Microwave ablation for diffuse adenomyosis leading to multiple complications after hysterectomy: A case report and literature review.

RATIONALE: Hysterectomy after microwave ablation (MWA) is more difficult than conventional surgery which increases the probability of postoperative complications due to MWA's collateral thermal damage to nearby intestines. Here we report a case of multiple postoperative complications after hysterectomy following MWA. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 44-year-old female was admitted due to progressive abdominal pain during menstruation for 30 years and no relief 1 year after MWA. Hysterectomy was performed. Intraoperative findings: pelvic inflammatory exudation; the uterus and the left adnexa were extensively and densely adhered to the intestine, bladder, pelvic wall and surrounding tissues; the local tissue of the uterus was brittle and dark yellow. Intestinal obstruction, abdominal infection and urinary fistula occurred after hysterectomy. DIAGNOSES: 1. Adenomyosis. 2. Endometrial polyps. 3. Left chocolate cyst of ovary. 4. Pelvic adhesions. 5. Pelvic inflammation. INTERVENTIONS: The patient underwent intestinal obstruction catheter implantation, ultrasound-guided pelvic fluid mass puncture drainage, right kidney puncture and fistula drainage, right ureteral bladder replantation, and right ureteral stent implantation. OUTCOMES: After 48 days of comprehensive treatment, the patient was cured and discharged. LESSONS: Microwave ablation has a poor therapeutic effect on diffuse adenomyosis, and should avoid excessive ablation during the ablation process.

Whether surgical procedure can improve the prognosis of endometrial cancer arising in adenomyosis (EC-AIA)? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Endometrial cancer arising in adenomyosis (EC-AIA) is frequently detected accidentally following a general hysterectomy for adenomyosis. Whether supplemental lymphadenectomy in patients with EC-AIA can improve the survival outcome remains inconclusive. Herein, the authors summarized the data of patients with EC-AIA and further explored the impact of lymphadenectomy on the prognosis of these patients. METHODS: Five electronic databases, namely MEDLINE, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were employed for searching articles from inception to May 2023. RESULTS: In total, 38 eligible studies enrolling 56 patients were included. Of these, 44 patients had a traceable prognosis. Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that patients who had undergone lymphadenectomy had a better progression-free survival (PFS) compared with those who had not undergone lymphadenectomy ( P =0.016), but there was no difference in overall survival. Univariable ( P =0.025, HR=0.25, 95% CI=0.08-0.84) and multivariable ( P =0.042, HR=0.13, 95% CI=0.020-0.930) Cox regression analyses revealed that lymphadenectomy was an independent protective factor for PFS. CONCLUSION: For patients diagnosed with EC-AIA following hysterectomy for benign disease, further supplementary lymphadenectomy is recommended to improve PFS.

