RESUMO
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been shown to improve overall and progression-free survival in various cancers but have been associated with various immune-related adverse events (IRAEs), including interstitial lung disease, especially organizing pneumonia. We report 2 cases of isolated severe airway disease attributable to ICIs, a rarely reported pattern of lung toxicity. The first patient received nivolumab with or without ipilimumab in a randomized double-blind trial for locoregional metastatic melanoma. The second patient was treated with nivolumab for lung adenocarcinoma. An IRAE was suspected in both cases due to a temporal relationship between ICI initiation and symptom onset. ICIs were stopped, and high-dose prednisone, inhaled corticosteroids, and bronchodilators were administered, allowing a rapid clinical and functional improvement in Patient 1. In Patient 2, despite prolonged high-dose prednisone, only a stabilization of forced expiratory volume in 1 s could be achieved, and the disease course was complicated by respiratory infections resulting in further loss of lung function. The patient died 1 year later due to progression of metastatic disease. These 2 cases suggest that pulmonary IRAEs secondary to ICIs may present as isolated bronchitis or bronchiolitis, with variable outcomes following ICI withdrawal and systemic corticosteroids.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/tratamento farmacológico , Broncopatias/induzido quimicamente , Dispneia/induzido quimicamente , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Respiratória/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/secundário , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/secundário , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/cirurgia , Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Broncopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Broncopatias/fisiopatologia , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/citologia , Broncoscopia , Dispneia/tratamento farmacológico , Dispneia/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Mediastino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nivolumabe/efeitos adversos , Capacidade de Difusão Pulmonar , Insuficiência Respiratória/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Respiratória/fisiopatologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Indoor air pollution (IAP) is an emerging issue for both human and veterinary patients under the concept of 'One Health'. The association between IAP and respiratory disease in companion animals has been reported. OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated the relationship between quantifiable indoor air quality and clinical characteristics of naturally acquired bronchial/lung disease in pet dogs and cats. METHODS: A total of 36 clinical cases (20 dogs and 16 cats) with naturally acquired bronchial/lung disease were prospectively recruited. Lower airway samples were collected and analysed, and clinical signs and the information from pulmonary function testing were examined. Indoor air quality was estimated by the average concentration of particles measuring ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5, µg/m3 ) and volatile organic compounds (VOC, ppm) in the animals' domestic microenvironments. RESULTS: Exposure to IAP was not found to be correlated with the severity of clinical signs, pulmonary function changes or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology in cats with bronchial/lung disease. However, a hypercellular response in canine lower airways was found to be associated with poor indoor air quality, including unacceptable indoor PM2.5 levels (>35 µg/m3 ) or increases in VOC concentration (>1 ppm) in places most commonly frequented by the dogs in the home. CONCLUSIONS: Poor indoor air quality may exacerbate airway disease in pets and should not be ignored in modern society.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados/efeitos adversos , Broncopatias/veterinária , Doenças do Gato/induzido quimicamente , Doenças do Cão/induzido quimicamente , Pneumopatias/veterinária , Animais , Broncopatias/induzido quimicamente , Gatos , Cães , Feminino , Pneumopatias/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Animais de EstimaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There are few cases of multiple bronchial stenoses reported in the literature and none of the severity described here. The case is relevant due to its rareness, the pathophysiological insights derived, the successful interventional pulmonology strategies demonstrated, and as an example of a rare indication for high-risk lung transplantation. CASE PRESENTATION: A 47-year-old man developed multiple recurrent bronchial web-like stenoses five weeks after an episode of severe tracheo-bronchitis presumed secondary to a chemical inhalation injury which initially caused complete bilateral lung collapse necessitating veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The stenoses completely effaced bronchi in many locations causing severe type II respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation and bronchoscopic puncture / dilatation then ultimately bilateral lung transplantation. CONCLUSION: This very rare case highlights the morbid sequelae that can arise after catastrophic tracheobronchitis which now, in the era of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, may be survivable in the short-term.
Assuntos
Broncopatias/diagnóstico , Constrição Patológica/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência Respiratória/etiologia , Insuficiência Respiratória/terapia , Traqueia/patologia , Broncopatias/induzido quimicamente , Broncoscopia , Queimaduras Químicas/complicações , Queimaduras por Inalação/complicações , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Humanos , Transplante de Pulmão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiografia Torácica , Respiração Artificial , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XAssuntos
Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Broncopatias/induzido quimicamente , Calcinose/induzido quimicamente , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico por imagem , Varfarina/efeitos adversos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Brônquios/diagnóstico por imagem , Brônquios/patologia , Broncopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Broncopatias/patologia , Calcinose/diagnóstico por imagem , Calcinose/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Achados Incidentais , Radiografia , Exacerbação dos Sintomas , Traqueia/diagnóstico por imagem , Traqueia/patologiaRESUMO
Lymphoproliferative disorders can occur in patients with autoimmune disorders who undergo long-term methotrexate therapy (MTX-LPD). Although the manifestations of MTX-LPD are diverse, little attention is paid to endobronchial involvement. We herein describe two patients with MTX-LPD who presented with parenchymal pulmonary tumors and endobronchial involvement of LPD; one had lymphomatoid gramulomatosis and the other LPD. The patients had no tumors adjacent to the endobronchial lesions. The endobronchial findings included multiple protruded mucosal lesions covered with white material, which was pathologically consistent with LPD. Recognition of the findings may help in making an earlier diagnosis of MTX-LPD in appropriate settings.
Assuntos
Antirreumáticos/efeitos adversos , Broncopatias/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/induzido quimicamente , Metotrexato/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Broncopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Broncoscopia , Feminino , Humanos , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Since the start of Afghanistan combat operations in 2001, there has been an increase in complaints of respiratory illnesses in deployed soldiers with no previous history of lung disorders. It is postulated that deployment-related respiratory illnesses are the result of inhalation of desert particulate matter (PM) potentially acting in combination with exposure to other pro-inflammatory compounds. Why some, but not all, soldiers develop respiratory diseases remains unclear. Our goal was to investigate if human airway epithelial cells primed with IL-13, a type 2 inflammatory cytokine, demonstrate stronger pro-inflammatory responses to Afghanistan desert PM (APM). Primary human brushed bronchial epithelial cells from non-deployed, healthy subjects were exposed to APM, both with and without IL-13 pretreatment. APM exposure in conjunction with IL-13 resulted in significantly increased expression of IL-8, a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in neutrophil recruitment and activation. Furthermore, expression of TLR2 mRNA was increased after combined IL-13 and APM exposure. siRNA-mediated TLR2 knockdown dampened IL-8 production after exposure to APM with IL-13. APM with IL-13 treatment increased IRAK-1 (a downstream signaling molecule of TLR2 signaling) activation, while IRAK-1 knockdown effectively eliminated the IL-8 response to APM and IL-13. Our data suggest that APM exposure may promote neutrophilic inflammation in airways with a type 2 cytokine milieu.
Assuntos
Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Interleucina-13/farmacologia , