Data-driven space planning: using Suma to collect data.

Library users frequently make individual requests to staff about how they would like us to improve the services and resources, but it can be difficult to prioritize such requests. To proactively understand how we can improve our library, library staff undertook a comprehensive assessment of spaces and resources using Suma.

Creating value through outreach in a hospital setting: a case study from Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital Library.

BACKGROUND: Hospital libraries must often demonstrate value to users who are not aware of their services. Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (ZSFG) Library aimed to increase patient and staff awareness using innovative outreach methods through our involvement in a Summerfest health fair and a National Medical Librarians Month event. CASE PRESENTATION: At 2 hospital events, ZSFG Library staff and volunteers used a game show-style approach involving active learning to teach attendees about library resources and services. Across events, there were 300 attendees and 167 in-depth discussions of library resources with the librarian, including 54 demonstrations. After implementing these new outreach efforts, the number of attendees increased by over 240% and meaningful interactions increased by 1,300% from the previous year's event. Our value analysis indicates an overall positive effect with 14 minutes of total library staff time spent per meaningful interaction. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a spinnable wheel for asking participants library-related questions and a television monitor to demonstrate library resources greatly increased the number of attendees and fostered new staff connections, resulting in several in-service trainings and search requests. Future recommendations for outreach events include enlisting the help of volunteers to record attendance data, creating materials in multiple languages, and integrating library involvement into existing hospital events. These recommendations may decrease the amount of library staff time spent in return for each meaningful interaction, creating increased value for less time.

Uso de la dapagliflozina en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Use of dapagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Introducción: la dapagliflozina es un inhibidor del cotransportador sodio-glucosa tipo 2, un nuevo grupo de fármacos que disminuyen la glucemia, con bajo riesgo de hipoglucemia y con discreta pérdida de peso. Objetivo: describir algunos aspectos de interés sobre el uso de la dapagliflozina en el tratamiento de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, para lo cual, se realizó una revisión de varios artículos publicados sobre el tema, a través de algunas bases de datos y de los buscadores habituales (PubMed, Cochrane, Google, y otros), teniendo en cuenta su calidad y actualidad, según criterio de los autores. Desarrollo: la dapagliflozina es administrada por vía oral, e inhibe la reabsorción de glucosa en el túbulo proximal renal y aumenta la excreción urinaria de glucosa (efecto glucosúrico). Se utiliza a una dosis de 10 mg diarios, sola o asociada a otros medicamentos normo o hipoglucemiantes. En ambos casos es capaz de disminuir los niveles de la hemoglobina glucosilada. Su efectividad es similar a las sulfonilureas. Los efectos adversos más frecuentes se relacionan con un incremento de las infecciones genitourinarias, cetoacidosis con glucemias no tan elevadas, y cáncer. Conclusiones: la dapagliflozina es efectiva en reducir los niveles de la hemoglobina glucosilada, el peso corporal y de la presión arterial en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, sobre todo, cuando se adiciona a otros medicamentos como la metformina. Su uso debe ser considerado como un tratamiento coadyuvante, aunque su indicación se debe individualizar, debido a su costo y sus posibles efectos adversos(AU)

Introduction: dapagliflozin is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, a new group of pharmaceuticals that reduce glycemia, with low risk of hypoglycemia and modest loss of weight. Objective: to describe some aspects of interest on the use of dapagliflozin in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus for which several articles published on this topic were reviewed through some databases and the regular searchers (PubMed, Cochrane, Google and others), taking into account their quality and topicality, according to the authors' criteria. Development: dapagliflozin is orally administered and inhibits the re-absorption of glucose in the renal proximal tubule and increases the urinary glucose excretion (glycosuric effect). The dose is 10 mg daily, single or combined with other normoglycemic and hypoglycemic drugs. In both cases, it is able to diminish the levels of glycosylate hemoglobin. The effectiveness of this new drug is similar to that of the sulfonylureas. The most frequent effects are related to increase in genitourinary infections, ketoacidosis with not so high glycemia values and cancer. Conclusions: dapagliflozin is effective for the reduction of levels of glycosylate hemoglobin, body weight and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, mainly when added to other drugs like metformin. It should be considered as a coadjuvant treatment, although it should be prescribed on an individual footing due to its cost and possible adverse effects(AU)

Articles Published and Downloaded by Public Health Scientists: Analysis of Data From the CDC Public Health Library, 2011-2013.

OBJECTIVE: To describe scientific information usage and publication patterns of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Public Health Library and Information Center patrons. DESIGN: Administratively collected patron usage data and aggregate data on CDC-authored publications from the CDC Library for 3 consecutive years were analyzed. SETTING: The CDC Public Health Library and Information Center, which serves CDC employees nationally and internationally. PARTICIPANTS: Internal patrons and external users of the CDC Library. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Three-year trends in full-text article publication and downloads including most common journals used for each purpose, systematic literature searches requested and completed, and subscriptions to a weekly public health current literature awareness service. RESULTS: From 2011 to 2013, CDC scientists published a total of 7718 articles in the peer-reviewed literature. During the same period, article downloads from the CDC Library increased 25% to more than 1.1 million, completed requests for reviews of the scientific literature increased by 34%, and electronic subscriptions to literature compilation services increased by 23%. CONCLUSIONS: CDC's scientific output and information use via the CDC Library are both increasing. Researchers and field staff are making greater use of literature review services and other customized information content delivery. Virtual public health library access is an increasingly important resource for the scientific practice of public health.

Comparación de dos clasificaciones de preparaciones cavitarias y lesiones cariosas: Mount y Hume, y Black / Comparison of two classifications of cavity preparations and carious lesions: Mount & Hume, and Black

Introducción: en la práctica clínica de la estomatología es común encontrar profesionales que no conocen ni saben aplicar la clasificación de preparaciones cavitarias de Mount y Hume. En la literatura en idioma español es escasa la información acerca del tema, a pesar de que las entidades rectoras del gremio internacional la consideran vigente. Objetivo: comparar la clasificación de las preparaciones cavitarias dentales según Mount y Hume, modificada por Lasfargues y otros, con la de Black. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de revisión bibliográfica sobre la clasificación de las preparaciones cavitarias según Mount y Hume, en la que se incluyeron artículos publicados desde 2006 hasta 2014. Se revisaron revistas de impacto en Internet que tratan el tema (en: Google académico, Scopus, Scielo, Hinari, y Medline). Los términos utilizados fueron: new cavity classification, cavity design, preservation and restoration of tooth structure, enamel remineralization, Mount Hume Lasfargues Classification. Los 163 artículos obtenidos fueron tamizados; pero el estudio se ciñó solo a 52 artículos que trataban estas temáticas de manera más integral. Análisis e integración de la información: se consideró a la clasificación de Black como insuficiente en cuanto a las nuevas tecnologías y conceptos actuales orientadas al logro de terapias mínimamente invasivas. Mount y Hume demuestran con su clasificación las limitaciones de las preparaciones de Black. Consideraciones finales: la clasificación de Black presentó limitaciones en relación con la de Mount y Hume, y Lasfargues. Ambas clasificaciones deben coexistir, y es factible aplicarlas en la estomatología conservadora actual(AU)

Introduction: in dental practice it is common to find professionals who do not know or are unable to apply Mount & Hume's cavity preparation classification. Information about the subject is scarce in the literature published in Spanish, despite the fact that leading dental institutions worldwide consider it to have current validity. Objective: compare Mount & Hume's classification of dental cavity preparations as modified by Lasfargues and colleagues, with Black's. Methods: a bibliographic review was conducted of papers about Mount & Hume's classification of cavity preparations published from 2006 to 2014. The review included high impact online journals from the databases Google Scholar, Scopus, Scielo, Hinari and Medline. The search terms used were new cavity classification, cavity design, preservation and restoration of tooth structure, enamel remineralization, Mount Hume Lasfargues Classification. The 163 papers obtained were scanned, but the study was restricted to the 52 which dealt with the topic in a more comprehensive manner. Data analysis and integration: black's classification was considered to be insufficient in the light of the new technologies and current concepts about minimally invasive therapies. Mount & Hume's classification shows the limitations of Black's preparations. Final considerations: black's classification had limitations with relation to Mount & Hume's and Lasfargues'. Both classifications should coexist and it is feasible to apply them in current conservative dental practice(AU)

A preliminary analysis of library holdings as compared to the basic resources for pharmacy education list.

The catalogs of 11 university libraries were analyzed against the Basic Resources for Pharmaceutical Education (BRPE) to measure the percent coverage of the core total list as well as the core sublist. There is no clear trend in this data to link school age, size, or rank with percentage of coverage of the total list or the "First Purchase" core list when treated as independent variables. Approximately half of the schools have significantly higher percentages of core titles than statistically expected. Based on this data, it is difficult to predict what percentage of titles on the BRPE a library will contain.

Bibliotherapy for mental health service users Part 2: a survey of psychiatric libraries in the UK.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: UK health policy advocates a patient-centred approach to patient care. Library services could serve the rehabilitation needs of mental health service users through bibliotherapy (the use of written, audio or e-learning materials to provide therapeutic support). Part 2 of this two-part paper assesses the views of psychiatric libraries in the UK on providing access to service users and possible services provided. METHODS: An e-mail questionnaire survey of psychiatric library members of the psychiatric lending co-operative scheme (n = 100) obtained a response rate of 55%, mostly from libraries based in hospitals. RESULTS: At present, libraries funded by the health service provide minimal facilities for service users. Librarians are uncertain about the benefits and practicalities of providing access to service users. CONCLUSIONS: In order to implement change, information providers across the National Health Service (NHS) will need to work collaboratively to overcome attitudinal and institutional barriers, including the key issue of funding.

Laws, leaders, and legends of the modern National Library of Medicine.

PURPOSE: The paper is an expanded version of the 2007 Joseph Leiter National Library of Medicine (NLM)/Medical Library Association Lecture presented at MLA '07, the Medical Library Association annual meeting in Philadelphia in May 2007. It presents an historical accounting of four major pieces of legislation, beginning with the NLM Act of 1956 up through the creation of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. BRIEF DESCRIPTION: The transition from the United States Armed Forces Medical Library to the United States National Library of Medicine in 1956 was a major turning point in NLM's history, scope, and direction. The succeeding landmark legislative achievements--namely, the 1965 Medical Library Assistance Act, the 1968 Joint Resolution forming the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, and the 1988 authorization for the National Center for Biotechnology Information--transformed the library into a major biomedical communications institution and a leader and supporter of an effective national network of libraries of medicine. The leaders of the library and its major advocates--including Dr. Michael DeBakey, Senator Lister Hill, and Senator Claude Pepper-together contributed to the creation of the modern NLM.

Qualitative analysis of parents' information needs and psychosocial experiences when supporting children with health care needs.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the information needs of parents of children with health care needs. METHODS: A series of three focus groups and one in-depth interview were held with parents (n = 10, 90% female) in Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK. RESULTS: Findings were grouped into four themes: delivery of information; levels of support; relationship between the family and professional; and management of events. Parents expressed a preference for information to be delivered on a verbal, 'one-to-one' basis by a professional, supplemented by accessible, written reference materials. The provision of a contact telephone number for a named professional, so further information could be obtained when required, was identified as a key source of support. Participants emphasized the importance of being consulted about the care of their child, the interaction between professional and child, and also of being treated as an individual by the professional. CONCLUSIONS: Delivery of information to parents may be most effective on a verbal, 'one-to-one' basis with a professional, in conjunction with written accessible general and child-specific reference materials. The importance to parents of the provision of contact details for a named professional and specialist nurse support is also emphasized. The psychosocial experiences of parents, along with the impact of the relationship between family and professional, and requirement for good channels of communication, must be taken into account by professionals during the care of children with health care needs. These findings have important implications for professionals and service providers for the future delivery of information to parents of children with health care needs.

The role of an NHS library service in the UK: the perceptions of clinical managers in Portsmouth, UK.

BACKGROUND: Portsmouth NHS Library Service is exploring methods of raising its profile within its host organization and wishes to demonstrate its contribution to achieving organizational goals, perhaps by means of an impact study. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this small scale study, regarded as a possible precursor to an impact study, was to identify areas where there is potential to increase awareness among clinical managers of the Library's contribution. METHODS: An e-mail survey was sent to clinical managers to elicit their opinions regarding the contribution of the Library Service to organizational goals. RESULTS: Perhaps unsurprisingly, the role of the Library Service in education, research and effectiveness was most widely recognized. Of responses, 30/42 (71%) rated it as 'very important' and a further 11 (26%) rated it as 'important'. The low appreciation of the Library Service to Clinical Services is a disappointment in view of the body of research evidence. Only 12 respondents (29%) thought that the Library Service contributed 'significantly' by 'supporting informed and timely clinical decision making'. CONCLUSION: The study suggested areas where there might be scope to raise awareness of the Library contribution. In considering how best to achieve this, the benefits need to be weighed against the resource implications. Portsmouth NHS Library Service decided to increase its marketing efforts but not to carry out an impact study in the short term.

Electronic journal provision in a health-care library: insights from a consultation with NHS workers.

OBJECTIVE: This study determines the current awareness journal reading requirements of the users of Stockport National Health Service (NHS) Trust's library. The overlap between requirements and the provision of the NHS Core Content resources, four major electronic journal bundles, and the holdings of North West health libraries is also investigated. METHODS: A survey of both hospital and Primary Care Trust staff was conducted, and respondents were required to provide a list of their favourite journal titles. Each requested title was assigned a subject code, and the impact factor was noted. RESULTS: From 135 survey responses, 217 journal titles were identified and 33 category codes were utilized. There was little overlap between the request list and the NHS Core Content titles, but substantial correspondence existed between the request list and the print holdings of North West health libraries. CONCLUSIONS: Current awareness journal reading requirements will not be met by the Core Content provision alone. Bundles of titles offer value-for-money solutions, but may be at the expense of popular titles. Furthermore, the success of regional document supply schemes may be compromised if large numbers of health-care libraries replace print holdings with similar electronic journal bundles.

Evaluation of web-based osteoporosis educational materials.

BACKGROUND: Many women are unaware of risk factors for and consequences of osteoporosis. Hence, patient education is an essential step in preventing and managing osteoporosis. Unfortunately, numerous studies have demonstrated a mismatch between the reading difficulty of typical patient education materials and the reading ability of many American adults. METHODS: We examined the readability and quality of web-based information on osteoporosis using the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) and DISCERN instruments. The three most widely used Internet search engines, Google, Yahoo, and MSN, were selected based on popularity according to Nielsen/Net Ratings. The search term osteoporosis was entered to generate the first 30 websites listed by each of the three search engines. Several websites appeared on all three search engines; we identified 27 unique websites. RESULTS: Overall, 51.9% of materials were rated by the SAM as not suitable. Most materials scored poorly for their reading level (82.6% were rated not suitable), with an average reading level at grade 11.5 +/- 2.8. The mean DISCERN score for overall description of treatment options was 35.7 +/- 18.0, indicating inadequate quality. Most materials had low quality in a number of indicators, including accuracy and biased presentation of information. CONCLUSIONS: Web-based osteoporosis information is written above the reading ability of most American adults, and much of it lacks adequate quality.

Availability of accessible publications: designing a methodology to provide reliable estimates for the Right to Read Alliance.

OBJECTIVES: To establish reliable estimates of the proportion of books available in formats accessible to visually impaired people; to recommend a practical method of updating the estimates. METHODS: The project had two stages. Stage one estimated the overall availability of all categories of books. The British National Bibliography (BNB) for 1999-2003 was chosen as the sampling frame. A sample of 2069 titles over the 5 years was selected using a systematic sample design. These titles were then checked for availability against the catalogues of four major producer/suppliers of materials in accessible formats. The second stage involved checking the availability of books in six genres; about 400 titles for each genre were examined. RESULTS: Of the titles selected for the overall estimate, 92 (4.4%) were found to be available in one or more accessible formats. Availability of titles in accessible formats varied greatly between categories. Adult fiction had the highest number of available publications (26.3%), least represented were cookery (1.9%) and gardening (1.8%). CONCLUSIONS: This study provided baseline figures and a methodology for the Right to Read Alliance to monitor their progress in campaigning for more books to be accessible to visually impaired people.

A survey of users and non-users of a UK teaching hospital library and information service.

BACKGROUND: The Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust was formed in 2002 with the merger of two existing trusts. The library services unified to create a new expanded service with 11 staff. OBJECTIVES: The librarians wanted to test out users' opinions of the service, as a basis for a developmental strategy. They also wanted to find out to what extent they were offering a multi-disciplinary service, available to all staff. Therefore it was decided to include both users and non-users in the survey. METHODS: A twenty-question questionnaire was sent out to a 10% sample of registered users in all staff categories. The same questionnaire was sent out to a 10% sample of non-users, with the help of the Human Resources Department. RESULTS: The library staff and facilities were generally well regarded. The stock needed expansion in various areas, especially allied health and biomedical science. Non-users were in fact often occasional or remote users. Other non-users needed informing that they were entitled to use the service. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is required, especially concerning the information needs of allied health and scientific staff. There is a need for stock expansion. A marketing strategy is required to capture the interest of potential users.

Health information in Italian public health websites: moving from inaccessibility to accessibility.

AIMS: In January 2004, the Italian government passed new legislation designed to give people with disabilities access to online services. Starting from the new legislation requirements, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether Italian Local Health Authorities websites are accessible to users with different abilities. METHODS: One hundred and seventy websites were analysed evaluating their compliance to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Priority 1 guidelines via a combination of appropriate accessibility testing methods. This review was carried out twice: the first time it took place between the end of 2003 and May-June 2004. The same survey was repeated again in December 2004, after the issuing of the draft of the Implementation Regulations for The Stanca Law in July 2004. In this second survey, all the websites analysed before were checked again to establish if some measures to make those sites accessible were taken. RESULTS: Seventy-six per cent of the analysed websites fail to satisfy the most basic W3C requirements, but Italian Local Health Authorities websites are likely to present significant improvements to access for some disabled user groups: the number of accessible websites increased consistently between the first and the second review. CONCLUSIONS: It seems that awareness of web accessibility issues is increasing among developers of health information websites because of law enforcement. Recommendations for future research and development are offered.

The National Library of Medicine's Native American outreach portfolio: a descriptive overview.

OBJECTIVES: This paper provides the most complete accounting of the National Library of Medicine's (NLM's) Native outreach since 1995, when there were only a few scattered projects. METHOD: The descriptive overview is based on a review of project reports, inventories, and databases and input from the NLM Specialized Information Services Division, National Network Office of the Library Operations Division, National Network of Libraries of Medicine, and Office of Health Information Programs Development of the Office of the NLM Director. The overview focuses on NLM-supported or sponsored outreach initiatives involving Native peoples: American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians. RESULTS: The review of NLM's relevant activities resulted in a portfolio of projects that clustered naturally into the following areas: major multisite projects: Tribal Connections and related, Native American Information Internship Project: Sacred Root, tribal college outreach and tribal librarianship projects, collaboration with inter-tribal and national organizations, participation in Native American Powwows, Native American Listening Circle Project, Native American Health Information, and other Native American outreach projects. IMPLICATIONS: NLM's Native American Outreach reached programmatic status as of late 2004. The companion paper identifies several areas of possible new or enhanced Native outreach activities. Both papers highlight the importance of solid reporting and evaluation to optimize project results and programmatic balance and priorities.

Community outreach: from measuring the difference to making a difference with health information.

BACKGROUND: Community-based outreach seeks to move libraries beyond their traditional institutional boundaries to improve both access to and effectiveness of health information. The evaluation of such outreach needs to involve the community in assessing the program's process and outcomes. PURPOSE: Evaluation of community-based library outreach programs benefits from a participatory approach. To explain this premise of the paper, three components of evaluation theory are paired with relevant participatory strategies. CONCEPTS: The first component of evaluation theory is also a standard of program evaluation: use. Evaluation is intended to be useful for stakeholders to make decisions. A useful evaluation is credible, timely, and of adequate scope. Participatory approaches to increase use of evaluation findings include engaging end users early in planning the program itself and in deciding on the outcomes of the evaluation. A second component of evaluation theory seeks to understand what is being evaluated, such as specific aspects of outreach programs. A transparent understanding of the ways outreach achieves intended goals, its activities and linkages, and the context in which it operates precedes any attempt to measure it. Participatory approaches to evaluating outreach include having end users, such as health practitioners in other community-based organizations, identify what components of the outreach program are most important to their work. A third component of evaluation theory is concerned with the process by which value is placed on outreach. What will count as outreach success or failure? Who decides? Participatory approaches to valuing include assuring end-user representation in the formulation of evaluation questions and in the interpretation of evaluation results. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of community-based outreach is a complex process that is not made easier by a participatory approach. Nevertheless, a participatory approach is more likely to make the evaluation findings useful, ensure that program knowledge is shared, and make outreach valuing transparent.