Analysis of related factors influencing postoperative recurrence of adenomyosis treated with HIFU.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for adenomyosis and postoperative recurrence and its influencing factors. METHODS: Clinical and follow-up data of 308 patients with adenomyosis who were treated with HIFU in Haifu Center, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2017 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The recurrence of adenomyosis and the efficacy of HIFU at 6 months after surgery were followed up. To explore factors influencing postoperative prognosis and recurrence, the following variables were analyzed: patients' age, course of disease, gravidity and parity, size of the uterus, duration of HIFU, duration of irradiation, treatment intensity, dysmenorrhea score, time of follow-up, combined treatment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), western medicine adjuvant treatment, lesion location and type, and menorrhagia. RESULTS: Among the 308 patients, 238 (77%) were followed up from 6 to 36 months, with an average follow-up time of 15.24 ± 9.97 months. The other 70 (23%) were lost to follow-up. At 6-month after surgery, efficacy rates of dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia management were 86.7% and 89.3%, respectively. Postoperative recurrence rates were 4.8% (1-12 months), 9.0% (12-24 months), and 17.0% (24-36 months) for dysmenorrhea; and 6.3% (1-12 months), 2.4% (12-24 months), and 12.2% (24-36 months) for menorrhagia. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that parity (P = 0.043, OR = 1.773, 95% CI 1.018-3.087), uterine size (P = 0.019, OR = 1.004, 95% CI 1.001-1.007), combined treatment of TCM (P = 0.047, OR = 1.846, 95% CI 1.008-3.381), diffuse lesion type (P = 0.013, OR = 0.464, 95% CI 0.254-0.848) and ablation rate (P = 0.015, OR = 0.481, 95%CI 0.267-0.868) were prognostic factors (P < 0.05). Age, course of disease, gravidity, duration of HIFU, duration of irradiation, treatment intensity, preoperative dysmenorrhea score, time of follow-up, western medicine adjuvant therapy, lesion location, and preoperative menstrual volume had no effect on prognosis (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: HIFU can effectively relieve dysmenorrhea and reduce menstrual volume in patients with adenomyosis. Parity, uterine size, lesion type (diffuse), and ablation rate are risk factors for symptom recurrence after HIFU, while the combination of TCM therapy is a protective factor for relapse. We, therefore, recommend TCM in the adjuvant setting after HIFU according to patient condition.

Non-contrast enhanced MRI for efficiency evaluation of high-intensity focused ultrasound in adenomyosis ablation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in evaluating the therapeutic effect of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in adenomyosis ablation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred eighty-nine patients with adenomyosis were treated with HIFU. The ablation areas on T2WI and DWI sequences were classified into different types: type I, relatively ill-defined rim or unrecognizable; subtype IIa, well-defined rim with hyperintensity; subtype IIb, well-defined rim with hypointensity. The volume of ablation areas on T2WI (VT2WI) and DWI (VDWI) was measured and compared with the non-perfused volume (NPV), and linear regression was conducted to analyze their correlation with NPV. RESULTS: The VT2WI of type I and type II (subtype IIa and subtype IIb) were statistically different from the corresponding NPV (p = 0.004 and 0.024, respectively), while no significant difference was found between the VDWI of type I and type II with NPV (p = 0.478 and 0.561, respectively). In the linear regression analysis, both VT2WI and VDWI were positively correlated with NPV, with R2 reaching 0.96 and 0.97, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Both T2WI and DWI have the potential for efficient evaluation of HIFU treatment in adenomyosis, and DWI can be a replacement for CE-T1WI to some extent.

Effects of different treatment methods on clinical efficacy and fertility outcomes of patients with adenomyosis.

OBJECTIVE: This trial was to investigate the effect of different treatment methods on the clinical efficacy and fertility outcome of patients with adenomyosis. METHODS: In total, 140 patients with adenomyosis were evenly and randomly allocated into group A (laparoscopic surgery), group B (laparoscopic surgery combined with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs [GnRH-a]), group C (ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation), and group D (ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation combined with GnRH-a). On the 3rd day after surgery, patients in group B and group D were subcutaneously injected with GnRH-a (Leuprorelin Acetate SR for Injection) at 3.75 mg/time, once every 4 weeks, for a total of 3 months. The therapeutic effects of the 4 groups were compared, including menstrual volume, dysmenorrhea score, uterine volume, clinical efficacy, luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, CA125 levels, recurrence, pregnancy status, and pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: After treatment, the menstrual volume of 4 groups was lowered, dysmenorrhea, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, LH, FSH, E2, and CA125 levels were reduced, and uterine volume was decreased. The menstrual volume, VAS score, levels of LH, FSH, E2, and CA125, and uterine volume were reduced in groups B, C, and D compared with group A, and the decrease was more significant in group D. The total effective rate of group D was 100.00%, which was higher than that of group A (71.43%), group B (80.00%), and group C (82.86%). After one year of drug withdrawal, the recurrence of hypermenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, uterine enlargement, and excessive CA125 in group D was significantly lower than that in groups A, B and C, and the recurrence in groups B and C was significantly lower than that in group A (P < 0.05). Compared with groups A, B, and C, group D had a higher pregnancy rate, natural pregnancy rate, and lower in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer rate (P < 0.05), but showed no significant difference in pregnancy outcomes. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation combined with Leuprorelin Acetate is effective in the treatment of adenomyosis, which can effectively relieve clinical symptoms, protect postoperative ovarian function, reduce recurrence rate, alleviate pain, and improve quality of life.

Laparoscopic adenomyomectomy combined with levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system is effective for long-term management of adenomyosis.

BACKGROUD: Laparoscopic adenomyomectomy combined with intraoperative placement of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUS) is a novel conservative surgical procedure for adenomyosis. Our study aimed to compare the efficacy of surgery with or without intraoperative placement of LNG-IUS treatment in adenomyosis. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of adenomyosis patients who received laparoscopic adenomyomectomy from January 2014 to April 2020, finally including 70 patients undergoing surgery-LNG-IUS as group A and 69 patients undegoing surgery only as group B. Risk factors for three-year relapse were analyzed using Cox's multivariate proportional hazard analysis. RESULTS: Visual analog scale and Mansfield-Voda-Jorgensen Menstrual Bleeding Scale scores of group A at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months were significantly lower than those of group B at the corresponding points (P < .001 for both scales). Individuals in both groups showed statistically significant symptom relief. The recurrence rate in group A was significantly lower than that in group B at 36 months after the surgery (2.94% vs. 32.84%, P < .001). A cox proportional hazard model showed that relapse was significantly associated with coexisting ovarian endometriosis (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33-7.02, P = .015). Patients who received surgery-LNG-IUS had a lower risk of recurrence than those with surgery-alone (aHR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.016-0.31, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Conservative surgery with intraoperative placement of LNG-IUS is effective and well-accepted for long-term therapy with a lower recurrence rate for adenomyosis. Coexistent ovarian endometriosis is a major factor for adenomyosis relapse.

Treatment of adenomyosis, abdominal wall endometriosis and uterine leiomyoma with interventional radiology: A review of current evidences.

Interventional radiology shows promises in the field of women's health, particularly in pelvic interventions. This review article discusses the latest advancements in interventional radiology techniques for pelvic conditions affecting women including adenomyosis, abdominal wall endometriosis and uterine leiomyoma. Extraperitoneal endometriosis involving the abdominal wall may be treated by percutaneous thermal ablation, such as cryoablation, whereas uterine leiomyoma and adenomyosis can be managed either using percutaneous thermal ablation or using uterine artery embolization. Continued research and development in interventional radiology will further enhance the minimally-invasive interventions available for women's health, improving outcomes and quality of life for this large patient population of women.

Extrauterine adenomyoma: A case report and systematic review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of extrauterine adenomyoma (EA) and review all the cases of EA in the literature. METHODS: Pubmed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar from 1807 to December 2022. All studies reporting the histologic diagnosis of an EA. We collected the following data: patient's age, size and location of adenomyoma, presence of endometriosis and adenomyosis, past gynecologic treatment, symptoms, diagnostic imaging, surgical intervention, alternative/adjuvant treatment, associated malignancy, and follow up. RESULTS: Sixty-seven studies with 85 patients were included. Pain was the most frequent symptom (69.5%). Among diagnostic examinations, ultrasonography was used in 60 out of 81 reported cases, with several radiologic features described. EA was located inside the pelvis in 77.6% of patients. Adnexa were the most frequent site of the disease (24, 28.2%). History of endometriosis or adenomyosis was described in 35 patients (35, 41.2%). Uterine tissue morcellation was reported in 6 of the 85 patients (7.1%). Associated malignancy was detected in 9 out of 85 patients with available data (10.6%). There were two recurrences of disease. CONCLUSION: Specific imaging features of EA are yet to be described in the literature. History of endometriosis and adenomyosis or uterine tissue morcellation may be suggestive of EA. Histologic examination can give a definitive diagnosis and exclude malignant transformation.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Classification Systems for Informing Better Outcomes of Adenomyosis After Ultrasound-Guided High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablating Surgery.

BACKGROUND: A referenced MRI-based classification associated with focused ultrasound ablation surgery (FUAS) outcomes is lacking in adenomyosis. PURPOSE: To identify an MRI-based classification system for informing the FUAS outcomes. STUDY TYPE: Retrospective. POPULATION: Patients with FUAS for adenomyosis, were divided into a training set (N = 643; 355 with post-FUAS gonadotropin-releasing hormone/levonorgestrel, 288 without post-FUAS therapy) and an external validation set (N = 135; all without post-FUAS therapy). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 1.5 T, turbo spin-echo T2-weighted imaging and single-shot echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging sequences. ASSESSMENT: Five MRI-based adenomyosis classifications: classification 1 (C1) (diffuse, focal, and mild), C2 (intrinsic, extrinsic, intramural, and indeterminate), C3 (internal, adenomyomas, and external), C4 (six subtypes on areas [internal or external] and volumes [<1/3 or ≥2/3]), and C5 (internal [asymmetric or symmetric], external, intramural, full thickness [asymmetric or symmetric]) for FUAS outcomes (symptom relief and recurrence). STATISTICAL TESTS: The optimal classification was significantly associated with the most subtypes of FUAS outcomes. Relating to the timing of recurrence was measured using Cox regression analysis and median recurrence time was estimated by a Kaplan-Meier curve. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Dysmenorrhea relief and recurrence were only associated with C2 in training patients undergoing FUAS alone. Compared with other subtypes, the extrinsic subtype of C2 was significantly associated with dysmenorrhea recurrence in the FUAS group. Besides, the median dysmenorrhea recurrence time of extrinsic subtype was significantly shorter than that of other subtypes (42.0 months vs. 50.3 months). In the validation cohort, C2 was confirmed as the optimal system and its extrinsic subtype was confirmed to have a significantly shorter dysmenorrhea recurrence time than other subtypes. DATA CONCLUSION: Classification 2 can inform dysmenorrhea relief and recurrence in patients with adenomyosis undergoing FAUS only. Itsextrinsic subtype was associated with an earlier onset of dysmenorrhea recurrence after treatment. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 5.

Feasibility and Effectiveness of Hysteroscopic Suture Fixation of the Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System in the Treatment of Adenomyosis.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of hysteroscopic suture fixation of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) for the treatment of adenomyosis. DESIGN: A retrospective case series. SETTING: Two teaching hospitals with the technology of hysteroscopic suture fixation of the LNG-IUS. PATIENTS: The study reviewed 79 adenomyosis patients who received the hysteroscopic suture fixation of the LNG-IUS from January 2021 to May 2022. INTERVENTION: Hysteroscopic suture fixation of the LNG-IUS to the posterior uterine wall with nondissolvable suture. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All patients underwent one-year postoperative follow-up to evaluate the LNG-IUS expulsion rate, postoperative efficacy, and side effects. Two patients (2.6%) experienced expulsion of the LNG-IUS at 8 months and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. The visual analog pain scale, pictorial blood loss assessment chart score and carbohydrate antigen 125 markedly decreased after the suture fixation of the LNG-IUS compared with baseline in all patients (p <.001). Hemoglobin increased significantly (p <.001). The most common side effect was irregular bleeding, which accounted for 44.3%. The second common side effect was weight gain, which accounted for 29.2%. The composite effectiveness based on pain and bleeding showed that the effective treatment rates at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery were 92.4%, 97.4%, 96.2%, and 97.4% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Hysteroscopic suture fixation of the LNG-IUS to the uterine fundus was associated with low expulsion rates and significantly improved dysmenorrhea and bleeding.

[Epidemiological and anatomopathological profile of endometriosis in Dakar: retrospective study over a period of 20 years]. / Aspects épidémiologique et anatomopathologique des endométrioses à Dakar : étude rétrospective sur une période de 20 ans.

INTRODUCTION: Endometriosis is a gynecological pathology defined by the presence and abnormal development of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Our objective was to draw up an epidemiological profile and to describe the anatomical clinical forms of endometriosis in Dakar. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of all cases of external and internal endometriosis diagnosed in an anatomy and pathology laboratory in Dakar over a period of twenty (20) years. The study parameters were collected from anonymous data sheets. Data entry and analysis were performed using version 22 of the EPI INFO and SPSS software. RESULTS: Our study involved 104 female patients. The mean age was 47.3±10.0. Among the patients with an adenomyosis condition, the mean age was 49.8 years. Patients with an external endometriosis condition had a mean age of 37.6 years. The location of the endometriosis was statistically correlated with the age of patients and with parity. Anatomically and pathologically, the surgical specimen 89.4% (n=93) was the main type of sampling that was found. The uterine body was the main location of the pathology, with 78.9% (n=82), followed by the umbilical location with 9.6% (n=10). Leiomyomas 44.07% (n=26) were the main associated lesions. CONCLUSION: Endometriosis is a gynecological pathology that is unfortunately not well known, and which is under diagnosed in Senegal.

Adenomyosis in women undergoing hysterectomy for abnormal uterine bleeding associated with uterine leiomyomas.

BACKGROUND: Uterine leiomyomas and adenomyosis are both common and often associated with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), including the symptom of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). Understanding the prevalence of adenomyosis in women with uterine leiomyomas could inform clinicians and patients in a way that may improve therapeutic approaches. OBJECTIVE: To explore the prevalence of adenomyosis in a group of women who underwent hysterectomy for AUB-L, to determine the prevalence of submucous leiomyomas, and to examine the utility of preoperative ultrasound to detect the presence of adenomyosis. METHODS: The Kaiser Permanente Hysterectomy Database (KPHD) was searched for women aged 18-52 undergoing hysterectomy for leiomyoma-associated chronic AUB (AUB-L) in 2018 and 2019. A target sample of 400 comprised those with at least 3 years in the Health System. Radiologists evaluated preoperative pelvic ultrasound images to determine leiomyoma size and level 2 FIGO type (submucous or other), and the linked electronic medical record abstracted for clinical features, including histopathological evidence of adenomyosis. RESULTS: Of the 370 subjects that met the study criteria, adenomyosis was identified via histopathology in 170 (45.9%). There was no difference in the adenomyosis prevalence with (47.1%) and without (43.0%) at least one submucous leiomyoma. Subgroup analysis of ultrasound images by an expert radiologist for the presence of adenomyosis demonstrated a positive predictive value of 54.0% and a negative predictive value of 43.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Adenomyosis was present in almost half of this AUB-L cohort undergoing hysterectomy and was equally prevalent in those with and without submucous leiomyomas as determined by sonographic evaluation. The imaging findings are in accord with prior investigators and demonstrate that 2-D ultrasound is insensitive to the presence of adenomyosis when the uterus is affected by leiomyomas. Further research is necessary to determine the impact of various adenomyosis phenotypes on the presence and severity of the symptom of HMB.

Pulmonary embolism after diagnostic curettage in patient with adenomyosis and hysteromyoma: A case report and brief review of literature.

RATIONALE: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common cause of cardiovascular death whose major acquired risk factors include postoperative states, pregnancy, malignancy, and age. We report a case of PE that occurred after diagnostic curettage for abnormal uterine bleeding, with a medical history of adenomyosis and hysteromyoma. PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSES: A 31-year-old Han Chinese female was referred to our hospital with menstrual disorders, increased menstrual flow, and severe anemia. After admission, the patient was treated with a blood transfusion, iron supplementation, and erythropoietin, and diagnostic curettage was performed the following day. On the first postoperative day, the patient developed pulmonary embolism with dyspnea and fever diagnosed by CT pulmonary angiography and significantly elevated D-dimer. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES: Molecular weight heparin was administered for PE for 2 weeks, dyspnea was relieved significantly after 2 days of treatment and the uterine bleeding did not increase; and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists were administered for adenomyosis after 1 week of anticoagulant therapy to reduce bleeding. We followed up for 6 months, and the patient had no recurrence of thrombosis and uterine bleeding had improved. CONCLUSION: We speculate that the occurrence of pulmonary embolism was closely related to adenomyosis, hysteromyoma, and curettage in this patient. Treating the presence of both menstrual bleeding and thromboembolism is challenging, and careful management is necessary to avoid therapeutic contradictions.

Outcome of uterine functional structures protection by fertility preservative PUSH surgery in diffuse adenomyosis.

This study reports the outcomes of an innovative fertility-preserving surgery for the treatment of diffuse adenomyosis that is known as a surgery for protection of uterine structure for healing (PUSH Surgery). Developed at Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, PUSH Surgery aims to achieve radical excision of adenomyotic lesions by reconstructing the uterus with overlapping muscle flaps to promote optimal healing of the uterine wall and reduce the risk of scar rupture in subsequent pregnancies. PUSH Surgery was performed on 146 patients with diffuse adenomyosis, with uteri measuring from 8 to 16 gestational weeks and an average volume of 230 ± 150cm³. Regular follow-up was conducted for up to 156 months, revealing a significant reduction in VAS pain scores from 9.4 ± 1.2 before the surgery to 0.3 ± 0.8 and 0.6 ± 1.0 at 1 and 2 years post-surgery, respectively, with a continuous alleviation rate of 96.4% after the operations. Notably, 100% of patients with severe menorrhagia reported normal menstruation volumes within 2 years. Additionally, 31 patients attempted to conceive, resulting in a 58% postoperative pregnancy rate and a 60.0% intrauterine live embryo rate. Operation-related complications occurred in 2.7% of patients, with a 3.6% recurrence rate after more than 2 years of follow-up. Importantly, no cases of uterine rupture or severe complications were observed in the pregnant patients. In conclusion, PUSH Surgery offers a promising approach for the radical excision of adenomyotic lesions, promoting improved tissue healing and significant symptom relief.

Adenomyoma recurrence 7 years after laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy: A case report and literature review.

RATIONALE: Adenomyosis, a gynecological condition characterized by endometrial tissue within the uterine myometrium, often leads to menstrual pain and heavy bleeding, significantly affecting the quality of life. The primary treatment for adenomyosis and leiomyomas is hysterectomy. However, in rare instances, these conditions can recur in the cervical stump following a hysterectomy.Here, we present a case of cervical adenomyoma development after a prior laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 47-year-old woman sought medical attention due to increased vaginal bleeding. DIAGNOSES: She had undergone a laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy 7 years earlier to address uterine myoma and adenomyosis. Just 1 month posthysterectomy, a pelvic ultrasound revealed the presence of a cervical stump measuring approximately 4.0 × 4.0 cm. Subsequent follow-up ultrasounds documented the gradual growth of the cervical mass. Two years ago, a recurrent myoma was identified, and the patient experienced intermittent vaginal bleeding. Over 7 years, the cervical mass increased from 4 to 7 cm. Preadmission pelvic ultrasonography confirmed the existence of cervical adenomyoma measuring 7 × 6 cm. INTERVENTIONS: Consequently, the patient underwent a laparoscopic trachelectomy. Intraoperatively, an enlarged cervix, approximately 7 × 6 cm in size, containing adenomyoma was observed. A gross examination of the specimen indicated hypertrophic muscle tissue and hemorrhagic foci. Subsequent histopathological examination confirmed the presence of adenomyoma. OUTCOMES: Remarkably, the patient exhibited no recurrence over the subsequent 8 months. LESSONS: The case presented here highlights the potential occurrence of cervical adenomyoma following a supracervical hysterectomy. Management options include hormone therapy and surgical excision. Furthermore, annual follow-up comprising ultrasound and pap smear evaluations is recommended for patients with supracervical hysterectomies to detect and address possible recurrences.

Clinical analysis of acute postoperative pain after total laparoscopic hysterectomy for adenomyosis and uterine fibroids - a prospective observational study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the outcome of total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) and postoperative pain characteristics and compare the pain severity after TLH for adenomyosis or uterine fibroids. METHODS: This prospective observational study collected 101 patients received TLH for adenomyosis (AD group) including 41 patients were injected goserelin (3.6 mg) 28 days before TLH, while other adenomyosis patients received TLH without preoperative treatment, and 113 patients received TLH for uterine fibroids (UF group). Pain scores were evaluated at different time sites from operation day to postoperative 72 h using the numeric rating scale. Clinical data were collected from clinical record. RESULTS: Operative time and anaesthetic time were longer in the AD group than those in the UF group (66.88 ± 8.65 vs. 64.46 ± 7.21, p = 0.04; 83.95 ± 10.05 vs. 79.77 ± 6.88, p < 0.01), severe endometriosis was quite more common in AD group (23.76% vs. 2.65%, p < 0.01). Postoperative usage of Flurbiprofen in AD group were more than that of UF group (15.48 ± 38.00 vs. 4.79 ± 18.16, p = 0.02). Total pains and abdominal visceral pains of AD group were more severe compared with UF group in motion and rest pattern at several time sites, while incision pain and shoulder pain were similar. The total postoperative pains after goserelin preoperative treatment in AD group were less than that without goserelin preoperative treatment (p < 0.05). The levels of serum NPY, PGE2 and NGF after laparoscopic hysterectomy of adenomyosis reduced with GnRH agonist pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS: Acute postoperative pain for adenomyosis and uterine fibroids showed considerably different severity, postoperative total pain and abdominal visceral pains of TLH for adenomyosis were more severe compared with uterine fibroids. While patients received goserelin before laparoscopic hysterectomy of adenomyosis suffered from less severity of postoperative total pain than that without goserelin preoperative treatment.

Acute postoperative pain for adenomyosis and uterine fibroids showed considerably different severity, postoperative total pain and abdominal visceral pains of TLH for adenomyosis were more severe compared with uterine fibroids.Patients received goserelin before laparoscopic hysterectomy of adenomyosis suffered from less severity of postoperative total pain than that without goserelin preoperative treatment.

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for adenomyosis with abnormal uterine bleeding: clinical outcome and associated factors.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors affecting the efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous microwave ablation (PMWA) for adenomyosis with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB-A). METHODS: Baseline data of patients with AUB-A who underwent US-guided PMWA treatment between October 2020 and October 2021, including demography characteristics, laboratory and imaging examination results were retrospectively analyzed. 3D reconstruction of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was applied to quantitatively assess the local treatment responses, including ratio of non-perfusion volume to adenomyosis volume (NPVr), ablation rate of the endometrial-myometrial junction (EMJ), and surface area (SA) of the ablated part of the EMJ. Patients were followed up at 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment, and divided into two groups: group with complete relief (CR), and group with partial relief (PR) or no relief (NR). Data were compared between them. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients were analyzed with a mean age of 38.7 ± 6.8 years (range: 24-48): 48.4% (15/31), 63.3% (19/30), and 65.5% (19/29) achieved CR at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. In univariate analysis, compared with the PR/NR group, serum CA125 levels were significantly lower in CR group at 3 months, while ablation rates of EMJ and SA of the ablated part of the EMJ were significantly higher at the three time points. Other baseline characteristics and NPVr did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Baseline CA125 and ablation rate of the EMJ and SA of the ablated part of the EMJ are associated with the outcome of AUB-A patients after US-guided PMWA treatment.