RESUMO
We investigated the effects of daily ultraviolet A1 (UV-A1, 340-400 nm) exposures on mood states (#R19055, approval on 21 October 2020). Based on our earlier findings of the influence of diurnal preference on mood, we investigated further whether diurnal preference plays a role in the influence of UV-A1 on mood states. Forty-one healthy participants aged 19-55 years were randomized to receive either UV-A1 (n = 21) or control (n = 20) exposures (violet light, 390-440 nm). The irradiations were administered on three consecutive mornings on the skin of the buttocks and middle back. Diurnal preference was assessed with the modified 6-item Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (mMEQ). Changes in mood were assessed with Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) score of the 40-item Profile of Mood States (POMS) before the first irradiation, immediately after each irradiation and one week after the last irradiation. Mood improved among those subjected to UV-A1 exposures compared with the controls (p = 0.031). Individuals with more pronounced morningness had mood improvement (p = 0.011), whereas those with more pronounced eveningness did not (p = 0.41). At follow-up of one week after the last irradiation the mood improvement had disappeared.
Assuntos
Afeto , Raios Ultravioleta , Humanos , Adulto , Afeto/efeitos da radiação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Inquéritos e Questionários , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologiaRESUMO
Shift workers are mostly suffered from the disruption of circadian rhythm and health problems. In this study, we designed proper light environment to maintain stable circadian rhythm, cognitive performance, and mood status of shift workers. We used five-channel light-emitting diodes to build up the dynamic daylight-like light environment. The illuminance, correlated color temperature, and circadian action factor of light were tunable in the ranges of 226 to 678 lx, 2680 to 7314 K, and 0.32 to 0.96 throughout the day (5:30 to 19:40). During the nighttime, these parameters maintained about 200 lx, 2700 K, and 0.32, respectively. In this light environment, three subjects had engaged in shift work for 38 consecutive days. We measured plasma melatonin, activity counts, continuous performance tests, and visual analogue scale on mood to assess the rhythm, cognitive performance, and mood of subjects. After 38-day shift work, the subjects' peak melatonin concentration increased significantly. Their physiological and behavioral rhythms maintained stable. Their cognitive performance improved significantly after night work, compared with that before night work. Their mood status had no significant change during the 38-day shift work. These results indicated that the light environment was beneficial to maintain circadian rhythm, cognitive performance and mood status during long-term shift work in closed environment.
Assuntos
Afeto/efeitos da radiação , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologia , Ritmo Circadiano/efeitos da radiação , Cognição/fisiologia , Cognição/efeitos da radiação , Luz , Jornada de Trabalho em Turnos , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Melatonina/sangue , Escala Visual AnalógicaRESUMO
Conflicting results have been reported regarding the effectiveness of light treatment (LT) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the effectiveness of blue-enriched white LT on sleep, cognition, mood and behavior in patients with mild and moderate AD. The treatment group (n = 14) sat about 60 cm away from a small (136 × 73 × 16 mm) LED light box for 1 h each morning for 2 weeks. The control group (n = 11) wore dark, blue-attenuating sunglasses during the 1 h exposures. The morning light started 9-10 h after each individual's dim light melatonin onset (DLMO). Assessments were done at baseline (T0), immediate post-treatment (T1), and 4 weeks after the end of the 2 weeks of LT (T2). Sleep was measured by actigraphy. Blue-enriched LT had a significantly better effect on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at T2 compared to blue-attenuated LT, and a trend of better effectiveness on total sleep time at T2. There was a significant increase in Mini-Mental State Examination score at T2 after blue-enriched LT than that at T0. Our findings suggest that morning blue-enriched LT has a benefit in improving sleep and cognitive function in AD patients.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/terapia , Cognição/efeitos da radiação , Luz , Fototerapia/métodos , Sono/efeitos da radiação , Actigrafia , Afeto/efeitos da radiação , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença de Alzheimer/complicações , Comportamento/efeitos da radiação , Ritmo Circadiano/efeitos da radiação , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Melatonina/metabolismo , Saliva/metabolismo , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/etiologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/terapia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Organisms that inhabit the temperate zone exhibit various seasonal adaptive behaviors, including reproduction, hibernation, molting, and migration. Day length, known as photoperiod, is the most noise-free and widely used environmental cue that enables animals to anticipate the oncoming seasons and adapt their physiologies accordingly. Although less clear, some human traits also exhibit seasonality, such as birthrate, mood, cognitive brain responses, and various diseases. However, the molecular basis for human seasonality is poorly understood. Herein, we first review the underlying mechanisms of seasonal adaptive strategies of animals, including seasonal reproduction and stress responses during the breeding season. We then briefly summarize our recent discovery of signaling pathways involved in the winter depression-like phenotype in medaka fish. We believe that exploring the regulation of seasonal traits in animal models will provide insight into human seasonality and aid in the understanding of human diseases such as seasonal affective disorder (SAD).
Assuntos
Adaptação Fisiológica , Afeto/efeitos da radiação , Hormônios/fisiologia , Luz , Reprodução/efeitos da radiação , Estações do Ano , Adaptação Fisiológica/fisiologia , Adaptação Fisiológica/efeitos da radiação , Afeto/fisiologia , Animais , Humanos , Fotoperíodo , Reprodução/fisiologia , Fatores de Risco , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/epidemiologia , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/etiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S): Definitive chemoradiation (CRT) results in high cure rates of anal cancer, with advanced radiation (RT) techniques improving toxicity. However, there is limited data regarding these patients' sexual function (SF), quality of life (QOL), and mood. We hypothesized that anal cancer treatment would result in detrimental effects on SF, QOL, and mood. MATERIALS/METHODS: We prospectively surveyed patients with anal cancer treated with definitive CRT. We assessed SF for women with the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and for men with the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). For all patients, we assessed QOL using EORTC QLQ-C30 and CR29 and mood using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). We reported descriptive statistics for SF, QOL, and mood and used univariate analysis to evaluate predictors of SF for women. RESULTS: Of 50 eligible patients, 84% completed the surveys. Median time from RT until survey was 36 months (1-97 months). Women (n = 34) reported poor SF overall (mean FSFI score = 15, scale 2-36, standard deviation (SD) 10.4). Most women reported poor SF related to satisfaction, desire, orgasm, arousal, pain, and lubrication. Men (n = 8) also had poor overall satisfaction (mean IIEF score = 6.1, scale 2-10, SD 3.6). Men reported poor erectile function and lower satisfaction with intercourse. Mean QLQ-C30 QOL score was 86.5 (SD 16.3). Results from EORTC QLQ-CR-20 demonstrated patients experienced poor sexual interest. Per HADS, 2.5% reported depression and 18% anxiety. CONCLUSION: Patients with anal cancer experience sexual dysfunction after RT, with QOL and mood symptoms similar to patients with other cancers. Our data support the need for ongoing efforts to understand and address issues with SF, QOL, and mood following RT for these patients.
Assuntos
Afeto/efeitos da radiação , Neoplasias do Ânus/radioterapia , Qualidade de Vida , Comportamento Sexual/efeitos da radiação , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias do Ânus/psicologia , Quimiorradioterapia/efeitos adversos , Quimiorradioterapia/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Lesões por Radiação/psicologia , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Purpose: Artificial indoor lighting can disturb sleep and increase depressive symptoms; both common complaints in psychiatric inpatients. In this trial we aimed to improve sleep in psychiatric inpatients using a circadian lighting environment.Patients and methods: Investigator-blinded parallel-group randomised controlled effectiveness trial in an inpatient psychiatric ward with adjustable lighting. Admitted patients received a pre-set circadian lighting environment (intervention group) or lighting as usual (control group). The primary outcome was the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and secondary outcomes included the Major Depression Inventory and WHO-5 Well-Being Index.Results: We assessed 74 patients and included 54 (27 treated and 27 controls). Treated patients reported a non-significant change in mean sleep quality by -1.02 points on the PSQI (95% CI: -3.17; 1.12) and controls by -0.59 points (95% CI: -2.52; 1.33), difference -0.43 (95% CI: -3.05; 2.2, p-value .74). Similarly, treated patients reported a non-significant change in depressive symptoms and well-being compared to controls. Qualitative data indicated no serious side-effects and no patients in the intervention group were submitted to involuntary measures. Collection of data was non-complete and missing data from self-reported questionnaires amounted to 52.5%.Conclusions: The intervention showed no effect on sleep quality, mood or well-being. The circadian lighting environment was safe in our small and diverse patient sample. The trial integrated well with routine clinical care and our sample reflected the heterogeneity of the target population.
Assuntos
Relógios Circadianos/fisiologia , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Fototerapia/métodos , Adulto , Afeto/efeitos da radiação , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de Regressão , Sono/fisiologia , Sono/efeitos da radiação , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Effect of light therapy on the night sleep of children with sleep problems Abstract. Studies on the effect of light therapy on the nighttime sleep of adolescents revealed earlier sleep onset and longer sleep periods. The present study examines the corresponding effects in children. A group of 28 children (M = 10.0; SD = 1.65 years) with difficulties falling asleep and sleeping through the night received a light therapy device for home application. The effect was investigated by an A-B-A-B design with four measurement points. We detected significant, small- to medium-sized effects on the children's sleep-onset problems and ability to sleep through the night as well as mood. Sleep onset was reduced by approximately 10 minutes. The representativeness of the sample is limited, but the results largely correspond to the findings in adolescents. Because of the weekly switch between application and nonapplication, the true circadian effects might be underestimated. In principle, however, the effects found in adolescents appear to be transferable to children, though further research is necessary.
Assuntos
Ritmo Circadiano/efeitos da radiação , Fototerapia , Transtornos do Sono do Ritmo Circadiano/terapia , Sono/efeitos da radiação , Afeto/efeitos da radiação , Criança , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologia , Humanos , Sono/fisiologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The evening chronotype is associated with psychological symptoms such as depressed mood, while skin exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) may affect mood and behavior through neural and humoral routes. This pilot study aimed to investigate the impact of whole-body narrow-band (NB) UV-B exposure on current mood state and circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cortisol and ß-endorphin (ß-END) levels in healthy participants. Here, eleven healthy women received full-body NB UV-B exposures on four afternoons, and the chronotype was assessed with a shortened version of Horne and Östberg's Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Perceived mood was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and serum 25(OH)D3, IL-6, cortisol and ß-END concentrations were monitored daily. Decreasing VAS values showed mood to improve significantly over the five days after the four suberythematous NB UV-B exposures (p = .038), and the more the circadian preference was inclined toward eveningness, the greater the improvement in the mood dimension of wellbeing (p = .021). Baseline mood state was correlated with baseline 25(OH)D3 (r = -0.54, 95% CI: -0.86 to -0.09) and with baseline cortisol (r = -0.57, 95% CI: -0.87 to -0.04). During the NB UV-B exposures, 25(OH)D3 increased significantly, as expected, and IL-6 declined significantly by -0.35 (95% CI: -0.69 to -0.07) pg/mL from the initial values of 1.12 ± 0.66 pg/mL (p = .025). In conclusion, in our pilot study, NB UV-B exposure improved mood, especially among those with evening preference for their daily activities, as well as circulating 25(OH)D3 levels, whereas circulating IL-6 levels decreased. Abbreviations: UVR: Ultraviolet radiation; NB UV-B: narrow-band UV-B; VAS: Visual Analogue Scales; ß-END: ß-endorphin; IL-6: Interleukin-6.
Assuntos
Afeto/efeitos da radiação , Ritmo Circadiano , Raios Ultravioleta , Adulto , Calcifediol/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Interleucina-6/sangue , Projetos Piloto , Pele/metabolismo , Pele/efeitos da radiação , Inquéritos e Questionários , beta-Endorfina/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is implicated in cognitive and emotional responses. Yet, research that investigates the causal role of the left versus right DLPFC during the processes of emotion appraisal is lacking. In the current study, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was used to disentangle the functional lateralization of the DLPFC on emotional processing in response to the anticipation of, and subsequent confrontation with emotional stimuli in healthy volunteers. METHODS: Forty-eight subjects received both active and sham (on separate days) anodal tDCS over either the left (N = 24) or right (N = 24) DLPFC. Subjects' pupil dilation (PD, a physiological marker of cognitive resource allocation) was recorded while performing an appraisal task in which negative and positive emotion eliciting images were presented, each preceded by an informative cue indicating the valence of the upcoming stimulus. RESULTS: As compared to sham stimulation, left DLPFC anodal tDCS resulted in increased PD when confronted with negative emotional images, whereas right DLPFC anodal tDCS resulted in decreased PD when confronted with emotional images, irrespective of valence. LIMITATIONS: The interpretation of pupil dilation in response to emotional stimuli is limited. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest inverse lateralized DLPFC effects on cognitive resource allocation (as measured by pupillary responses) when confronted with emotional stimuli. The current findings may shed some light on mechanisms that explain the antidepressant effects of non-invasive brain stimulation of the left DLPFC.
