Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 38
Filtrar
3.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol ; 36(6): 866-872, 2022 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35080274

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Benzyl alcohol is a widely used preservative, solvent and fragrance material. According to published data, it is a rare sensitizer in humans. OBJECTIVES: To identify characteristics and sensitization patterns of patients with positive patch test reactions to benzyl alcohol and to check the reliability of the patch test preparation benzyl alcohol 1% pet. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of data from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), 2010-2019. RESULTS: Of 70 867 patients patch tested with benzyl alcohol 1% pet., 146 (0.21%) showed a positive reaction, most of them (89%) only weakly positive. The number of doubtful and irritant reactions significantly exceeded the number of positive reactions. Reproducibility of positive test reactions was low. Among benzyl alcohol-positive patients, compared to benzyl alcohol-negative patients, there were significantly more patients with leg dermatitis (17.8% vs. 8.6%), more patients aged 40 years or more (81.5% vs. 70.5%) and more patients who were tested because of a suspected intolerance reaction to topical medications (34.9% vs. 16.6%). Concomitant positive reactions were mainly seen to fragrances, preservatives and ointment bases. CONCLUSIONS: Sensitization to benzyl alcohol occurs very rarely, mainly in patients with stasis dermatitis. In view of our results, benzyl alcohol cannot be regarded as a significant contact allergen, and therefore marking it as skin sensitizer 1B and labelling it with H 317 is not helpful.


Assuntos
Dermatite Alérgica de Contato , Perfumes , Alérgenos/efeitos adversos , Álcool Benzílico/efeitos adversos , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/epidemiologia , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/etiologia , Humanos , Testes do Emplastro/métodos , Perfumes/efeitos adversos , Conservantes Farmacêuticos/efeitos adversos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos
5.
Expert Opin Drug Saf ; 19(12): 1625-1640, 2020 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32767900

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Critically ill patients receiving parenteral drugs are at an increased risk of exposure to various excipients administered simultaneously and at increased amounts. Hence, we carried out the present study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients admitted in the adult, pediatric, and neonatal intensive care units were recruited following their consent. Details on their demographics, diagnoses, and drugs administered and the excipients were collected. RESULTS: Almost all the critically ill patients received drugs containing at least one excipient. Significant numbers of critically ill neonates received at least one of either known to be harmful or potentially harmful excipients. Critically ill neonates had significantly greater daily exposure of macrogol than children and adults; and benzyl alcohol (v/v) and propyl paraben compared to adults. Critically ill neonates and children had greater exposure to benzyl alcohol (w/v), methyl paraben, sodium metabisulfite than adults did. Benzyl alcohol exposure was likely to be several-fold high in critically ill patients. Exposures to benzyl alcohol and propylene glycol were possibly linked to increased risk of mortality particularly in neonates. CONCLUSION: Critically ill neonates and children are likely to receive a significantly greater quantity of harmful excipients than critically ill adults. Benzyl alcohol and propylene glycol exposure are likely to be associated with increased risk of mortality in critically ill.


Assuntos
Álcool Benzílico/efeitos adversos , Estado Terminal/mortalidade , Excipientes/efeitos adversos , Propilenoglicol/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Infusões Parenterais , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
6.
J Perinatol ; 38(2): 169-174, 2018 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29095430

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The excipients benzyl alcohol, propylene glycol and ethanol are present in medications used in the neonatal intensive care unit. Exposure to high levels can have adverse effects in a neonatal population. The objective was to quantify excipient exposure in very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates and identify risk factors associated with greater exposure. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective record review of VLBW infants admitted over 1 year. Excipient exposures were calculated and multivariable regression analyses identified risk factors for increasing exposure. RESULTS: In total, 98% of subjects were exposed to at least one excipient. A total of 5 to 9% received doses higher than recommended for adults. Necrotizing enterocolitis, seizure, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and longer stay predicted higher excipient exposure. CONCLUSION: The excipients examined are in medications commonly prescribed for VLBW neonates, and cumulative doses may exceed recommended exposures for adults. Although safety profiles have not been established, judicious use of medication containing these excipients is warranted for this population.


Assuntos
Álcool Benzílico/farmacologia , Etanol/farmacologia , Excipientes/farmacologia , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso , Propilenoglicol/farmacologia , Baltimore , Álcool Benzílico/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ambiental , Etanol/efeitos adversos , Excipientes/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Doenças do Prematuro/induzido quimicamente , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Tempo de Internação , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Propilenoglicol/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco
8.
Food Chem Toxicol ; 86: 253-61, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26522885

RESUMO

Acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity is a serious public health problem in western countries. Current treatment options for APAP poisoning are limited and novel therapeutic intervention strategies are needed. A recent publication suggested that benzyl alcohol (BA) protects against APAP hepatotoxicity and could serve as a promising antidote for APAP poisoning. To assess the protective mechanisms of BA, C56Bl/6J mice were treated with 400 mg/kg APAP and/or 270 mg/kg BA. APAP alone caused extensive liver injury at 6 h and 24 h post-APAP. This injury was attenuated by BA co-treatment. Assessment of protein adduct formation demonstrated that BA inhibits APAP metabolic activation. In support of this, in vitro experiments also showed that BA dose-dependently inhibits cytochrome P450 activities. Correlating with the hepatoprotection of BA, APAP-induced oxidant stress and mitochondrial dysfunction were reduced. Similar results were obtained in primary mouse hepatocytes. Interestingly, BA alone caused mitochondrial membrane potential loss and cell toxicity at high doses, and its protective effect could not be reproduced in primary human hepatocytes (PHH). We conclude that BA protects against APAP hepatotoxicity mainly by inhibiting cytochrome P450 enzymes in mice. Considering its toxic effect and the loss of protection in PHH, BA is not a clinically useful treatment option for APAP overdose patient.


Assuntos
Acetaminofen/toxicidade , Álcool Benzílico/farmacologia , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/prevenção & controle , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Hepatócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Analgésicos não Narcóticos/toxicidade , Anestésicos Locais/toxicidade , Animais , Álcool Benzílico/administração & dosagem , Álcool Benzílico/efeitos adversos , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL
9.
AJR Am J Roentgenol ; 203(5): 1059-62, 2014 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25341145

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the effect of benzyl alcohol, a common preservative in normal saline, on postprocedural pain after intraarticular injection for direct shoulder MR arthrography. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: From April 2011 through January 2013, 138 patients underwent direct shoulder MR arthrography. Using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale, patients were asked to report their shoulder pain level immediately before and immediately after the procedure and then were contacted by telephone 6, 24, and 48 hours after the procedure. Fourteen patients did not receive the prescribed amount of contrast agent for diagnostic reasons or did not complete follow-up. Sixty-two patients received an intraarticular solution including preservative-free normal saline (control group) and 62 patients received an intraarticular solution including normal saline with 0.9% benzyl alcohol as a contrast diluent (test group). Patients were randomized as to which intraarticular diluent they received. Fluoroscopic and MR images were reviewed for extracapsular contrast agent administration or extravasation, full-thickness rotator cuff tears, and adhesive capsulitis. The effect of preservative versus control on pain level was estimated with multiple regression, which included time after procedure as the covariate and accounted for repeated measures over patients. RESULTS: Pain scale scores were significantly (p = 0.0382) higher (0.79 units; 95% CI, 0.034-1.154) with benzyl alcohol preservative compared with control (saline). In both study arms, the pain scale scores decreased slightly after the procedure, increased by roughly 1 unit over baseline for the test group and 0.3 unit over baseline for the control group by 6 hours after the procedure, were 0.50 unit over baseline for the test group and 0.12 unit over baseline for the control group at 24 hours, then fell to be slightly greater than baseline at 48 hours with benzyl alcohol and slightly less than baseline without benzyl alcohol. These trends over time were highly significant (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Shoulder arthrography is often associated with postprocedural discomfort that begins immediately after the procedure and resolves by 48 hours. There is significantly increased patient discomfort at 6 and 48 hours when using normal saline preserved with benzyl alcohol as a diluent compared with using normal saline without preservative as a diluent.


Assuntos
Artrografia/efeitos adversos , Álcool Benzílico/efeitos adversos , Excipientes/efeitos adversos , Dor Pós-Operatória/induzido quimicamente , Cloreto de Sódio/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Álcool Benzílico/administração & dosagem , Meios de Contraste/administração & dosagem , Meios de Contraste/efeitos adversos , Meios de Contraste/química , Excipientes/química , Feminino , Humanos , Injeções Intra-Articulares/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição da Dor/efeitos dos fármacos , Dor Pós-Operatória/diagnóstico , Conservantes Farmacêuticos/efeitos adversos , Conservantes Farmacêuticos/química , Cloreto de Sódio/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
10.
BMC Complement Altern Med ; 12: 12, 2012 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22380404

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Litchi chinensis is regarded as one of the 'heating' fruits in China, which causes serious inflammation symptoms to people. METHODS: In the current study, the effects of isolates of litchi on prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and nitric oxide (NO) production in J774 murine macrophage cells were investigated. RESULTS: The AcOEt extract (EAE) of litchi was found effective on stimulating PGE(2) production, and three compounds, benzyl alcohol, hydrobenzoin and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfurolaldehyde (5-HMF), were isolated and identified from the EAE. Benzyl alcohol caused markedly increase in PGE(2) and NO production, compared with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as positive control, and in a dose-dependent manner. Hydrobenzoin and 5-HMF were found in litchi for the first time, and both of them stimulated PGE(2) and NO production moderately in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression and NF-κB (p50) activation might be involved in mechanism of the stimulative process. CONCLUSION: The study showed, some short molecular compounds in litchi play inflammatory effects on human.


Assuntos
Dinoprostona/biossíntese , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Litchi/efeitos adversos , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido Nítrico/biossíntese , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Animais , Benzoína/efeitos adversos , Benzoína/análogos & derivados , Benzoína/isolamento & purificação , Álcool Benzílico/efeitos adversos , Álcool Benzílico/isolamento & purificação , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/genética , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Frutas , Furanos/efeitos adversos , Furanos/isolamento & purificação , Inflamação/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos , Litchi/química , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Camundongos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/química , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA