Contact allergies to dental materials in patients.

BACKGROUND: Concerns regarding contact allergies and intolerance reactions to dental materials are widespread among patients. Development of novel dental materials and less frequent amalgam use may alter sensitization profiles in patients with possible contact allergy. OBJECTIVES: To analyse current sensitization patterns to dental materials in patients with suspected contact allergy. METHODS: This retrospective, multicentre analysis from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) selected participants from 169 834 people tested in 2005-2019 and registered with (i) an affected area of 'mouth' (and 'lips'/'perioral'), (ii) with the dental material in question belonging to one of three groups (dental filling materials, oral implants or dentures or equivalents) and (iii) with patch-testing done in parallel with the German baseline series, (dental) metal series and dental technician series. RESULTS: A total of 2730 of 169 834 tested patients met the inclusion criteria. The patients were predominantly women (81.2%) aged ≥ 40 years (92.8%). The sensitization rates with confirmed allergic contact stomatitis in women (n = 444) were highest for metals (nickel 28.6%, palladium 21.4%, amalgam 10.9%), (meth)acrylates [2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) 4.8%] and the substances propolis (6.8%) and 'balsam of Peru' (11.4%). The most relevant acrylates were HEMA, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and pentaerythritol triacrylate. Few men were diagnosed with allergic contact stomatitis (n = 68); sensitization rates in men were highest for propolis (14.9%) and amalgam (13.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Allergic contact stomatitis to dental materials is rare. Patch testing should not only focus on metals such as nickel, palladium, amalgam and gold, but also (meth)acrylates and the natural substances propolis and 'balsam of Peru'.

Prevalencia y causas de ceguera en Perú: encuesta nacional / National survey on the prevalence and causes of blindness in Peru

OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de ceguera y deficiencia visual en adultos de Perú y precisar sus causas, evaluar la cobertura y la calidad de los servicios de cirugía de catarata y determinar las barreras que impiden acceder a esos servicios. MÉTODOS: Estudio poblacional transversal con muestreo aleatorio por conglomerado en dos pasos de personas de 50 años o más, representativo de todo el país, mediante la metodología estándar de la Evaluación Rápida de Ceguera Evitable. Se midió la agudeza visual y se examinó el cristalino y el polo posterior por oftalmoscopía directa. Se calculó la cobertura de cirugía de catarata y se evaluó su calidad, además de las causas de tener una agudeza visual < 20/60 y las barreras para acceder a ese tratamiento. RESULTADOS:Se examinaron 4 849 personas. La prevalencia de ceguera fue 2,0% (intervalo de confianza de 95%: 1,5-2,5%). La catarata fue la causa principal de ceguera (58,0%), seguida por el glaucoma (13,7%) y la degeneración macular relacionada con la edad (11,5%). Los errores de refracción no corregidos fueron la principal causa de deficiencia visual moderada (67,2%). La cobertura de cirugía de catarata fue de 66,9%, y 60,5% de los ojos operados de catarata logró una AV ≥ 20/60 con la corrección disponible. Las principales barreras para someterse a la cirugía de catarata fueron el alto costo (25,9%) y no saber que el tratamiento es posible (23,8%). CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de ceguera y deficiencia visual en Perú es similar a la de otros países latinoamericanos. La baja cobertura de cirugía de catarata y el envejecimiento poblacional indican que para aumentar el acceso a estos servicios se debe mejorar la educación de la población en salud ocular y la capacidad resolutiva de los servicios oftalmológicos y de cirugía de catarata, y reducir su costo.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment among adults in Peru and to determine their causes, to evaluate the coverage and quality of the cataract surgical services and to investigate the barriers that inhibit access to these services. METHODS: A cross-sectional population study with two-stage random cluster sampling of individuals of ≥ 50 years old, representative of the entire country, using the standard methodology of the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness. Visual acuity was assessed and the condition of the lens and posterior pole examined by direct ophthalmoscopy. Cataract surgical coverage was calculated. Its quality, as well as the causes of visual acuity < 20/60 and the barriers to accessing surgical treatment were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 4 849 people were examined. Blindness prevalence was 2.0% (confidence interval of 95%: 1.5-2.5%). The main causes of blindness were cataract (58.0%), glaucoma (13.7%) and age-related macular degeneration (11.5%). Uncorrected refraction errors were the principal cause of moderate visual impairment (67.2%). Cataract surgical coverage was 66.9%. 60.5% of the eyes operated for cataracts achieved a visual acuity ≥ 20/60 with available correction. The main barriers to cataract surgery were the high cost (25.9%) and people being unaware that treatment was possible (23.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in Peru is similar to that of other Latin American countries. Given the low cataract surgical coverage and the aging of the population, access to the services could be improved by increasing the population education on eye health and the response capacity of the ophthalmological and cataract surgical services, and by reducing the costs of the latter.

Estudo preliminar da compatibilidade biológica dos cimentos de óxido de zinco e copaíba e óxido de zinco e eugenol: avaliaçäo histológica de implantes subcutâneos em ratos / Preliminary study of the biological compatibility of a zinc oxide-copaiba and zinc oxide-eugenol cements: histological evaluation of subcutaneous implants in rats

No tecido conjuntivo subcutâneo de 20 ratos foram implantados tubos de polietileno preenchidos com o cimento do óxido de zinco e copaíba (Grupo I) e óxido de zinco e eugneol (Grupo Controle II). Decorridos os períodos de 7, 15, 30 e 60 dias, biópsias foram realizadas e as peças cirúrgicas foram cortadas seriadamente e coradas com hematoxilina e eosina. Aos 7 dias para o Grupo I, houve discreta presença de células inflamatórias, necrose de contato e degradaçäo de fibras colágenas, näo sendo observada a presença de neutrófilos ou de células gigantes. O cone capsular formado junto à abertura tubular apresentou discreta amplitude. Todos estes eventos histopatológicos foram ligeiramente superiores para o Grupo II nos primeiros períodos. Com o decorrer dos períodos, para os dois grupos, todos os eventos analisados reduziram em quantidade, e no último período o tecido conjuntivo da área principal de análise apresentava características histológicas de normalidade, permanecendo o tubo de polietileno totalmente envolto por um tecido fibroso denso. Estes achados sugeriram que o material do Grupo I (OZ copaíba) foi menos irritante que o material do Grupo II (Controle), quando implantados no tecido conjuntivo subcutâneo do rato