Mechanisms of dental injuries in basketball, United States, 2003-2022.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Oral injuries such as oral soft tissue lacerations and contusions can occur in basketball by mechanisms such as running into other players or falling. Given a high enough impact force, dental injuries such as tooth fractures and avulsions can occur. Previous research has studied the different types of oral injuries as well as the mechanisms that cause them. Yet, the mechanisms resulting in dental injuries have remained unexplored. The aims of this study were to investigate the distribution of different oral injuries within each injury mechanism and evaluate which mechanisms were most likely to lead to a dental injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). Subjects who experienced oral injuries from basketball between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2022 were included in this study. The independent variable was the injury mechanism. The dependent variable was the dental injury outcome (yes/no). Multivariate logistic regression was used to measure the association between the injury mechanism and the dental injury outcome. A p < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: This study included 4419 subjects who experienced oral injuries (national estimate, 138,980). Approximately 14.7% of oral injuries were dental injuries. Subjects experiencing collisions with objects such as walls or the basketball hoop (odds ratio (OR), 4.39; p < .001), falls (OR, 3.35; p < .001), or contact with the basketball (OR, 1.77; p = .006) had significantly higher odds of sustaining a dental injury relative to those experiencing contact with another player. CONCLUSIONS: Basketball players experiencing contact to the mouth have high odds of sustaining a dental injury. An understanding of injury mechanisms is important for medical teams to manage these injuries and for coaches to educate athletes on safe and proper playing styles. Furthermore, healthcare providers and basketball staff should encourage athletes to wear mouthguards to reduce the risk of traumatic dental injuries.

Prevalence of Oral Lesions Diagnosed at a Pathology Institute: A Four-year Analysis

Abstract Objective: To identify the most prevalent oral lesions based on reports from a pathology institute's reports and associations between malignant and oral potentially malignant disorders with patient's demographic variables and the anatomical location. Material and Methods: All 1,298 histopathological reports of oral lesions recorded in the database were reviewed. Demographic variables, anatomical location of the lesion, histopathological diagnosis of the lesions, and their biological behavior were analyzed. Results: Regarding the biological behavior of the identified lesions, benign lesions were predominant (70%), followed by lesions of undetermined behavior (14.3%), malignant lesions (14.2%), absence of histological alteration (1.2%), and finally, oral potentially malignant disorders (0.5%). The anatomical locations of the most prevalent oral lesions potentially malignant disorders and malignant were in the following structures of the oral cavity: gums, buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth and hard palate (p=49.2%), and tongue (p=48.7%). Conclusion: The probability of malignant and premalignant lesions was higher among males (PR= 4.21; 95% CI 2.08-6.22), the increase in age (PR = 1.06; 95% CI 1.05-1.08), and in the tongue region (PR = 5.48; 95% CI 1.67; 17.92). Identification of malignant and potentially malignant oral conditions is higher in older men and in tongue specimens.

Child abuse and neglect: oral and dental signs and the role of the dentist.

Historically, the law, dental and forensic literature has included numerous articles concerning abused children. The orofacial structures are injured frequently in the maltreated child. Injuries of the neck, head, face, and oral cavity represent the most affected areas of the victim's body that routinely sustain physical trauma in child maltreatment cases. This literature review aimed to report the state of art of child abuse from the point of view of the dentist with focus on studies in dental aspects of child abuse and neglect of the last ten years. Considering the time slot, 20 papers were included with the following inclusion criteria: papers published in English, all keywords included in the title, articles available on PubMed. Many of the injuries are within the scope of dentistry or easily observed by the dental professional during routine dental treatment, and it is essential that the dentist recognizes them. Concerning neglect, it is appropriate to make a distinction between deliberate parental behavior that has the consequence of unavoidable and voluntary neglect towards their children and those conditions of involuntary carelessness determined by socio-economic and cultural factors such as family isolation, lack of finances, parental ignorance, or lack of perceived value of oral health. Therefore, it is relevant that the dentist pays attention to the cases to report and those that only need help.

Tumores vasculares de interesse odontológico: aspectos clínicos e formas de tratamento / Vascular tumors of dental interest: clinical aspects and forms of treatment

Os hemangiomas são neoplasias benignas dos tecidos moles. São lesões caracterizadas pela proliferação de células endoteliais. Objetivos: O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar por meio de uma revisão da literatura os principais hemangiomas de interesse odontológico e suas características clínicas e abordagens terapêuticas. Revisão de literatura: O estudo mostrou prevalência de até 6% na população geral, sendo o tumor mais comum na infância. Essas lesões apresentam rápido crescimento pós-natal, que pode levar meses a dois anos em média, mas geralmente após esse período ocorre sua involução. O diagnóstico é comumente baseado nas características clínicas e na história do paciente. É importante entender que o estudo histopatológico pode ser necessário nos casos em que o diagnóstico é incerto, para diferenciá-lo de outras neoplasias graves. Destacam-se as principais complicações relacionadas a lesões, ulcerações e hemorragias, além de infecções secundárias que podem causar alto índice de morbidade. Assim, é fundamental que o dentista reconheça essas patologias e tenha capacidade para tratá-las. Considerações finais: Foi possível observar que os hemangiomas são manifestações vasculares incomuns para o cirurgião-dentista, porém o profissional deve saber diagnosticá-los e tratá-los. Dentre as áreas acometidas, essas lesões são frequentes na cavidade oral e o tratamento consiste em acompanhamento com intervenções conservadoras(AU)

Hemangiomas are benign soft tissue neoplasms. These are lesions characterized by the proliferation of endothelial cells. Objectives: The objective of this work is to demonstrate through a literature review about the main hemangiomas of dental interest and clinical characteristics and therapeutic approaches. Literature review: The study showed a prevalence of up to 6% in the general population, being the most common tumor in childhood. These lesions presents a rapid postnatal growth, which may take months until two years on average, but usually after this period their involution occurs. The diagnosis is commonly based on clinical characteristics and patient's history. It is important to understand that the histopathological study may be necessary in cases that the diagnostic is uncertainty, in order to differentiate it from other serious neoplasms. Main complications related to injuries, ulceration and hemorrhage can be highlighted, in addition to secondary infections that can cause a high rate of morbidity. Thus, it is essential that dentists recognize such pathologies and be able to treat them. Final considerations: Was possible do observe that hemangiomas are uncommon vascular manifestations for the dental surgeon, however, the professional must know to diagnose and treat them. Among the affected areas, these lesions are frequently seen in the oral cavity and the treatment consists of following up with conservative interventions(AU)

Oral lesions after infection by SARS CoV 2: two case reports / Lesiones bucales posteriores a infección por SARS CoV 2 presentación de dos casos

Introduction: The SARS CoV 2 infection has resulted in several health, economic, and social crises in all areas. The disease shows a substantial biological diversity in humans causing a series of sequels in the trans- or post-infection period in the entire organism. Case Report: The manifestations that occur in the oral cavity and pharynx have not been evaluated. In this study, two clinical cases are reported. The first patient, a 67-year-old male, presents erosive lesions on the dorsal surface of his tongue after SARS CoV 2 infection. Results: Therapy consisting of reinforcing oral cleaning, use of antifungal solutions, mouthwashes containing superoxidation solution and B complex was given to the patient. The reported lesions improved satisfactorily. The second case, a 47-year-old male patient, presented vesiculobullous lesions on the lingual and labial mucosa accompanied by severe painful symptoms after SARS CoV 2 infection. An incisional biopsy was performed. The histopathological result was compatible with pemphigus vulgaris, and the treatment protocol was started with 0.1% topical mometasone and 2g miconazole gel, observing adequate involution of the lesions after 20 days. Conclusions: The aim of this study is to report on the lesions affecting the oral cavity and pharynx in post-COVID patients with the aim of carrying out a thorough intraoral examination, establishing a clinical or histopathological diagnosis to implement a specific treatment plan in each case to improve the health and quality of life of the patients. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Oral manifestations; Oral ulcer; Pemphigus; Mouth; Mucous membrane.

Introducción: La infección por virus de SARS CoV 2 ha dejado a su paso una estela de crisis en materia de salud, económica, social y en todos los ámbitos a la fecha seguimos realizando la observación del comportamiento de la enfermedad en los seres humanos con una diversidad biológica importante y que ha traído como consecuencia una serie de secuelas que se presentan en el periodo trans o posterior a la infección en toda la economía corporal. Reporte de Caso: Se ha evaluado poco las manifestaciones que se presentan en la cavidad bucal y faringe; se presentan dos casos clínicos el primero paciente masculino de 67 años de edad posterior a la infección por SARS CoV 2 presenta diluciones de continuidad en bordes laterales de la lengua se indica terapia y refuerza limpieza bucal, antimicótico, colutorios con solución de superoxidación y complejo B, las úlceras involucionan de manera satisfactoria. Resultados: El segundo caso masculino de 47 años posterior a la infección por SARS CoV 2 debuta con lesiones vesículo-ampollosas en mucosa lingual, labial con sintomatología dolorosa severa, se realiza biopsia incisional donde el resultado histopatológico es compatible con pénfigo vulgar, se inicia protocolo de tratamiento con mometasona tópica al 0.1% y miconazol gel 2g observándose una adecuada involución de las lesiones a los 20 días. Conclusiones: El objetivo de este trabajo es poner en contexto de la comunidad médica y científica las lesiones concernientes a la cavidad bucal y faringe que están presentando los pacientes postcovid con el objetivo de realizar una exhaustiva exploración intraoral, establecer un diagnóstico clínico o histopatológico y con base en esto instaurar un plan de tratamiento específico en cada caso en particular con el fin fundamental de mejorar la salud y calidad de vida del paciente.

Granuloma piógeno oral. Serie de casos / Oral pyogenic granuloma. Case series

RESUMEN El granuloma piógeno es una lesión que se manifiesta en la piel y en la cavidad oral, relacionado con diversas causas, como irritación crónica, trauma y cambios hormonales. Clínicamente se muestra como una lesión hiperplásica altamente vascularizada, con un tamaño de 1-3 cm, de base pedunculada o sésil y de crecimiento lento. Predomina en el sexo femenino y tiende a aparecer, sobre todo, en la encía, con muy pocos casos reportados en zonas edentes, motivo por el que se realizó el reporte de tres casos de granuloma piógeno oral en pacientes femeninas, comprendidas entre 30 y 40 años de edad. Se presentaron lesiones que diferían en cuanto a su localización y apariencia clínica (AU).

ABSTRACT Pyogenic granuloma is a lesion that arises in the skin and oral cavity, related to various causes, such as chronic irritation, trauma and hormonal changes. Clinically it looks like a highly vascularized hyperplastic lesion, sized 1-3 cm, with a pedunculated or sessile base and slow growing. It predominates in the female sex and tends to appear, above all, in the gum, with very few cases reported in edentulous areas; that is why the authors reported three cases of oral pyogenic granuloma in female patients, aged between 30 and 40 years. The lesions differed in their location and clinical appearance (AU).

Relación causa - efecto entre manifestaciones bucales y pacientes con la COVID-19 / Cause - effect relationship between the oral manifestations and the patients with COVID-19

Las manifestaciones clínicas en los pacientes con la COVID-19 han sido notificadas en numerosas investigaciones; sin embargo, respecto a la cavidad bucal es escasa la información. En este artículo se abordan las manifestaciones bucales más frecuentes y su localización. Asimismo, se considera que no puede establecerse la relación causa - efecto entre la infección por coronavirus y la aparición de lesiones bucales, puesto que estas lesiones pueden estar relacionadas con la inmunosupresión; además, se presentan como coinfecciones y manifestaciones secundarias con múltiples aspectos clínicos.

The clinical signs in patients with COVID-19 have been notified in numerous investigations; however, there is lack of information regarding the oral cavity. The most frequent oral manifestations and their localization are approached in this work. Also, it is considered that the cause-effect relationship between the infection by coronavirus and the emergence of oral lesions cannot be established, since these lesions can be related to the immunosupression; also, they are presented as coinfections and secondary signs with multiple clinical aspects.

The use of customized mouthguards during the training produced protective effects on salivary factors of young athletes.

AIM: Custom-made mouthguards have many advantages compared to the stock and ready-made types, but sport treatments with custom made mouthguards involve changes in ecological factors of the oral cavity. In the present study we investigated the potential protective role of salivary factors, such as pH value, volume, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2? (8-iso-PGF2?) levels during training with customised mouthguards. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 80 subjects were selected: 40 athletes, of whom 20 practice volleyball and 20 basketball (test group), and 40 subjects who attend a gym at a non-competitive level (control group). The athletes (test group) were analyzed at baseline (T0), pre-training (T1), post-training with custom-made Ethylene-Vinyl-Acetate (EVA) mouthguards (T2), post-training without mouthguards (T3). The control group was analyzed only at baseline (T0). On each player, in the 4 time points, and on the control group at T0, we stimulated saliva for determining PGE2 and 8-iso-PGF2? levels by radioimmunoassay and pH value by a pH meter and volume/ml. Saliva pH was calculated with a pH meter. RESULTS: We observed an inhibition of 8-iso-PGF2? salivary release induced by physical exercise and by use of custom-made mouthguard, while we found an increase in PGE2 salivary level in athletes after training and wearing the mouthguard. Furthermore, in the test of the volume of saliva produced in 5 minutes, a significant inhibition of saliva production emerged in the athletes who did not use the mouthguard during sports activities. CONCLUSION: Sports activity could lead to a reduction in oxidative stress and the use of mouth guards seems even more effective for athletes.

Liquen plano pigmentoso en la cavidad oral / Lichen planus pigmentosus in oral cavity

Introducción: El liquen plano pigmentoso es una lesión autoinmune de etiología desconocida, aunque tiene mayor incidencia en mujeres de mediana edad, a las que afecta principalmente la cara y el cuello y, en menor medida, la cavidad oral. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas e histopatológicas de un caso de liquen plano pigmentoso en la cavidad oral. Presentación del caso: Mujer de 21 años, negra, que acudió al servicio quejándose de una mancha en la cavidad oral. Las lesiones presentaban un mes de evolución, crecimiento radial y sin síntomas dolorosos. Consistían en placas ennegrecidas de contorno regular con estrías blanquecinas en su periferia, forma redondeada, bordes afilados, en mucosa yugal bilateral, que medían aproximadamente 25 mm en el derecho y 13 mm en el lado izquierdo. Después de la biopsia incisional y el análisis histopatológico, se confirmó la sospecha de liquen plano pigmentoso oral. El tratamiento propuesto para las lesiones fue conservador mediante un estricto seguimiento clínico. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico del liquen plano pigmentoso, debido a su baja ocurrencia en la cavidad oral y sus características clínicas atípicas y semejantes a otras lesiones orales, es complejo. En este contexto, se ratifica la relevancia del examen histopatológico y se destaca la necesidad de otros estudios para aclarar los factores etiológicos involucrados en esta lesión(AU)

Introduction: Pigment lichen planus is an autoimmune lesion of unknown etiology, with preference for middle-aged women, which mainly affects the face and neck, being rare in the oral cavity. Objective: To report a case of pigment lichen planus in the oral cavity, with emphasis on its clinical and histopathological characteristics. Case report: 21 years old woman, black, who came to the service complaining about a spot in the oral cavity. The lesions presented a month of evolution, radial growth and no painful symptoms. They consisted of blackened plates of regular contour with whitish stretch marks on their periphery, rounded shape, sharp edges, on bilateral jugular mucosa, which measured approximately 13 mm on the left side and 25 mm on the right. After the incisional biopsy and histopathological analysis, the suspicion of oral pigment lichen planus was confirmed. The proposed treatment for the lesions was conservative through strict clinical follow-up. Conclusion: The importance and difficulty of the diagnosis of pigment lichen planus is emphasized, especially due to its low occurrence in the oral cavity and its atypical clinical characteristics and similar to other oral lesions. In this context, the relevance of the histopathological examination is ratified and the need for further studies to clarify the etiological factors involved in this pathology is highlighted(AU)

Anthocyanin complex niosome gel accelerates oral wound healing: In vitro and clinical studies.

An anthocyanin complex (AC), composed of extracts of purple waxy corn and blue butterfly pea petals, and AC niosomes, bilayered vesicles of non-ionic surfactants, were compared in in vitro and clinical studies. Cultured fibroblasts subjected to a scratch wound were monitored for cell viability, cell migration, nuclear morphology and protein expression. Scratched cells showed accelerated wound healing activity, returning to normal 24 h after treatment with AC niosomes (0.002 mg/mL). Western blots and immunocytochemistry indicated upregulation of type I, III and IV collagens, fibronectin and laminins in AC niosome-treated scratched cells. A randomized block placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial in 60 volunteers (18-60 years old) with oral wounds indicated that AC niosome gel accelerated wound closure, reduced pain due to the oral wounds and improved participants' quality of life more than AC gel, triamcinolone gel and placebo gel. These data are consistent with enhanced delivery of AC to fibroblasts by use of niosomes. AC niosomes activated fibroblasts within wounded regions and accelerated wound healing, indicating that AC niosomes have therapeutic potential.

Asociación entre los niveles de linfocitos T CD4 y lesiones bucales de portadores del VIH/sida / Association between CD4 T lymphocyte levels and oral lesions in HIV/AIDS patients

Introducción: Las enfermedades de la cavidad bucal en los pacientes con VIH/sida pueden verse agravadas dependiendo de la respuesta inmunitaria del paciente y los niveles de linfocitos. Objetivo: Relacionar los niveles de linfocitos T CD4 y las principales lesiones bucales en pacientes con el VIH/sida del Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue (Lima, Perú), durante el 2018. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico y de corte transversal, entre julio y octubre del 2018, en 65 pacientes hospitalizados, a los cuales se realizó un examen clínico de la cavidad bucal. Se evaluó la presencia de manifestaciones bucales asociadas al VIH/sida; también se clasificó el nivel de linfocitos T CD4 en tres categorías (> 500 cel/mm3, entre 200-500 cel/mm3 y < 200 cel/mm3). Resultados: Un 70,8 por ciento de los pacientes no se encontraba con tratamiento antirretroviral al momento del examen. El nivel promedio de linfocitos T CD4 fue 237,65 cel/mm3, con mayor prevalencia en mujeres. El 56,9 por ciento de los pacientes presentaron lesiones bucales, el sexo masculino fue el más afectado (91 por ciento). La lesión más frecuente fue la candidiasis bucal (44,6 por ciento) y la categoría que presentó mayor frecuencia de lesiones bucales fue la < 200 cel/mm3 (38,5 por ciento; p < 0,05). Conclusiones: El sexo masculino presentó la mayor cantidad de lesiones bucales asociadas a bajos niveles de linfocitos T CD4. La mayor parte de lesiones bucales se presentaron en un nivel de linfocitos T CD4 < 200 cel/mm3. La candidiasis bucal fue la lesión que más se evidenció al momento de realizar el examen clínico(AU)

Introduction: Oral diseases may be aggravated in HIV/AIDS patients depending on their immune response and lymphocyte levels. Objective: Describe the relationship between CD4 T lymphocyte levels and the main oral lesions in HIV/AIDS patients from Hipólito Unanue National Hospital in Lima, Peru, during the year 2018. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted of 65 hospitalized patients from July to October 2018. The patients underwent oral clinical examination. Evaluation was performed of the presence of HIV/AIDS-related oral manifestations, and CD4 T lymphocyte levels were classified into three categories: > 500 cell/mm3, 200-500 cell/mm3 and < 200 cell/lmm3. Results: Of the total patients studied, 70.8 percent were not under antiretroviral treatment at the moment of the examination. Average CD4 T lymphocyte level was 237.65 cell/mm3, with higher results among women. 56.9 percent of the patients had oral lesions. Males were more commonly affected (91 percent). The most frequent lesion type was oral candidiasis (44.6 percent), whereas the category presenting the highest frequency of oral lesions was < 200 cell/mm3 (38.5 percent; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Male patients presented the largest number of oral lesions associated to low CD4 T lymphocyte levels. Most of the oral lesions were found at a CD4 T lymphocyte level < 200 cell/mm3. Oral candidiasis was the lesion most commonly found by the clinical examination(AU)

Manifestación oral de la sífilis / Oral manifestation of syphilis

Introduction: syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease with an annual incidence of 12 million people worldwide. In Brazil, there are increasing rates of infant mortality and incidence due to this disease. Objective: to report a case of primary syphilis with manifestation in the mouth. Case report: patient 50-years-old, male, homosexual with a complaint of an asymptomatic lesion on the lower left lip for about 2 months. In the intraoral physical examination, it was observed ulcerated lesion, with white-yellowish pseudomembrane, non-suppurative with hardened, elevated and badly-delimited edges measuring approximately 3 cm on the lower left lip. An incisional biopsy of the lesion was carried out and it was prescribed high doses of prednisolone, but without success. During follow-up, erythematous lesions target-shaped appeared in the palmar region and the resulting histopathological report showed ulcerated lichenoid cheilitis. Hematological exams confirmed positive for syphilis in the VDRL test. The treatment was penicillin G benzathine for 3 weeks. Conclusions: in the present case, the syphilitic lesion has clinical characteristics common to other diseases. Thus, dentists should know their clinical manifestations, that would aid in early diagnosis and treatment(AU)

Introducción: La sífilis es una enfermedad de transmisión sexual con una incidencia anual de 12 millones de personas en el mundo. En Brasil, hay crecientes tasas de incidencia y mortalidad infantil por esa enfermedad. Objetivo: Describir un caso de sífilis primaria con manifestación en cavidad oral. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino de 50 años de edad, homosexual, con queja de lesión sin dolor en el labio inferior izquierdo que había comenzado aproximadamente dos meses antes de asistir a la consulta. En la inspección clínica intraoral se observó lesión ulcerada, que medía aproximadamente 3 cm en el labio inferior izquierdo, con seudomembrana blanco-amarillenta, no supurativa, con bordes indurados, elevados y mal delimitados. Se tomó una biopsia de la lesión y se prescribieron altas dosis de prednisolona, pero sin éxito. Durante el seguimiento, lesiones eritematosas en "tiro al blanco" aparecieron en la región palmar y el estudio histopatológico reveló queilitis liquenoide ulcerada. Los exámenes hematológicos confirmaron positividad para sífilis en la prueba VDRL. El tratamiento fue penicilina G benzatínica por tres semanas. Conclusiones: En el presente caso la lesión sifilítica tenía características clínicas comunes a otras enfermedades. Por lo tanto, los dentistas deben conocer sus manifestaciones clínicas, que ayudarían en el diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos(AU)

Retrospective study of the concordance between clinical and histopathological diagnosis in oral pathology / Estudio retrospectivo de la concordancia entre diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico en patología oral

Objectives: Evaluate the agreement between the clinical and histopathological diagnosis of oral lesions in patients submitted to biopsies. Identify the most frequent oral lesions and their correlation with age, gender, and anatomical location. Methods: A retrospective study of 368 pathological examinations collected between 2008 and 2018, corresponding to biopsies performed at the Clínica Universitária Egas Moniz. A detailed analysis of the histopathological reports attached to the patients' files was made and the variables gender, age, anatomical site, clinical diagnosis, and histopathological diagnosis was evaluated. Results: The most affected gender was female (55%); the most common age group was 61-70 years old; The most biopsied anatomical location was the gum (23.9%); the five most common pathological entities were fibroma(26.4%),root cyst(8.7%),oral lichen planus(7.6%), hemangioma (6.3%) and oral leukoplakia (6.0%). On agreement, 74.5% of the cases were concordant and 25.5% discordant. The most concordant lesions were Radicular Cyst (90.6%), Traumatic Injury (87.5%), Hemangioma (82.6%), Fibroma (82.5%) and Mucocele (82.5%). Conclusion: this study proves a significant level of agreement between clinical and histopathological diagnosis in this particular area, consistently obtained in a ten years period of time.

Objetivos: Evaluar el nivel de acuerdo entre el diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de lesiones orales en pacientes sometidos a biopsias. Identificar las lesiones orales más frecuentes y su correlación con la edad, el sexo y la ubicación anatómica. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de 368 exámenes patológicos recogidos entre 2008 y 2018, correspondientes a biopsias realizadas en la Clínica Universitária Egas Moniz. Se realizó un análisis detallado de los informes histopatológicos adjuntos a los archivos de los pacientes y se evaluaron las variables de género, edad, sitio anatómico, diagnóstico clínico y diagnóstico histopatológico. Resultados: El género más afectado fue femenino (55%); el grupo de edad más común fue de 61-70 años; La ubicación anatómica más biopsiada fue la encía (23,9%); las cinco entidades patológicas más comunes fueron fibroma (26,4%), quiste radicular (8,7%), liquen plano oral (7,6%), hemangioma (6,3%) y leucoplasia oral (6,0%). Según el grado de acuerdo, el 74,5% de los casos fueron concordantes y el 25,5% discordantes. Las lesiones más concordantes fueron Quiste Radicular (90,6%), Lesión Traumática (87,5%), Hemangioma (82,6%), Fibroma (82,5%) y Mucocele (82,5%). Conclusión: este estudio demuestra un nivel significativo de acuerdo entre el diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico en esta área en particular, obtenido consistentemente en un período de diez años de tiempo

Association between levels of sports participation and oral injuries among combat athletes / Associação entre níveis de participação no esporte e lesões orais em atletas de combate / Asociación entre niveles de participación en el deporte y lesiones orales en atletas de combate

ABSTRACT Introduction Oral injuries are common traumas in combat sports due to the aggressive nature of both offense and defense. Sports mouth guards are made to reduce the risk of traumatic face and jaw injuries and concussions during sports activities. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral injuries in combat sports and to examine the association between participation levels and percentage of injury occurrence. Methods One hundred and eight participants (mean age: 22.42 ± 2.162 years) who were involved in sparring events were recruited. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of 22 questions about the demographic profile of the athletes, their injury experience and type of injuries sustained, awareness and use of mouth guards in sports activities. Descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied for data analysis. Results Almost 77% of participants had experienced oral injuries during sports activities and nearly 90% were aware that oral injuries can be reduced by using mouth guards. In addition, 52.7% of participants complained that the mouth guard is not comfortable to use during sports activities. Findings revealed a significant moderate association between levels of participation and number of oral injuries ( p = 0.013). One-way ANOVA showed a significant mean difference in the rate of oral injury for the four levels of participation groups F (3, 104) = 6.21, p = 0.011. Post-hoc comparisons using the Bonferroni test indicated a significant mean difference between university-state levels ( p = 0.033) and university-national levels ( p = 0.028). Conclusion This study revealed that higher levels of participation in sports have a higher risk of injury. It was also found that the discomfort of using a mouth guard can be reduced if the coaches make the athletes wear proper mouth guards that follow the recommended specifications. Level of evidence IIIb; Case control study.

RESUMO Introdução As lesões orais são traumas comuns nos esportes de combate, devido à natureza agressiva tanto do ataque quanto da defesa. Os protetores bucais esportivos são feitos para diminuir o risco de lesões traumáticas na face e na mandíbula; e também de concussão durante as atividades esportivas. Objetivo Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência de lesões orais em esportes de combate e examinar a associação entre níveis de participação e a porcentagem de ocorrência de lesões. Métodos Foram recrutados cento e oito participantes (média de idade: 22,42 ± 2,162 anos) envolvidos em eventos de combate. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário composto por 22 perguntas sobre o perfil demográfico dos atletas, sua experiência com lesões e tipo de lesões sofridas, conhecimento e uso de protetores bucais em atividades esportivas. A análise descritiva, o teste do qui-quadrado e a análise de variância (ANOVA) foram aplicados para análise dos dados. Resultados Quase 77% dos participantes sofreram lesões orais durante atividades esportivas e quase 90% estavam cientes de que as lesões orais podem ser reduzidas com o uso de protetores bucais. Além disso, 52,7% dos participantes reclamaram que o protetor bucal não é confortável para uso durante as atividades esportivas. Os achados revelaram associação moderada significativa entre níveis de participação e número de lesões orais (p = 0,013). A ANOVA unilateral mostrou uma diferença média significativa na taxa de lesão oral nos quatro níveis dos grupos de participação F (3, 104) = 6,21, p = 0,011. As comparações post-hoc usando o teste de Bonferroni indicaram diferença média significativa entre os níveis universitário-estadual (p = 0,033) e os níveis universitário-nacional (p = 0,028). Conclusão Este estudo revelou que níveis mais altos de participação no esporte representam maior risco de lesões. Verificou-se também que a sensação de desconforto ao usar protetor bucal pode ser reduzida se os treinadores fizerem com que os atletas usem protetores bucais adequados, que sigam as especificações recomendadas. Nível de evidência IIIb; Estudo Caso-Controle .

RESUMEN Introducción Las lesiones orales son traumas comunes en los deportes de combate, debido a la naturaleza agresiva tanto del ataque como de la defensa. Los protectores bucales deportivos son hechos para disminuir el riesgo de lesiones traumáticas en el rostro y en la mandíbula; y también de concusión en las actividades deportivas. Objetivo Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de lesiones orales en deportes de combate y examinar la asociación entre los niveles de participación y el porcentaje de ocurrencia de lesiones. Métodos Fueron reclutados ciento ocho participantes (promedio de edad: 22,42 ± 2,162 años) involucrados en eventos de combate. Los datos fueron colectados a través de un cuestionario compuesto por 22 preguntas sobre el perfil demográfico de los atletas, su experiencia con lesiones y tipo de lesiones sufridas, conocimiento y uso de protectores bucales en actividades deportivas. El análisis descriptivo, el test de chi-cuadrado y el análisis de varianza (ANOVA) fueron aplicados para el análisis de los datos. Resultados Casi 77% de los participantes sufrió lesiones orales durante las actividades deportivas y casi 90% tenía conocimiento de que las lesiones orales pueden ser reducidas con el uso de protectores bucales. Además, 51,7% de los participantes reclamaron que el protector bucal no es confortable para uso durante las actividades deportivas. Los hallazgos revelaron asociación moderada significativa entre niveles de participación y número de lesiones orales (p = 0,013). El ANOVA unidireccional mostró una diferencia promedio significativa en la tasa de lesión oral en los cuatro niveles de grupos de participación F (3,104) = 6,21, p = 0,011. Las comparaciones post hoc usando el test de Bonferroni indicaron una diferencia promedio significativa entre los niveles universitario-estatal (p = 0,033) y los niveles universitario-nacional (p = 0,028). Conclusión Este estudio reveló que niveles más altos de participación en el deporte representan mayor riesgo de lesiones. Se verificó también que la sensación de incomodidad al usar protectores bucales adecuados puede reducirse si los entrenadores hacen con que los atletas usen protectores bucales adecuados, que sigan las especificaciones recomendadas. Nivel de evidencia IIIb; Estudio Caso-Control.

Evolución del estudio de las manifestaciones bucomaxilofaciales del lupus eritematoso sistémico / Evolution of the study of bucomaxilofacial manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

El lupus eritematoso sistémico provoca manifestaciones bucomaxilofaciales. Debido a su variabilidad, se torna complejo para el odontólogo evaluar a los pacientes que lo padecen, además de la escasa evidencia científica en cuanto al manejo en la cavidad bucal, que hacen difícil su identificación y diagnóstico. El propósito de la presente investigación es caracterizar la evolución histórica del estudio de las lesiones bucomaxilofaciales del lupus eritematoso sistémico, mediante una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica y el empleo de descriptores en inglés y español. Esta enfermedad tiene consecuencias en la cavidad bucal, pero las lesiones pueden presentarse asintomáticas, por lo que el diagnóstico depende de identificar las lesiones. El estudio de las manifestaciones bucomaxilofaciales en esta enfermedad ha venido evolucionando lentamente con el transcurso del tiempo, pero aún no es suficiente, a pesar de los adelantos de la ciencia y la técnica(AU)

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in its development causes bucomaxilofacial manifestations. Given its variability, it becomes complex for the dentist when evaluating patients who suffer from it, due to the poor synthesis of evidence, based on its management in the oral cavity, from its identification and diagnosis. This led to the realization of this research, with the purpose of characterizing the historical evolution of the study process on bucomaxilofacial lesions, through an exhaustive literature review using different descriptors in English and Spanish. As a result, it was observed that this disease has consequences in the oral cavity, the lesions may appear asymptomatic and their presence is decisive for the diagnosis. Concluding that the study of bucomaxilofacial manifestations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus has been evolving over time, but it is still not enough, and even more so with the advances in science and technology(AU)

A propósito del artículo Nivel de conocimiento sobre el tabaquismo y su relación con la cavidad bucal / About paper Level of knowledge about smoking and its relation with oral cavity

Al leer detenidamente el artículo Nivel de conocimiento sobre el tabaquismo y su relación con la cavidad bucal,1 pareció de gran importancia resaltar este tema, debido a la elevada tasa de fumadores en Cuba, y cada vez son más los jóvenes que se suman a esta práctica, ya sea por motivos recreativos o de otra índole. Al revisar exhaustivamente las cifras ofrecidas en el trabajo1 se hace relevante que el 83,63 % de la muestra no conociera la influencia negativa del hábito de fumar en los tejidos periodontales. Las enfermedades periodontales, no solo se encuentran entre las más frecuentes, sino que existen evidencias cada vez mayores, sobre su impacto sistémico, con importantes repercusiones orgánicas. Se estima que las enfermedades periodontales tienen algún grado de asociación con otras 54 enfermedades, algunas tan importantes como la diabetes, complicaciones del embarazo o algunas enfermedades cardiovasculares. La propia Sociedad Europea de Cardiología sitúa a la periodontitis como sexto factor de riesgo cardiovascular.2,3,4 Otra de las cifras a resaltar en la investigación,1 es el conocimiento sobre la relación con el cáncer bucal. Aunque se muestra una cifra relativamente alta, un porciento nada despreciable de personas aún no conocen esta relación. Los tumores de cavidad bucal, son la principal causa de mortalidad por cáncer de cabeza y cuello (localizaciones C00-C14) con un total de 826 fallecidos en 2018 (Cuba) con una razón de 4,7 hombres por cada mujer.5) Como antes se mencionaba, el hábito de fumar se ha extendido a una gran parte de la población y con ello ha disminuido la edad media de fumadores, se instaura un balance entre sexos, debido al aumento de mujeres fumadoras. Esta situación ha llevado a que cada vez sea más frecuente la presencia de estos tumores en menores de 60 años y con ello la edad media de fallecimiento disminuya. Solo queda expresar la satisfacción de leer el artículo1 e incentivar a más investigadores a abordar este tema como un problema de salud en la sociedad cubana. Además, se recomienda realizar estudios similares, pero con poblaciones mayores para lograr datos más consistentes, e impulsar estudios en adolescentes y jóvenes(AU)