Assuntos
Atenção/fisiologia , Cognição/fisiologia , Emoções/fisiologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal/efeitos da radiação , Adulto , Afeto/fisiologia , Afeto/efeitos da radiação , Emoções/efeitos da radiação , Feminino , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Masculino , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiopatologia , Estimulação Transcraniana por Corrente Contínua/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Depression is common in patients with type 2 diabetes and adversely affects quality of life and diabetes outcomes. We assessed whether light therapy, an antidepressant, improves mood and insulin sensitivity in patients with depression and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included 83 patients with depression and type 2 diabetes. The intervention comprised 4 weeks of light therapy (10,000 lux) or placebo light therapy daily at home. Primary outcomes included depressive symptoms (Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology [IDS]) and insulin sensitivity (M-value derived from the results of a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp). Secondary outcomes were related psychological and glucometabolic measures. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat analysis showed that light therapy was not superior to placebo in reducing depressive symptoms (-3.9 IDS points [95% CI -9.0 to 1.2]; P = 0.248) and had no effect on insulin sensitivity (0.15 mg/kg*min [95% CI -0.41 to 0.70]; P = 0.608). Analyses incorporating only those participants who accurately adhered to the light therapy protocol (n = 51) provided similar results, but did suggest positive effects of light therapy on depression response rates (≥50% reduction in IDS points) (26% more response; P = 0.031). Prespecified analysis showed effect moderation by baseline insulin sensitivity (P = 0.009) and use of glucose-lowering medication (P = 0.023). Light therapy did not affect depressive symptoms in participants with higher insulin sensitivity or those who use only oral glucose-lowering medication or none at all, but it did produce a relevant effect in participants with lower insulin sensitivity (-12.9 IDS points [95% CI -21.6 to -4.2]; P = 0.017) and a trend toward effectiveness in those using insulin (-12.2 IDS points [95% CI -21.3 to -3.1]; P = 0.094). Light therapy was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Although this trial is essentially inconclusive, secondary analyses indicate that light therapy might be a promising treatment for depression among a subgroup of highly insulin-resistant individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Assuntos
Afeto/efeitos da radiação , Depressão/terapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Resistência à Insulina/efeitos da radiação , Fototerapia , Idoso , Depressão/complicações , Depressão/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Placebos , Qualidade de Vida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We investigated physiological and subjective responses to morning light exposure of commercially available LED lighting with different correlated colour temperatures to predict how LED-based smart lighting employed in future learning environments will impact students. The classical markers of the circadian system (melatonin and cortisol), as well as the subjective perception of sleepiness, mood, and visual comfort, were compared. Fifteen university students underwent an hour of morning light exposure to both warm (3,500 K) and blue-enriched (6,500 K) white lights at recommended illuminance levels for classrooms and lecture halls (500 lux). The decline of melatonin levels was significantly greater after the exposure to blue-enriched white light. Exposure to blue-enriched white light significantly improved subjective perception of alertness, mood, and visual comfort. With regard to cortisol, we did not find a significant difference in the cortisol decrement between the two light conditions. Our findings suggest that the sensitivity of physiological and subjective responses to white LED light is blue-shifted. These findings, extending the already known effects of short-wavelength light on human physiology, reveal interesting practical implications. Blue-enriched LED light seems to be a simple yet effective potential countermeasure for morning drowsiness and dozing off in class, particularly in schools with insufficient daylight.
Assuntos
Afeto/efeitos da radiação , Ritmo Circadiano/efeitos da radiação , Luz , Iluminação/métodos , Sonolência , Visão Ocular/efeitos da radiação , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Masculino , Melatonina/sangue , República da Coreia , Estudantes , Universidades , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Light exerts a range of powerful biological effects beyond image vision, including mood and learning regulation. While the source of photic information affecting mood and cognitive functions is well established, viz. intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), the central mediators are unknown. Here, we reveal that the direct effects of light on learning and mood utilize distinct ipRGC output streams. ipRGCs that project to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) mediate the effects of light on learning, independently of the SCN's pacemaker function. Mood regulation by light, on the other hand, requires an SCN-independent pathway linking ipRGCs to a previously unrecognized thalamic region, termed perihabenular nucleus (PHb). The PHb is integrated in a distinctive circuitry with mood-regulating centers and is both necessary and sufficient for driving the effects of light on affective behavior. Together, these results provide new insights into the neural basis required for light to influence mood and learning.
Assuntos
Afeto/efeitos da radiação , Aprendizagem/efeitos da radiação , Luz , Afeto/fisiologia , Animais , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Ritmo Circadiano , Aprendizagem/fisiologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Fototerapia/métodos , Retina/metabolismo , Retina/fisiologia , Células Ganglionares da Retina/metabolismo , Células Ganglionares da Retina/fisiologia , Células Ganglionares da Retina/efeitos da radiação , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Núcleo Supraquiasmático/metabolismo , Visão Ocular/fisiologia , Vias Visuais/metabolismo , Percepção Visual/fisiologiaRESUMO
Multiple sclerosis is a disabling and progressive neurological disease that has significant negative effects on health-related quality of life. This exploratory efficacy study examined the effects of Healing Light Guided Imagery (HLGI), a novel variant of guided imagery, compared with a wait-list control in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Changes in the Beck Depression Inventory, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life instrument (physical and mental components) were compared between groups. Patients who completed HLGI (N = 9) showed significant reductions in depressed mood ( P < .05) and fatigue ( P < .01) and showed significant gains in physical ( P = .01) and mental ( P < .01) quality of life compared with journaling (N = 8). Our results suggest that HLGI can improve self-reported physical and mental well-being in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Further research is needed to study the effectiveness of this therapy, as well as its mind-body mechanisms of action.
Assuntos
Fadiga/terapia , Imagens, Psicoterapia , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Afeto/efeitos da radiação , Idoso , Fadiga/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Study Objectives: Altered comfort sensing and reduced gray matter volume in the orbitofrontal cortex of the brain in people suffering from insomnia disorder (ID) suggest compromised processes of motivation and hedonia. The experience sampling (ES) method was used to evaluate whether, in naturalistic conditions, people with ID differ from those without sleep complaints with respect to subjective Wanting and Liking, two major dimensions of the reward system. Since light affects brain circuits involved in affect and reward, ES was combined with ambulatory monitoring of light intensity fluctuations to evaluate their effect on subjective Wanting and Liking. Methods: Participants with ID (n = 17, 12 females, 56.8 ± 6.5 mean ± standard deviation years of age) and matched controls without sleep complaints (n = 18, 12 females, 57.0 ± 8.6 years of age) were probed by a smartphone alarm to log their subjective Wanting, Liking, and mood nine times a day for 7 days. Using an ambulatory light recorder, light intensity exposure was sampled simultaneously and averaged over the intervals between subsequent ES alarms. Mixed-effect models were used to evaluate how ID and varying light intensity affected subjective assessments. Results: The results indicated significantly lower subjective Liking and Wanting in people suffering from ID, particularly at low environmental light intensity. Conclusions: Wanting and Liking, rather than more commonly used mood adjectives, showed an increased sensitivity to detect deficient hedonic and reward processing in insomnia during everyday life. Deficient Liking may in part be rescued by exposure to bright environmental light.
Assuntos
Avaliação Momentânea Ecológica , Emoções/efeitos da radiação , Luz , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/psicologia , Afeto/efeitos da radiação , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Iluminação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Motivação/efeitos da radiação , Filosofia , RecompensaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Photobiomodulation using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been tested as a new technique to optimize recovery of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of this study is to evaluate inhibitory attentional control after 18 sessions of active LLLT and compare with the placebo group (sham LLLT). Our exploratory analysis will evaluate the efficacy of the active LLLT on verbal and visuospatial episodic memory, executive functions (working memory, verbal and visuospatial fluency, attentional processes), and anxiety and depressive symptoms compared to the sham group. METHODS/DESIGN: A randomized double-blinded trial will be made in 36 patients with moderate and severe TBI. The active LLLT will use an optical device composed of LEDs emitting 632 nm of radiation at the site with full potency of 830 mW. The cranial region with an area of 400 cm2 will be irradiated for 30 min, giving a total dose per session of 3.74 J/cm2. The sham LLLT group contains only an LED device with power < 1 mW, only serving to simulate the irradiation. Each patient will be irradiated three times per week for six weeks, totaling 18 sessions. Neuropsychological assessments will be held one week before the beginning of the sessions, after one week, and three months after the end of LLLT sessions. Memory domain, attention, executive functioning, and visual construction will be evaluated, in addition to symptoms of depression, anxiety, and social demographics. DISCUSSION: LLLT has been demonstrated as a safe and effective technique in significantly improving the memory, attention, and mood performance in healthy and neurologic patients. We expect that our trial can complement previous finds, as an effective low-cost therapy to improve cognitive sequel after TBI. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02393079 . Registered on 20 February 2015.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/terapia , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/radioterapia , Lesão Encefálica Crônica/radioterapia , Encéfalo/efeitos da radiação , Depressão/terapia , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Afeto/efeitos da radiação , Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Ansiedade/fisiopatologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Atenção/efeitos da radiação , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/diagnóstico , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/fisiopatologia , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/psicologia , Lesão Encefálica Crônica/diagnóstico , Lesão Encefálica Crônica/fisiopatologia , Lesão Encefálica Crônica/psicologia , Brasil , Depressão/diagnóstico , Depressão/fisiopatologia , Depressão/psicologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Função Executiva/efeitos da radiação , Feminino , Humanos , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Memória Episódica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Estudos Prospectivos , Doses de Radiação , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common and distressing symptom that can persist after cancer treatment has concluded. Bright light therapy has shown preliminary efficacy in reducing CRF, but its impact on other psychosocial factors is unclear. The purpose was to examine the impact of a 1-month light therapy intervention on fatigue, mood, and quality of life in cancer survivors with fatigue. METHODS: This 4-week blinded randomized controlled trial recruited cancer survivors who met diagnostic criteria for CRF. Participants were randomly assigned to receive a light therapy device that produced either bright white light (BWL; intervention) or dim red light (DRL; active control). Participants were instructed to use the device daily for 30 min upon waking for 28 days. The primary outcome, fatigue, was assessed weekly. Secondary outcomes assessed pre- and post-intervention included mood, depressive symptoms, and quality of life. RESULTS: A total of 81 participants were randomly assigned to receive BWL (n = 42) or DRL (n = 39). Analyses revealed a group-by-time interaction for fatigue (p = .034), wherein the BWL condition reported a 17% greater reduction in fatigue than those in the DRL condition (between group d = .30). There were also significant improvements over time for both groups on measures of mood, depressive symptoms, and quality of life (p's < .01). CONCLUSIONS: BWL was associated with greater improvements in fatigue and both groups displayed improvements on secondary psychosocial outcomes. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: These findings, along with previous reports of light therapy for CRF, support the use of this intervention to improve fatigue in cancer survivors.
Assuntos
Sobreviventes de Câncer , Fadiga/etiologia , Fadiga/terapia , Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/terapia , Fototerapia/métodos , Adulto , Afeto/efeitos da radiação , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Sobreviventes de Câncer/psicologia , Depressão/etiologia , Depressão/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Luz , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/psicologia , Fototerapia/instrumentação , Qualidade de Vida , Estações do AnoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate long-term changes in behavioral functions of mice after exposure to low-dose prenatal radiation at an early organogenesis stage. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were irradiated (20 cGy) at postcoitus day 5.5. The male and female offspring were subjected to different behavioral assays for affective, motor, and cognitive functions at 3, 6, and 12 months of age. Behavioral functions were further correlated with the population of CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons and immature neurons in hippocampal dentate gyrus. RESULTS: Prenatally exposed mice of different age groups showed a sex-specific pattern of sustained changes in behavioral functions. Male mice showed significant changes in anxiety-like phenotypes, learning, and long-term memory at age 3 months. At 6 months of age such behavioral functions were recovered to a normal level but could not be sustained at age 12 months. Female mice showed an appreciable recovery in almost all behavioral functions at 12 months. Patterns of change in learning and long-term memory were comparable to the population of CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons and doublecortin-positive neurons in hippocampus. CONCLUSION: Our finding suggests that prenatal (early organogenesis stage) irradiation even at a lower dose level (20 cGy) is sufficient to cause potential changes in neurobehavioral function at later stages of life. Male mice showed relatively higher vulnerability to radiation-induced neurobehavioral changes as compared with female.
Assuntos
Comportamento Animal/efeitos da radiação , Hipocampo/efeitos da radiação , Neurogênese/efeitos da radiação , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Afeto/fisiologia , Afeto/efeitos da radiação , Fatores Etários , Animais , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Peso Corporal/efeitos da radiação , Cognição/fisiologia , Cognição/efeitos da radiação , Comportamento Exploratório/fisiologia , Comportamento Exploratório/efeitos da radiação , Feminino , Hipocampo/embriologia , Hipocampo/patologia , Resposta de Imobilidade Tônica/fisiologia , Resposta de Imobilidade Tônica/efeitos da radiação , Locomoção/fisiologia , Locomoção/efeitos da radiação , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos da radiação , Memória de Longo Prazo/fisiologia , Memória de Longo Prazo/efeitos da radiação , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Destreza Motora/fisiologia , Destreza Motora/efeitos da radiação , Neurogênese/fisiologia , Gravidez , Doses de Radiação , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Environmental (little outdoor light; low indoor lighting) and age-related physiological factors (reduced light transmission through the ocular lens, reduced mobility) contribute to a light-deprived environment for older people living in care homes. METHODS: This study investigates the effect of increasing indoor light levels with blue-enriched white lighting on objective (rest-activity rhythms, performance) and self-reported (mood, sleep, alertness) measures in older people. Eighty residents (69 female), aged 86 ± 8 yrs (mean ± SD), participated (MMSE 19 ± 6). Overhead fluorescent lighting was installed in communal rooms (n=20) of seven care homes. Four weeks of blue-enriched white lighting (17000 K â 900 lux) were compared with four weeks of control white lighting (4000 K â 200 lux), separated by three weeks wash-out. Participants completed validated mood and sleep questionnaires, psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and wore activity and light monitors (AWL). Rest-activity rhythms were assessed by cosinor, non-parametric circadian rhythm (NPCRA) and actigraphic sleep analysis. Blue-enriched (17000 K) light increased wake time and activity during sleep decreasing actual sleep time, sleep percentage and sleep efficiency (p < 0.05) (actigraphic sleep). Compared to 4000 K lighting, blue-enriched 17000 K lighting significantly (p < 0.05) advanced the timing of participants' rest-activity rhythm (cosinor), increased daytime and night-time activity (NPCRA), reduced subjective anxiety (HADA) and sleep quality (PSQI). There was no difference between the two light conditions in daytime alertness and performance (PVT). CONCLUSION: Blue-enriched lighting produced some positive (increased daytime activity, reduced anxiety) and negative (increased night-time activity, reduced sleep efficiency and quality) effects in older people.
Assuntos
Afeto/efeitos da radiação , Luz , Iluminação , Atividade Motora/efeitos da radiação , Sono/efeitos da radiação , Vigília/efeitos da radiação , Actigrafia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ansiedade , Atenção/efeitos da radiação , Estudos Cross-Over , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Casas de Saúde , Fotoperíodo , Descanso , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
This study investigated seasonal and time-of-day dependent moderations in the strength and direction of acute diurnal non-image forming (NIF) effects of illuminance level on performance, physiology, and subjective well-being. Even though there are indications for temporal variations in NIF-responsiveness to bright light, scientific insights into potential moderations by season are scarce. We employed a 2 (Light: 165 versus 1700 lx at the eye level, within) × 2 (Season: autumn/winter versus spring, between) × 2 (Time of day: morning versus afternoon, between) mixed-model design. During each of the two 90-min experimental sessions, participants (autumn/winter: N = 34; spring: N = 39) completed four measurement blocks (incl. one baseline block of 120 lx at the eye level) each consisting of a Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) and a Backwards Digit-Span Task (BDST) including easy trials (4-6 digits) and difficult trials (7-8 digits). Heart rate (HR) and skin conductance level (SCL) were measured continuously. At the end of each lighting condition, subjective sleepiness, vitality, and mood were measured. The results revealed a clear indication for significant Light * Season interaction effects on both subjective sleepiness and vitality, which appeared only during the morning sessions. Participants felt significantly more vital and less sleepy in winter, but not in spring during bright light exposure in the morning. In line with these subjective parameters, participants also showed significantly better PVT performance in the morning in autumn/winter, but not in spring upon bright light exposure. Surprisingly, for difficult working memory performance, the opposite was found, namely worse performance during bright light exposure in winter, but better performance when exposed to bright light in spring. The effects of bright versus regular light exposure on physiology were quite subtle and largely nonsignificant. Overall, it can be concluded that acute illuminance-induced NIF effects on subjective alertness and vitality as well as objectively measured vigilance in the morning are significantly moderated by season. Possibly, these greater illuminance-induced benefits during the morning sessions in autumn/winter compared to spring occurred due to increased responsiveness to bright light exposure as a function of a relatively low prior light dose in autumn/winter.