electrical activity. Their simultaneous measurement during movements could allow a better spatiotemporal mapping of brain activation, and when associated to kinematic parameters could unveil underlying mechanisms of functional upper limb (UL) recovery. This study aims to depict the motor cortical activity patterns using combined fNIRS-fEEG and their relationship to motor performance and strategies during UL functional tasks in chronic post-stroke patients. METHODS: Twenty-one healthy old adults and 21 chronic post-stroke patients were recruited and completed two standardised functional tasks of the UL: a paced-reaching task where they had to reach a target in front of them and a circular steering task where they had to displace a target using a hand-held stylus, as fast as possible inside a circular track projected on a computer screen. The activity of the bilateral motor cortices and motor performance were recorded simultaneously utilizing a fNIRS-fEEG and kinematics platform. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Kinematic analysis revealed that post-stroke patients performed worse in the circular steering task and used more trunk compensation in both tasks. Brain analysis of bilateral motor cortices revealed that stroke individuals over-activated during the paretic UL reaching task, which was associated with more trunk usage and a higher level of impairment (clinical scores). This work opens up avenues for using such combined methods to better track and understand brain-movement evolution through stroke rehabilitation.