RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The established link between subjective views of aging (VoA) and well-being shows variations across different cultures. Although VoA show daily fluctuations, little is known about cultural differences in such fluctuations and the daily coupling of VoA and well-being. We compared Israeli Arabs to Israeli Jews in the daily coupling of VoA and negative affect (NA). METHODS: Community-dwelling older adults (Nâ =â 76, Mageâ =â 66.71) completed measures of subjective age, subjective accelerated aging, ageist attitudes, and NA over 14 consecutive days. RESULTS: Respondents reported higher daily NA when they felt older, reported to be aging faster, or had more ageist attitudes. The daily coupling between subjective age/subjective accelerated aging and NA was stronger among Israeli Arabs compared to Israeli Jews. There was no such interaction with ageist attitudes. DISCUSSION: It is important to adopt a cultural perspective when investigating daily fluctuations in VoA and their correlates. In applied contexts, this might help to identify cultural groups that are particularly sensitive to the effects of VoA.
Assuntos
Afeto , Envelhecimento , Árabes , Judeus , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Etarismo/psicologia , Etarismo/etnologia , Envelhecimento/psicologia , Envelhecimento/etnologia , Árabes/psicologia , Atitude/etnologia , Comparação Transcultural , Israel/etnologia , Judeus/psicologiaRESUMO
This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 364,143 students in 492 high schools who completed the Georgia School Climate Survey during the 2017-2018 school year. Through latent profile analysis, we identified that student perceptions of school climate could be classified into three distinct profiles, including positive, moderate, and negative climate. Using multinomial logistic regression, we then identified school and student characteristics that predicted student classification in the student profiles using the total sample and subsamples by race/ethnicity. Among the key results, we found that most of the school characteristics (e.g., percent of students receiving free or reduced lunch, schools with higher percentages of minoritized students) predicting classification in the negative and positive school climate profiles were different for White students compared to minoritized students. For example, Black students in primarily non-White schools were more likely to view school climate positively, whereas the opposite was the case for White students. We also found that Black and Other (e.g., multiracial) students were more likely to be classified in the negative school climate profile and less likely to be classified in the positive school climate profile compared to White students. In contrast, Latino/a/e students were more likely to be classified in the positive school climate profile and less likely to be classified in the negative school climate profile. Implications for research and practice are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Assuntos
Atitude , Etnicidade , Instituições Acadêmicas , Estudantes , Humanos , Atitude/etnologia , Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Etnicidade/psicologia , Georgia , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Brancos/psicologiaRESUMO
The current study examined COVID-19 pandemic racial attitudes in out-group empathy and out-group prosocial behaviors. Participants included 467 young adults who completed measures of their racial attitudes during the pandemic, out-group perspective taking and empathic concern, and out-group prosocial behaviors. Results demonstrated that pandemic-related racial attitudes were significantly, positively associated with out-group perspective taking and out-group empathic concern, which both positively predicted multiple forms of out-group prosocial behaviors, including emotional, dire, compliant, and anonymous prosocial behaviors. These findings highlight the important role of perspective taking and empathic concern toward individuals outside one's own ethnic group in explaining how racial attitudes during the pandemic were associated with helping behaviors. Discussion focuses on how color-conscious attitudes during an unprecedented U.S. pandemic crisis might be one avenue for promoting prosociality and harmony.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Empatia , Comportamento Social , Humanos , COVID-19/psicologia , COVID-19/etnologia , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Racismo/psicologia , Atitude/etnologia , Pandemias , Adolescente , Estados Unidos/etnologia , Comportamento de AjudaRESUMO
Adolescents' ethnic-racial identity (ERI) exploration, resolution, and affirmation inform their approach and avoidance attitudes toward intergroup contact, but the potential mechanisms through which this occurs have been underexplored. Given the evidence that adolescents with higher ERI exploration, resolution, and affirmation also report higher self-esteem, and self-esteem is theorized to facilitate openness to intergroup contact, the current study explored the role of self-esteem as a mediator of the relation between adolescents' ERI and their intergroup contact attitudes. Participants were 4606 adolescents (Mage = 16.35, SD = 1.16; 37.5% White, 27.1% Black, 20.7% Latinx, 11.7% Asian American, 3% Native American) from the U.S. Southwest and Midwest. The three waves of data were collected between March 2017 and March 2018. Results from longitudinal multigroup path models indicated that across all ethnic-racial groups there were positive direct relations between Wave 1 (W1) ERI resolution and W2 self-esteem (7 months later). In turn, W2 self-esteem was positively related to W3 approach attitudes (12 months later) and negatively related to W3 avoidance attitudes. The relations between ERI resolution and both approach and avoidance attitudes were fully mediated by self-esteem across all ethnic-racial groups. Notably the baseline values (W1) of all mediation and outcome variables (W2, W3) were included, suggesting that ERI resolution at baseline predicted increases in self-esteem, which predicted subsequent increases in approach attitudes and decreases in avoidance attitudes. ERI exploration and affirmation were not significant predictors of later self-esteem or contact attitudes. These findings suggest that of the three dimensions of ERI examined, resolution is the primary driver of the increases in self-esteem that inform adolescents' attitudes towards interaction with ethnic-racial outgroup members.
Assuntos
Atitude , Grupos Raciais , Autoimagem , Identificação Social , Habilidades Sociais , Adolescente , Humanos , Asiático , Grupos Raciais/etnologia , Grupos Raciais/psicologia , Sudoeste dos Estados Unidos , Meio-Oeste dos Estados Unidos , Negro ou Afro-Americano , Hispânico ou Latino , Indígena Americano ou Nativo do Alasca , Brancos , Etnicidade/psicologia , Atitude/etnologiaRESUMO
Diversity approaches in school may affect students' interethnic relations but are often only assessed through students' perceptions. We related teacher-reported diversity approaches (i.e., assimilationism, multiculturalism, color-evasion, and intervening with discrimination) to ethnic majority and minority students' ethnic attitudes as well as to their experiences or perceptions of ethnic discrimination. We also explored students' perceptions of teacher approaches as hypothetical mediators of teacher effects on interethnic relations. We coupled survey data from 547 teachers (Mage = 39.02 years, 70% female) in 64 schools in Belgium with large-scale longitudinal survey data from their students, including 1287 Belgian majority students (Mage = 15.52, 51% female) and 696 Turkish- or Moroccan-origin minority students (Mage = 15.92, 58% female) enrolled in the same schools (Phalet et al., 2018). Longitudinal multilevel models revealed that over time, teacher-reported assimilationism predicted (even) more positive attitudes towards Belgian majority members, and multiculturalism predicted less highly positive attitudes towards Belgian majority members among Belgian majority students. Teacher-reported intervening with discrimination predicted more perceived discrimination of ethnic minority students over time among Belgian majority students. We did not find significant longitudinal effects of teachers' diversity approaches with Turkish- or Moroccan-origin minority students' ethnic attitudes, nor with their discrimination experiences or perceptions. We conclude that teachers' multiculturalism and anti-discrimination approaches reduced interethnic bias and raised awareness of discrimination among ethnic majority students. However, different perceptions by teachers and students suggest the need for schools to better communicate inclusive diversity approaches.
Assuntos
Diversidade Cultural , Etnicidade , Grupos Minoritários , Professores Escolares , Estudantes , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Atitude/etnologia , Etnicidade/psicologia , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Grupos Minoritários/psicologia , Grupos Minoritários/estatística & dados numéricos , Racismo/psicologia , Professores Escolares/psicologia , Professores Escolares/estatística & dados numéricos , Instituições Acadêmicas , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Hierarquia Social , BélgicaRESUMO
How does the self-relevance of a social movement shape individuals' engagement with it? We examined the decision-making processes that underlie support for Black Lives Matter (BLM) among Black, Hispanic, Asian, and White Americans. We find significant between-group differences in levels of support for BLM, both in terms of past behavior (Study 1) and in terms of future intentions to support the movement (Study 2). These differences notwithstanding, thinking about how one's decisions impact others - which we label impact mindset - explains support for BLM across racial groups, cross-sectionally as well as longitudinally (over 8 months later). Our findings underscore the equivalence of the impact mindset construct across racial groups and its predictive power in the context of BLM. We conclude that, although the struggle for racial justice has different meanings for different racial groups, the same mindset underlies both in-group advocacy and allyship in the context of BLM.
Assuntos
Atitude , Grupos Raciais , Comportamento Social , Mudança Social , Humanos , Asiático , População Negra , Hispânico ou Latino , Brancos , Atitude/etnologiaRESUMO
This paper presents a study on the dynamics of sentiment polarisation in the active online discussion communities formed around a controversial topic-immigration. Using a collection of tweets in the Swedish language from 2012 to 2019, we track the development of the communities and their sentiment polarisation trajectories over time and in the context of an exogenous shock represented by the European refugee crisis in 2015. To achieve the goal of the study, we apply methods of network and sentiment analysis to map users' interactions in the network communities and quantify users' sentiment polarities. The results of the analysis give little evidence for users' polarisation in the network and its communities, as well as suggest that the crisis had a limited effect on the polarisation dynamics on this social media platform. Yet, we notice a shift towards more negative tonality of users' sentiments after the crisis and discuss possible explanations for the above-mentioned observations.
Assuntos
Agressão/psicologia , Atitude , Refugiados/psicologia , Mídias Sociais/estatística & dados numéricos , Atitude/etnologia , Conjuntos de Dados como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Emigração e Imigração/estatística & dados numéricos , Processos Grupais , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Opinião Pública , Análise de Sentimentos , Identificação Social , Análise de Rede Social , Suécia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: With the expansion of digital health, it is imperative to consider intervention techniques in order not to be the cause of even more social health inequalities in underserved populations struggling with chronic diseases. Telemedicine solutions for homeless persons might compensate for shortcomings in access to valuable health services in different settings. The main aim of our research was to examine the attitudes and openness of homeless persons regarding telecare on a Hungarian sample. METHODS: Quantitative survey among homeless people (n = 98) was completed in 4 shelters providing mid- and long-term accommodation in Budapest, Hungary. Attitudes regarding healthcare service accessibility and telecare were measured by a self-developed questionnaire of the research team. Telecare attitude comparison was made with data of a Hungarian weighted reference group of non-homeless persons recruited from 2 primary care units (n = 110). RESULTS: A significant fraction of homeless people with mid- or long-term residency in homeless shelters did not oppose the use of telecare via live online video consultation and there was no difference compared to the national reference group (averages of 3.09 vs. 3.15, respectively). Results of the homeless group indicate that those more satisfied with healthcare services, in general, manifest more openness to telecare. It is clearly demonstrated by the multivariate analysis that those participants in the homeless group who had problems getting health care in the last year definitely preferred in-person doctor-patient consultations. CONCLUSION: Digital health technologies offer a potentially important new pathway for the prevention and treatment of chronic conditions among homeless persons. Based on the attitudes towards telecare, initiating an on-site telecare program for mid- and long-term residents of homeless shelters might enable better care continuity. Our results draw attention to the key factors including building trust in the implementation of such programs among underserved and other vulnerable patient groups.
Assuntos
Atitude/etnologia , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoas Mal Alojadas/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários/estatística & dados numéricos , Telemedicina/métodos , Confiança/psicologia , Feminino , Pessoas Mal Alojadas/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Hungria , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
What are people's expectations of interracial political coalitions? This research reveals expectations of flexible interracial coalitions stemming from how policies and racial groups are viewed in terms of perceived status and foreignness. For policies seen as changing societal status (e.g., welfare), people expected Black-Hispanic political coalitions and viewed Asian Americans as more likely to align with Whites than with other minorities. For policies seen as impacting American identity (e.g., immigration), people expected Asian-Hispanic coalitions and that Black Americans would align with Whites more than other minorities. Manipulating a novel group's alleged status and cultural assimilation influenced coalitional expectations, providing evidence of causality. These expectations appear to better reflect stereotypes than groups' actual average policy attitudes and voting behavior. Yet these beliefs may have implications for a diversifying electorate as White Americans strategically amplified the political voice of a racial group expected to agree with their personal preferences on stereotyped policies.
Assuntos
Atitude , Política , Grupos Raciais , Estereotipagem , Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Atitude/etnologia , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Humanos , Grupos Raciais/psicologia , Estados Unidos , População Branca/psicologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective This study aims to evaluate the behaviors and attitudes of mothers with 0-24-month-old babies towards infant feeding, depending on their sociodemographic characteristics. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, which was carried out with 300 mothers. Demographic characteristics of the mothers, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices, and the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale were collected. As for the statistical evaluation, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22 statistical package program was used. For the statistical analysis; percentages, mean values, Independent T-Test, One-Way ANOVA, Chi-Square test, and multinomial regression models analysis were used. Results 79.7% of the mothers gave human milk to their infants as the first food after delivery, 36.9% gave only human milk for the first 6 months, 52.0% started complementary feeding at 4-6 months. Of the mothers with a mean The Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale score of 64.38±8.43, 54.0% were positive towards breastfeeding. A significant relationship was found between education and income levels and Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale scores level of the mothers, respectively (χ2=10.001, χ2=10.421, p<0.05). The mothers with a postgraduate degree as educational status (AOR=1.27, 95%CI:1.06-1.53) and mothers who had more income than expenditures (AOR=1.19, 95%CI:1.03-1.63) were associated with a higher positive towards of breastfeeding. Conclusion Although most of the mothers say that they have a positive attitude towards breastfeeding, the rate of those who only breastfeed for the first 6 months is low. As the education and income level of mothers increase, their positive attitude towards breastfeeding increases. Mothers should be informed to initiate and maintain successful breastfeeding.
RESUMO Objetivo Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os comportamentos e atitudes de mães com bebês de 0 a 24 meses em relação à alimentação infantil, em função de suas características sociodemográficas. Métodos Este estudo é um estudo transversal, realizado com 300 mães. Foram coletadas características demográficas das mães, práticas de amamentação e alimentação complementar e a Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale. Quanto à avaliação estatística, foi utilizado o programa de pacote estatístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versão 22. Para a análise estatística; percentagens, valores médios, Teste T independente, Anova de uma via, teste do qui-quadrado e análise de modelos de regressão multinominal. Resultados 79,7% das mães deram leite materno como primeiro alimento após o parto, 36,9% deram apenas leite materno durante os primeiros 6 meses, 52,0% iniciaram a alimentação complementar aos 4-6 meses. Das mães com escore médio Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale de 64,38±8,43, 54,0% eram positivas para amamentação. Encontrou-se relação significativa entre os níveis de escolaridade e renda e o nível dos Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale escores das mães, respectivamente (χ2=10,001, χ2=10,421, p<0,05). Mães com pós-graduação (AOR=1,27, IC 95%: 1,06-1,53) e mães que tinham mais renda do que despesas (AOR=1,19, IC 95%: 1,03 -1,63) foram associadas a maior positividade para amamentação. Conclusão Embora a maioria das mães diga que têm uma atitude positiva em relação à amamentação, a taxa das que amamentam apenas nos primeiros 6 meses é baixa. À medida que aumenta a escolaridade e o nível de renda das mães, sua atitude positiva em relação à amamentação aumenta. As mães devem ser informadas para iniciar e manter a amamentação com sucesso.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Aleitamento Materno/etnologia , Atitude/etnologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente/etnologia , Comportamento Materno/etnologia , Estudos Transversais , Lactente , Leite HumanoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Although researchers, policymakers, and practitioners recognize the importance of the public's perceptions of police, few studies have examined developmental trends in adolescents and young adults' views of police. HYPOTHESES: Hypothesis 1: Perceptions of police legitimacy would exhibit a U-shaped curve, declining in adolescence before improving in young adulthood. Hypothesis 2: At all ages, Black youth would report more negative perceptions of police legitimacy than Latino youth, who would report more negative perceptions than White youth. Hypothesis 3: Perceptions of police bias would be consistently associated with worse perceptions of police legitimacy. METHOD: Utilizing longitudinal data from the Crossroads Study, this study examined within-person trends in males' perceptions of police legitimacy from ages 13 to 22, as well as whether perceptions of police bias were associated with perceptions of police legitimacy. RESULTS: Perceptions of police legitimacy followed a U-shaped curve that declined during adolescence, reached its lowest point around age 18, and improved during the transition to young adulthood. Compared with White youth, Latino and Black youth had shallower curves in perceptions of police legitimacy that exhibited less improvement during the transition to adulthood. Further, perceptions of police bias were consistently associated with more negative perceptions of police legitimacy across races and ages. CONCLUSIONS: While perceptions of police legitimacy may decline during adolescence before improving during the transition to adulthood, perceptions of police bias are consistently negatively related to youth and young adults' perceptions of police legitimacy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Assuntos
Atitude/etnologia , População Negra/psicologia , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Percepção , Polícia , Racismo/etnologia , População Branca/psicologia , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Humanos , Aplicação da Lei , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Estados Unidos/etnologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This article outlines the protocol for a prospective study for virtual deliberative public engagement on heritable genome editing in humans. The study intends to create a platform for a diverse group of 25-30 South Africans to engage with a facilitator and each other on 15 policy questions regarding heritable genome editing, with a focus on: a) the prevention of heritable genetic conditions; b) editing for immunity; and c) editing for enhancement. The aim is to understand the views on these issues so as to inform further research and policy, and to analyse the process and effect of deliberation on opinion. Participants will be expected to study the provided resource materials and pass the entrance exam-aligning with the protocols of the Harvard Personal Genome Project. In this way, the commitment, openness and basic knowledge of the candidates will be tested to ascertain whether they are suitable participants for the deliberative engagement.
Assuntos
Edição de Genes/ética , Genômica/ética , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde/etnologia , Atitude/etnologia , Genoma/ética , Genoma/genética , Genômica/métodos , Política de Saúde , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Projetos de Pesquisa , África do Sul , Participação dos Interessados/psicologiaRESUMO
Importance: Black and Latinx communities have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, yet little work has sought to understand their perspectives. Objective: To explore the experiences of Black and Latinx communities during the pandemic to better understand their perspectives on COVID-19 mitigation behaviors (eg, mask wearing), testing, and vaccines. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this community-engaged qualitative study conducted with 18 community-based organizations and 4 health care organizations between November 19, 2020, and February 5, 2021, in New Jersey counties severely affected by the pandemic, group and individual interviews were used to purposively sample 111 Black and Latinx individuals. A total of 13 group interviews were organized by race/ethnicity and language: 4 English-speaking groups with Black participants (n = 34), 3 Spanish-speaking groups with Latinx participants (n = 24), and 4 English-speaking groups with Black and Latinx participants (n = 36). To understand the views of health care workers from these communities, 2 additional groups (n = 9) were convened and supplemented with individual interviews. Main Outcomes and Measures: Description of Black and Latinx participants' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic and their perspectives on mitigation behaviors, testing, and vaccines. Results: The study included 111 participants (87 women [78.4%]; median age, 43 years [range, 18-93 years]). Participants described the devastating effects of the pandemic on themselves, loved ones, and their community. Their experiences were marked by fear, illness, loss, and separation. These experiences motivated intense information seeking, mitigation behaviors, and testing. Nevertheless, vaccine skepticism was high across all groups. Participants did not trust the vaccine development process and wanted clearer information. Black participants expressed that they did not want to be subjects of experiments. Conclusions and Relevance: The remaining unknowns about new vaccines need to be acknowledged and described for Black and Latinx communities to make informed decisions. Ultimately, scientists and public officials need to work transparently to address unanswered questions and work collaboratively with trusted community leaders and health professionals to foster partnered approaches, rather than focusing on marketing campaigns, to eliminate vaccine skepticism.
Assuntos
Atitude/etnologia , Negro ou Afro-Americano , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Hispânico ou Latino , Pandemias , Confiança , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/etnologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/psicologia , Teste para COVID-19 , Feminino , Humanos , Comportamento de Busca de Informação , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , New Jersey , Pesquisa , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Importance: Curbing COVID-19 transmission is currently the greatest global public health challenge. Consumer digital tools used to collect data, such as the Apple-Google digital contact tracing program, offer opportunities to reduce COVID-19 transmission but introduce privacy concerns. Objective: To assess uses of consumer digital information for COVID-19 control that US adults find acceptable and the factors associated with higher or lower approval of use of this information. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional survey study obtained data from a nationally representative sample of 6284 US adults recruited by email from the web-based Ipsos KnowledgePanel in July 2020. Respondents evaluated scenarios reflecting uses of digital data for COVID-19 control (case identification, digital contact tracing, policy setting, and enforcement of quarantines). Main Outcomes and Measures: Levels of support for use of personal digital data in 9 scenarios to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 infection, rated on a Likert scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Multivariable linear regression models were fitted for each scenario and included factors hypothesized to be associated with views about digital data use for COVID-19 mitigation measures. Black and Hispanic survey respondents were oversampled; thus, poststratification weights were used so that results are representative of the general US population. Results: Of 6284 individuals invited to participate in the study, 3547 responded, for a completion rate of 56%. A total of 1762 participants (52%) were female, 715 (21%) identified as Black, 790 (23%) identified as Hispanic, and 1224 (36%) were 60 years or older; mean (SD) age was 51.7 (16.6) years. Approval of scenarios was low, ranging from 28% to 43% (52%-67% when neutral responses were included). Differences were found based on digital data source (smartphone vs social media: coefficient, 0.29 [95% CI, 0.23-0.35]; P < .001; smart thermometer vs social media: coefficient, 0.09 [95% CI, 0.03-0.16]; P = .004). County COVID-19 rates (coefficient, -0.02; 95% CI, -0.16 to 0.13 for quartile 4 compared with quartile 1) and prior family diagnosis of COVID-19 (coefficient, 0.00; 95% CI, -0.25 to 0.25) were not associated with support. Compared with self-described liberal individuals, conservative (coefficient, -0.81; 95% CI, -0.96 to -0.66; P < .001) and moderate (coefficient, -0.52; 95% CI, -0.67 to -0.38; P < .001) individuals were less likely to support the scenarios. Similarly, large political differences were observed in support of the Apple-Google digital contact tracing program, with less support from conservative (coefficient, -0.99; 95% CI, -1.11 to -0.87; P < .001) and moderate (coefficient, -0.59; 95% CI, -0.69 to -0.48; P < .001) individuals compared with liberal individuals. Respondents from racial/ethnic minority groups were more supportive of the scenarios than were White, non-Hispanic respondents. For example, compared with White respondents, Black respondents were more supportive of the Apple-Google contact tracing program (coefficient, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.07-0.32; P = .002). Conclusions and Relevance: In this survey study of US adults, many were averse to their information being used on digital platforms to mitigate transmission of COVID-19. These findings suggest that in current and future pandemics, public health departments should use multiple strategies to gain public trust and accelerate adoption of tools such as digital contact tracing applications.
Assuntos
Atitude , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Busca de Comunicante , Tecnologia Digital , Pandemias , Privacidade , Opinião Pública , Adulto , Idoso , Atitude/etnologia , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Coleta de Dados , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Grupos Minoritários , Política , SARS-CoV-2 , Smartphone , Mídias Sociais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Telemedicina , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Affect has not been entirely established as a casual explanation in social science. The classic academic accounts of millennial movements emphasise both a period of 'unease' in the ambient atmosphere or 'of tension' at the actual start, and then a periodic culmination of fear or extreme emotion as the movement gains a following and the prophecy accelerates so much so, that 'apocalyptic expectation' equates with 'anxiety'. In the instance examined here, a new Caribbean religion, there may well have been identified anxieties around the time of the founder's visions, but once established the group have little strong emotion, negative or otherwise, although always facing the imminent end of all things.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/etnologia , Atitude/etnologia , Cristianismo/psicologia , Religião e Psicologia , Antropologia Médica , Região do Caribe/etnologia , HumanosRESUMO
Aim: We explore attitudes from the public in Costa Rica regarding willingness to donate DNA data for research. Materials & methods: A total of 224 Costa Rican individuals answered the anonymous online survey 'Your DNA, Your Say'. It covers attitudes toward DNA and medical data donation, trust in research professionals and concerns about consequences of reidentification. Results & conclusion: Most individuals (89%) are willing to donate their information for research purposes. When confronted with different potential uses of their data, participants are significantly less likely to donate data to for-profit researchers (34% willingness to donate). The most frequently cited concerns regarding donation of genetic data relate to possible discrimination by health/life insurance companies and employers. For the participants in the survey, the most trusted professionals are their own medical doctor and nonprofit researchers from their country. This is the first study regarding attitudes toward genetic data donation in Costa Rica.
Assuntos
Atitude/etnologia , Bancos de Espécimes Biológicos , DNA/análise , Adulto , Confidencialidade , Costa Rica , Feminino , Humanos , Disseminação de Informação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores SociodemográficosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Stress has a significant influence on the development of depressive symptoms. An individual's coping style and resilience may moderate the symptoms of depression. This study is aimed to investigate the role of coping styles and resilience to depressive symptoms when individuals are facing stress in life based on racial/ethnic and gender differences. METHODS: Enrolled individuals were assessed using the Unfairness Scale, City Stress Inventory, Cook-Medley Hostility Scale, Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). RESULTS: Three hundred ninety-six individuals completed the rating scales. There were significant interactions between race and unfairness, city stress (P = 0.006, P < 0.001), and between gender and city stress (P = 0.016). AAs and males suffer more stress than EAs and females. Hostile attitudes and affects act as mediators and significantly affect the relationship between stress and depressive symptoms (indirect effect: B = 0.812, P < 0.001; direct effect: B = 1.015, P < 0.001). Individuals with high resilience reported lower BDI scores. AAs with high stress and medium resilience had a buffer effect on depressive symptoms, while EAs did not. CONCLUSION: The racial and gender effects of stress on depressive symptoms were significant. Individuals who have frequently experienced stress exhibited a more hostile attitude/affect compared to those who have experienced less stress. Furthermore, individuals who had a more hostile attitude/affect were more likely to be affected by depressive symptoms. Resilience has a protective factor for all participants, and medium resilience had a better buffer effect for AAs compared to EAs. There should be training for boosting resilience in schools and in vulnerable communities.
Assuntos
Afeto , Atitude , Depressão/psicologia , Hostilidade , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica , Adulto , Atitude/etnologia , Depressão/etnologia , Feminino , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores Raciais , Resiliência Psicológica , Fatores Sexuais , Estresse Psicológico/etnologiaRESUMO
In light of the disproportionate risk of hospitalization and death attributable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among racial and ethnic minority groups, parental attitudes and concerns regarding school reopening were assessed by race and ethnicity using data from three online CARAVAN omnibus surveys conducted during July 8-12, 2020, by ENGINE Insights.* Survey participants included 858 parents who had children and adolescents in kindergarten through grade 12 (school-aged children) living in their household. Overall, 56.5% of parents strongly or somewhat agreed that school should reopen this fall, with some differences by race/ethnicity: compared with 62.3% of non-Hispanic White (White) parents, 46.0% of non-Hispanic Black or African American (Black) parents (p = 0.007) and 50.2% of Hispanic parents (p = 0.014) agreed that school should reopen this fall. Fewer White parents (62.5%) than Hispanic (79.5%, p = 0.026) and non-Hispanic parents of other racial/ethnic groups (66.9%, p = 0.041) were supportive of a mask mandate for students and staff members. Understanding parental attitudes and concerns is critical to informing communication and messaging around COVID-19 mitigation. Families' concerns also highlight the need for flexible education plans and equitable resource provision so that youth education is not compromised.
Assuntos
Atitude/etnologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Pandemias , Pais/psicologia , Grupos Raciais/estatística & dados numéricos , Retorno à Escola , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To examine the potential moderating effects of explicit racial attitudes and implicit racial attitudes on the relationship between percent of Black county residents and COVID-19 cases and deaths. METHODS: We collected data from a variety of publicly available sources for 817 counties in the US. (26% of all counties). Cumulative COVID-19 deaths and cases from January 22 to August 31, 2020 were the dependent variables; explicit racial attitudes and implicit racial attitudes served as the moderators; subjective poor or fair health, food insecurity, percent uninsured, percent unemployed, median family income, percent women, percent of Asian county resident, percent of Hispanic county residents, and percent of people 65 or older were controls. RESULTS: The percent of Black county residents was positively associated with COVID-19 cases and deaths at the county level. The relationship between percent of Black residents and COVID-19 cases was moderated by explicit racial attitudes and implicit racial attitudes. CONCLUSIONS: Implicit racial attitudes can take on a shared property at the community level and effectively explain racial disparities. COVID-19 cases are highest when both the percent of Black county residents and implicit racial attitudes are high.
Assuntos
Atitude/etnologia , COVID-19/etnologia , COVID-19/mortalidade , Grupos Raciais/psicologia , Grupos Raciais/estatística & dados numéricos , Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Características de Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
This study investigated prenatal goal setting and breastfeeding attitudes and intentions for 210 Chinese American pregnant women. In addition, this study assessed impact of person-centered versus factual messages on breastfeeding attitudes and intentions. While pregnant women reported receiving information about Baby-Friendly designated hospitals from healthcare providers, most received no breastfeeding information from those same providers. Although women had positive attitudes toward breastfeeding, they showed lack of knowledge about colostrum, general approval for using infant formula, as well as early introduction of complementary foods. By extension, these attitudes suggested they misunderstood the meaning of exclusive breastfeeding. No differences were observed based on parity, trimester of pregnancy, level of education or income. Person-centered and factual messages were judged as equally effective messages, but intention to breastfeed was more affected by the factual message. Reasons for this result are discussed. Healthcare providers are positioned to proactively engage in maternal preparedness for exclusive breastfeeding. These results suggested a missed opportunity for healthcare providers to communicate the value of sustained exclusive breastfeeding for the recommended first 6 months of an infant's life and underscore a need for all antenatal healthcare providers to collaboratively ensure that breastfeeding information is comprehensively provided throughout the span of antenatal care.