Bioethics curriculum for undergraduate medical students: an evaluation study utilizing mixed methods approach.

BACKGROUND: The undergraduate bioethics curriculum introduced in a private medical college in Pakistan in 1988 and revised in 2009 has evolved over time to incorporate globally relevant innovations, including integration of bioethics spirally within an existing problem-based learning curricular framework. The present evaluation study shares the results of this integrated bioethics curriculum delivered for 10 years across the five-year undergraduate medical curriculum. The study assessed the effectiveness of the curriculum in terms of student achievement, appropriateness of course contents and efficiency of instructional methods. METHODS: The study utilized a mixed method sequential explanatory design. The quantitative method was used in the first phase to gather data by utilizing a structured online questionnaire. This was followed by the second phase of qualitative methods to explain the findings of the first phase and enrich the data gathered. This phase was based on focus group discussions and document review. RESULTS: Student and faculty responses showed the curriculum contents to be relevant, informative, and appropriate as per learning objectives and student achievement. Multi-modal instructional methods used were stated to be effective and engaging; small group teaching and shorter sessions suggested to be preferable for fostering discussion and maintaining student engagement and attention. Large class formats were stated to be less effective. Students affirmed the contribution of bioethics education to their personal and professional development and ethical positioning. The majority of students agreed that the curriculum contributed to their knowledge acquisition (60.3-71.2%), skill development (59.41-60.30%) and demonstration of ethical/professional behavior (62.54-67.65%). The ranges indicate agreement with related sets of questions. Participants suggested that the curriculum could be further strengthened by better integration in clinical years, role modelling and providing opportunities for application in clinical health care settings. Moreover, topics like ethical issues related to the use of social media, public health ethics and ethics and law were suggested as additions to the existing curriculum. These findings have regional and global relevance for the development and assessment of effective bioethics curricula. CONCLUSION: An effective bioethics curriculum for undergraduate medical education should run longitudinally across the 5 year curriculum and be integrated in the modules and clerkships. Basic acquisition of knowledge and skills takes place in Years 1 & 2 with reinforcement and application in Years 3-5. Learning embedded in an integrated curriculum can help students recognize, critically analyze and address ethical dilemmas. Involvement and commitment of the clinical faculty is essential for reinforcing the ethical principles and concepts learnt in the earlier years.

Fetal Cardiology Bioethics: An Innovative New Curriculum for Cardiology Trainees.

Decision-making in fetal cardiology is fraught with ethical issues yet education in bioethics for trainees is limited or nonexistent. In this innovation report, we describe the development of a fetal cardiology bioethics curriculum designed to address this gap. The curriculum was developed to supplement the core curriculum for cardiology fellows and fetal cardiology subspecialty trainees. The series combines didactic and interactive teaching modalities and contains 5 key components: (1) introduction to bioethics and its role in fetal cardiology, (2) counseling and pathways for compassionate terminal care, (3) case vignette-based ethical analysis and discussion cases, (4) fetal counseling considerations for shared decision-making and recommendations, (5) facilitated communications role play. The curriculum was refined using session evaluations from end users. This report describes the innovative curriculum as a starting point for further incorporation and study of bioethical education in pediatric cardiology and fetal training programs.

Integrating one health: exploring the global dialogue on bioethics.

Unesco's World Bioethics Day, whose theme this year is the protection of future generations, reveals the centrality of the concept of one-health, as the main way to guarantee a future for the planet seen as the common home of all living beings. The recent pandemic has sufficiently shown how animal health is linked to human health and how only the balance of the entire planet guarantees both. Living on earth as human beings, no longer blinded by the Anthropocene's arrogance, but conscious of having a fundamental responsibility for the health care and well-being of every species is the imperative that should guide scientific research, education and social life. Thus, a renovating of the education system is essential to break down rigid boundaries between disciplines and promote complex and critical thinking.

The value of nurse bioethicists.

BACKGROUND: The field of nursing has long been concerned with ethical issues. The history of the nursing profession has a rich legacy of attention to social justice and to societal questions regarding issues of fairness, access, equity, and equality. Some nurses have found that their clinical experiences spur an interest in ethical patient care, and many are now nurse bioethicists, having pursued additional training in bioethics and related fields (e.g., psychology, sociology). PURPOSE: The authors describe how the clinical and research experiences of nurses give them a unique voice in the field of bioethics. RESULTS: Authors present reasons for the relative invisibility of nurse bioethicists, compared with physician, theologian, or philosopher bioethicists, as well as current efforts to increase the visibility of nurse bioethicists. They also describe four specific areas where nurse bioethicists have made and continue to make important contributions: as ethics consultants to colleagues in hospitals and other settings; as bioethics researchers or as advisers to researchers conducting trials with human subjects; as educators of trainees, patients and families, healthcare providers, and the public; and in helping to draft humane and ethical policies for the care of vulnerable patients and underserved populations. CONCLUSION: Nurse bioethicists are central to the future goals of healthcare bringing a unique perspective to the day-to-day ethical challenges of both clinical care and research, as well as to the education of health professionals and the public.

Care for the Environment as a Consideration in Bioethics Discourse and Education.

This article argues that environmental considerations fall within the scope of medical bioethics, and there are implications specific to medical education. It endorses the need to expand the scope and epistemology of contemporary medical bioethics discourse by including themes related to environmental considerations. Our discussion begins by providing a brief history of environmental bioethics. It then offers a critique of three specific health and environmental issues, namely technology, toxics, and consumption, and discusses how these issues are key to articulating moral considerations of human health and subsequently medicine and its teaching. Lastly, it explores criticisms of including environmental issues into the bioethical debate before providing suggestions of how environmental ethics can be included into the medical curriculum. This article concludes by suggesting theoretical possibilities for environmentally inclusive bioethics, such as reorienting bioethical discussions to its original environmental advocacy and supporting environmental bioethics as a competency in medical education.

Debates and discourses for teaching bioethics to a research ethics secretariat in Nairobi, Kenya: A report.

Debates and discourse are effective means of teaching or learning bioethics. Opportunities for continuous training in bioethics are inadequate in low- and middle-income countries. This report highlights the experiences of teaching bioethics to the secretariat of the Scientific and Ethics Review Unit, a research ethics committee in Kenya. The participants were introduced to bioethics through discourse and debates, and their learning experiences or recommendations were noted. Debates and discourses were considered interesting, thought-provoking, informative, engaging, practical, and interactive ways of learning bioethics.

The outcomes of a mobile just-in-time-learning intervention for teaching bioethics in Pakistan.

INTRODUCTION: The study aimed to test the effectiveness and the feasibility of a mobile just-in-time-learning (m-JiTL) approach for teaching bioethics at a university in Pakistan. Over four months, a mobile app (EthAKUL) was used to enhance ethical reasoning among practising nurses, trainee physicians, and medical and nursing students utilising the m-JiTL approach. Participants used EthAKUL to access bioethics modules and participate in asynchronous discussions. METHODS: A mixed methods design was adopted. Pre- and post-knowledge tests were used to assess changes in participants' knowledge of bioethics concepts, while pre- and post-surveys were used to assess changes in participants' attitudes towards m-learning. After the intervention, focus group discussions with the participants were held. Analysis of the discussion posts and meeting notes was conducted. RESULTS: The learners had a favourable attitude toward using mobile devices for learning purposes at the start of the intervention, and the score remained positive afterwards. Bioethics knowledge test scores improved at the end of the intervention, with medical students experiencing the greatest improvement. However, because of the high drop-out rate and lack of participation after the initial phase, it is unclear whether the increase in score or positive attitude is the result of the intervention, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions about the intervention's success. CONCLUSIONS: EthAKUL is the first of its kind app for teaching bioethics, and the study has offered important insights into adopting new pedagogies and technologies for bioethics teaching. It has also identified issues with the design of the app and m-JiTL pedagogy that must be addressed before curriculum-wide adoption.

Joining Humanity and Science: Medical Humanities, Compassionate Care, and Bioethics in Medical Education.

Educating medical students to be physicians involves many dimensions. But in an educational culture where science and technology dominate the curriculum, these subjects also too often dominate the academic value system as well. While a firm grasp of scientific knowledge and technical skill is essential, cultivating humanistic virtues is at the core of all good medical care and the full well-being of those within it. This article describes a formative educational process that points towards compassionate flourishing and unfolds through dialogue and reflection on the human aspects of patient care and the student experience, a process coequal in value to scientific development. This educational process has been successfully implemented at the Center for Medical Humanities, Compassionate Care, and Bioethics at Stony Brook. When supported by a broader institutional culture through an ongoing reflective group process in residencies and other clinical settings, this process fosters professional flourishing, which leads to deeper meaning and compassionate care of patients.

Educar para a bioética: desafio em enfermagem / Educating for bioethics: a challenge in nursing / Educar en bioética: desafío en la enfermería

Resumo Educar para a bioética é um desafio na atualidade. Ainda maior se torna este desafio, quando pensamos no ensino da bioética a estudantes de enfermagem, que irão desempenhar uma profissão que tem como expoente máximo o cuidar da outra pessoa. Tratando-se de uma profissão que implica a relação com o outro e a prestação de cuidados humanizados e adequados a cada situação específica, torna-se importante desenvolver ferramentas de ensino que promovam não só o desenvolvimento técnico e o conhecimento de como fazer, mas essencialmente o desenvolvimento de competências morais, pessoais e profissionais que conduzam a cuidados de saúde de excelência. Este artigo pretende apresentar uma reflexão sobre o ensino da bioética e a sua relação com o desenvolvimento da competência moral dos estudantes de enfermagem, assim como sugerir algumas estratégias no ensino da Bioética que potenciem a formação de enfermeiros cada vez mais competentes.

Abstract Educating for bioethics is a challenge today. This challenge is even greater when we think of the teaching of bioethics to nursing students, who will perform a profession that has as its maximum target the care of other people. Because it is a profession that implies the relationship with the other and the provision of humanized and appropriate care to each situation, it is important to develop teaching tools that promote not only technical improvement and knowledge of how to do a task, but also the development of moral, personal and professional skills that lead to excellent health care. This article presents a reflection on the teaching of bioethics and its relationship with the development of moral competence of nursing students, suggesting some strategies that enhance the teaching of bioethics and the education of increasingly competent nurses.

Resumen Educar en bioética es un desafío en la actualidad. Esto se vuelve más grande cuando pensamos en la enseñanza de bioética a estudiantes de enfermería, quienes desempeñarán una profesión que tiene la máxima expresión la asistencia a las personas. Por ser una profesión que involucra la relación con el otro y la prestación de una asistencia humanizada y adecuada a cada situación específica, es importante desarrollar herramientas didácticas que promuevan no solo el desarrollo técnico y el conocimiento de cómo hacerlo, sino fundamentalmente el desarrollo de competencias morales, personales y profesionales que promuevan una excelente atención en salud. Este artículo reflexiona sobre la enseñanza de la bioética y su relación con el desarrollo de la competencia moral de los estudiantes de enfermería, así como sugiere algunas estrategias para la enseñanza de la Bioética que promueva una formación de profesionales cada vez más competentes.

If Not Now, Then When? Taking Disability Seriously in Bioethics.

The impression of bioethicists as "dangerous," as articulated in Mouth Magazine in 1994, has continued to be a theme in the disability movement. We respond to three common responses by bioethicists to this impression-namely, this is from the past, and bioethicists are different now; this is an angry and extremist position; and the Americans with Disabilities Act and other disability rights and justice efforts have solved historical inequities. We draw on the historical record and on our collective experiences as bioethicists engaged in clinical consultation and education and as the founding, former, and current directors of a program focused on disability and rehabilitation ethics to argue that ableism and unexamined assumptions about people with disabilities have persisted in bioethics despite decades of counternarratives, research, and divergent perspectives. Ableism and such assumptions can lead to health care decisions that are prone to bias, mistreatment, and a lack of consideration of viable options for living with disability. As the field of bioethics moves toward certification examinations and as new generations join the field's ranks, these problems need to be rectified with solutions at the individual, interpersonal, and structural levels. It is past time to take disability seriously.

Capacity Development of Research Ethics Administrators: Scoping Review.

Capacity development of research ethics committees is generally limited to members, and seldom includes administrators. This study sought to map the capacity development efforts of research ethics administrators. A scoping review was conducted. The literature search yielded 92 potentially relevant records, and further screening yielded 22 studies. The 22 studies were extracted and synthesized; two studies spoke directly on administrators' capacity development, while the remaining 20 focused on the capacity development of committees or of committee members. The two studies which spoke directly on administrators reported about two capacity development efforts targeting administrators in Africa, namely the African Conference for Administrators of Research Ethics Committees, and the West African Bioethics Training Program.

Bioethics curriculum in medical schools in Portuguese-speaking countries.

BACKGROUND: A curriculum is a fundamental tool for educators, and teaching bioethics is fundamental to good medical practice. Studies report a lack of consensus on the teaching of bioethics in undergraduate medicine, and a critical issue is that there remain no minimum curricular parameters. This study performed an analysis between the bioethics curricula of the medical schools of Brazil and Portugal and UNESCO's Core Curriculum, in addition to proposing key criteria for designing a core bioethics curriculum. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study that analyzes the bioethics curricula of the medical schools in Brazil and in Portugal. The design of the study includes a qualitative summative content analysis-based approach and a quantitative analysis by means of descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Bioethics is taught in both Brazil and Portugal in a diversified way. The results showed that 65.5% of the medical schools analyzed provided at least the 30-h minimum workload recommended by the UNESCO Core Curriculum. Furthermore, bioethics sporadically offered at the end of the medical program in the vast majority of schools studied. CONCLUSIONS: The most important points to take away from this study are the diversity of the curricular structure of bioethics courses and the lack of formalization of bioethics in the curricula of medical schools in Brazil and Portugal. Given the value of bioethics in clinical practice, we propose that medical schools in Portugal and Brazil update their curricula to encompass minimum criteria, which should be similar to one another and based on common sources, but which should also be tailored to each culture.

An exploration of how gender, political affiliation, or religious identity is associated with comfort and perceptions of controversial topics in bioethics.

Bioethics is an important aspect of understanding the relationship between science and society, but studies have not yet examined undergraduate student experiences and comfort in bioethics courses. In this study, we investigated undergraduate bioethics students' support of and comfort when learning three controversial bioethics topics: gene editing, abortion, and physician-assisted suicide (PAS). Furthermore, student identity has been shown to influence how students perceive and learn about controversial topics at the intersection of science and society. So, we explored how students' religious affiliation, gender, or political affiliation was associated with their support of and comfort when learning about gene editing, abortion, and PAS. We found that most students entered bioethics with moderated viewpoints on controversial topics but that there were differences in students' tendency to support each topic based on their gender, religion, and political affiliation. We also saw differences in student comfort levels based on identity: women reported lower comfort than men when learning about gene editing, religious students were less comfortable than nonreligious students when learning about abortion and PAS, and nonliberal students were less comfortable than liberal students when learning about abortion. Students cited that the controversy surrounding these topics and a personal hesitancy to discuss them caused discomfort. These findings indicate that identity impacts comfort and support in a way similar to that previously shown in the public. Thus, it may be important for instructors to consider student identity when teaching bioethics topics to maximize student comfort, ultimately encouraging thoughtful consideration and engagement with these topics.

Metodologias aplicadas no ensino de Ética, Bioética e Deontologia da Saúde durante a última década: uma revisão integrativa / Metodologías aplicadas en la enseñanza de la Ética, Bioética y Deontología de la Salud durante la última década: una revisión integradora / Methodologies applied in the teaching of Ethics, Bioethics and Deontology during the last decade: an integrative review

Esta revisão integrativa realiza um mapeamento da produção científica da última década com vistas às metodologias aplicadas no ensino de Ética, Bioética e Deontologia, objetivando categorizá-las e descrevê-las. Na busca pelos descritores "ensino" and "saúde" and "ética" or "bioética" or "deontologia", nas bases de Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Educational Resources Information Centre (ERIC), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Google Acadêmico, foram encontrados 34 artigos. As metodologias foram organizadas em: metodologias ativas e modelo tradicional. A síntese desta revisão afirma que as metodologias ativas oferecem aprendizagens mais significativas se comparadas ao modelo tradicional, sobretudo associadas ao uso da tecnologia. Além disso, pressupostos teóricos transversais e interdisciplinares também foram associados à aplicabilidade metodológica no ensino das temáticas em questão. (AU)

Esta revisión integradora realiza un mapeo de la producción científica de la última década, con relación a las metodologías aplicadas en la enseñanza de la Ética, Bioética y Deontología, con el objetivo de caracterizarlas y describirlas. En la búsqueda por los descriptores "enseñanza" and "salud" and "ética" or "bioética" or "deontología" en las bases Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS), Educational Resources Information Centre (ERIC), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) y Google Académico se encontraron treinta y cuatro artículos. Las metodologías se organizaron en: metodologías activas y modelo tradicional. La síntesis de esta revisión afirma que las metodologías activas ofrecen aprendizajes más significativos si comparadas al modelo tradicional, principalmente asociadas al uso de la tecnología. Además, presuposiciones teóricas transversales e interdisciplinarias también se asociaron a la aplicabilidad metodológica en la enseñanza de las temáticas en cuestión. (AU)

This integrative review maps out the scientific production of the last decade focusing on methodologies applied in teaching Ethics, Bioethics and Deontology, aiming to categorize and describe them. The review found thirty-four articles searching the keywords "teaching" and "health" and "ethics" or "bioethics" or "deontology" in the bases Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Educational Resources Information Centre (ERIC), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Google Scholar. The methodologies were organized into: active methodologies and traditional model. The synthesis of this review states that active methodologies offer more significant learning, when compared to the traditional model, especially due to technology. Moreover, transversal and interdisciplinary theoretical assumptions were also associated with methodological applicability in the teaching of the themes in question. (AU)

Bioética na prática clínica do fisioterapeuta: concepções de docentes e discentes / Bioethics in the physical therapist's clinical practice: conceptions by faculty members and students / La bioética en la práctica clínica de los fisioterapeutas: concepciones de profesores y estudiantes

Resumo Trata-se de investigação empírica, descritiva e qualitativa que analisa a abordagem de valores e aspectos humanísticos na graduação de fisioterapia e investiga a percepção de docentes e discentes sobre questões éticas relacionadas ao exercício profissional. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e individuais com o coordenador do curso de fisioterapia de uma universidade pública brasileira, 12 docentes e 24 discentes do último ano do curso. Embora o tema não seja explorado em profundidade na graduação, os entrevistados falaram sobre conflitos éticos referentes à relação com outros profissionais, com pacientes e com o serviço de saúde e à alocação de recursos. Os discentes consideraram que as discussões sobre ética são tratadas apenas de modo implícito, e entre os docentes houve consenso de que é preciso abordar os conteúdos de ética de maneira mais aplicada à realidade da fisioterapia.

Abstract This is an empirical, descriptive and qualitative investigation on the approach to values and humanistic aspects in an undergraduate course in physical therapy. The perception of faculty members and students about ethical issues related to professional practice is investigated. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with the course coordinator, 12 faculty members and 24 students on their final year of the physical therapy course at a public Brazilian university. Although the theme is not explored in depth during the undergraduate course, the interviewees mentioned ethical conflicts concerning the relationship with other professionals, patients and the health service, as well as the allocation of resources. The students considered that discussions about ethics are treated only implicitly, and among the faculty members there was a consensus that it is necessary to approach the contents of ethics in a more applied manner to the reality of physical therapy

Resumen Esta es una investigación empírica, descriptiva y cualitativa, cuyo objetivo es analizar la formación en valores y aspectos humanísticos en la graduación de fisioterapia e investigar la percepción de profesores y estudiantes sobre los problemas éticos relacionados con la práctica profesional. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas e individuales con el coordinador del curso de fisioterapia de una universidad pública brasileña, 12 profesores y 24 estudiantes del último año del curso. Aunque no se exploraron en profundidad a nivel de pregrado, los conflictos éticos en la atención de pacientes de fisioterapia se ejemplificaron por la relación interprofesional, con el paciente y con respecto a los servicios de salud y la asignación de recursos. Los estudiantes consideraron que las discusiones sobre ética son tratadas solo implícitamente, y entre los profesores hubo consenso en que es necesario abordar los contenidos de la ética de una manera más aplicada a la realidad de la fisioterapia.

Teaching of ethics in medical undergraduate programs / Enseñanza de la ética en programas de pregrado médico / Ensino da ética nos cursos de graduação em medicina

Abstract 19. Literature points to the existent diversity in medical graduate courses' curriculums, reinforcing the need to systematise and deepen more studies in this area with the aim of qualifying the formation of our future professionals. This study aims to understand the methods used in the teaching of Bioethics in medical graduation worldwide. It was characterised as an integrative review and the databases used were Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science. In total 2993 articles were identified and 72 met the pre-selected criteria and were included in the review. The characteristics of teaching bioethics that stood out the most in the analysis were: teaching still very heterogeneous between different universities, use of various methodologies in the process of teaching/learning, teaching disconnected from the medical practice of students showing the need to integrate the curriculum with clinical practice and challenges of teaching-learning process. Most of the studies in this review lead us to understand that there is still no minimum parameters on the ideal method to teach bioethics, suggesting that it may affect the feeling of unpreparedness felt by students in face of ethical issues in clinical practice, despite the theoretical basis acquired.

Resumen 23. La literatura apunta a la diversidad existente en los currículos de los posgrados de medicina, reforzando la necesidad de sistematizar y profundizar más estudios en esta área, con el fin de capacitar la formación de nuestros futuros profesionales. Este estudio tiene como objetivo comprender los métodos utilizados en la enseñanza de la bioética en la graduación médica en el mundo. Se caracterizó como una revisión integradora y las bases de datos utilizadas fueron Pubmed, Scopus y Web of Science. En total se identificaron 2.993 artículos, 72 cumplieron los criterios preseleccionados y se incluyeron en la revisión. Las características de la enseñanza de la bioética que más se destacaron en el análisis fueron: docencia aún muy heterogénea entre diferentes universidades, uso de diversas metodologías en el proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje, docencia desconectada de la práctica médica de los estudiantes, mostrando la necesidad de integrar el currículo con la práctica clínica y los desafíos del proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje. La mayoría de los estudios de esta revisión nos lleva a entender que aún no existen parámetros mínimos sobre el método ideal para enseñar bioética, sugiriendo que puede impactar en la falta de preparación que sienten los estudiantes ante cuestiones éticas en la práctica clínica, a pesar de las teorías base adquiridas.

Resumo: 27. Vários estudos relatam a diversidade existente nos currículos da graduação em medicina, reforçando a necessidade de sistematizar e aprofundar mais estudos nesta área com o objetivo de qualificar a formação dos nossos futuros profissionais. Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender os métodos utilizados no ensino da Bioética na graduação em medicina em todo o mundo. Esse estudo caracterizou-se como revisão integrativa e as bases de dados utilizadas foram Pubmed, Scopus e Web of Science. No total, foram identificados 2.993 artigos e 72 atenderam aos critérios pré-selecionados e foram incluídos na revisão. As características do ensino da bioética que mais se destacaram nas análises foram: ensino ainda muito heterogêneo entre as diferentes universidades, utilização de diversas metodologias no processo de ensino / aprendizagem, ensino desvinculado da prática médica dos alunos evidenciando a necessidade de integração curricular com a prática clínica e os desafios do processo ensino-aprendizagem. A maioria dos estudos desta revisão nos leva a entender que ainda não existem parâmetros mínimos sobre o método ideal de ensino da bioética e traz como um desafio importante o despreparo sentido pelos alunos frente às questões éticas na prática, apesar da fundamentação teórica adquirida.

COVID-19 era healthcare ethics education: Cultivating educational and moral resilience.

The COVID-19 pandemic crisis has had profound effects on global health, healthcare, and public health policy. It has also impacted education. Within undergraduate healthcare education of doctors, nurses, and allied professions, rapid shifts to distance learning and pedagogic content creation within new realities, demands of healthcare practice settings, shortened curricula, and/or earlier graduation have also challenged ethics teaching in terms of curriculum allotments or content specification. We propose expanding the notion of resilience to the field of ethics education under the conditions of remote learning. Educational resilience starts in the virtual classroom of ethics teaching, initially constituted as an "unpurposed space" of exchange about the pandemic's challenging impact on students and educators. This continuously transforms into "purposed space" of reflection, discovering ethics as a repertory of orientative knowledge for addressing the pandemic's challenges on personal, professional, societal, and global levels and for discovering (and then addressing) that the health of individuals and populations also has moral determinants. As such, an educational resilience framework with inherent adaptability rises to the challenge of supporting the moral agency of students acting both as professionals and as global citizens. Educational resilience is key in supporting and sustaining professional identify formation and facilitating the development of students' moral resilience and leadership amid moral complexity and potential moral transgression-not only but especially in times of pandemic.

Falhas de comunicação e epistemológicas limitam a abordagem da Bioética na formação e na prática em Saúde / Communication and epistemological shortcomings limit the bioethics approach in health education and practice / Fallas de comunicación y epistemológicas limitan el abordaje de la Bioética en la formación y práctica en Salud

Este artigo analisa o Ensino de Ética e Bioética (EEB) nos Programas de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde (PRMS) vinculados à Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Brasil. A fim de compreender o EEB em sete programas pesquisados, avaliamos sua perspectiva teórica com base nos projetos pedagógicos (PP) comparando com um currículo de referência ("Core Curriculum", Unesco). Para avaliar o aspecto prático, desenvolvemos 11 entrevistas semiestruturadas (critério de saturação) com preceptores (as) avaliadas por análise de conteúdo (abordagem framework). Os PP analisados tinham carga horária e módulos temáticos aquém daqueles propostos no currículo referência. Os (as) preceptores (as) desconhecem o EEB como parte do currículo dos PRMS. Apontamos a qualificação da comunicação universidade e serviços e o reconhecimento das contribuições dos (as) preceptores (as) na formação dos residentes como medidas importantes para qualificar o EEB. (AU)

This article analyzes the teaching of ethics and bioethics (TEB) in multiprofessional residency programs (MPRPs) linked to Rio Grande do Norte Federal University, Brazil. To understand TEB in the seven programs investigated by the study, we assessed theoretical perspectives in the pedagogical plans, comparing them to UNESCO's Bioethics Core Curriculum. To evaluate practical aspects, we conducted 11 semi-structured interviews (employing the saturation criterion) with preceptors, which were assessed using content analysis (framework approach). The pedagogical plans' course loads and thematic modules fell short of the Core Curriculum recommendations. The preceptors were unaware that TEB was part of the MPRPs. Improving the quality of university communication and services and recognizing preceptors' contributions to resident education and training are key measures needed to improve TEB. (AU)

Este artículo analiza la Enseñanza de Ética y Bioética (EEB) en los programas de Residencia Multiprofesional en Salud (PRMS) vinculados a la Universidad Federal de Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Brasil. Con la finalidad de comprender el EEB en siete programas investigados, evaluamos su perspectiva teórica a partir de los proyectos pedagógicos (PP) comparando con un currículum de referencia ("Core Curriculum", Unesco). Para evaluar el aspecto práctico, desarrollamos once entrevistas semiestructuradas (criterio saturación) con preceptores, evaluados por análisis de contenido (abordaje framework). Los PP analizados tenían carga horaria y módulos temáticos menores a los propuestos en el currículo de referencia. Los preceptores desconocen el EEB como parte del currículo de los PRMS. Señalamos la calificación de la comunicación universidad y servicios y el reconocimiento de las contribuciones de los preceptores en la formación de los residentes, como medidas importantes para calificar el EEB. (AU)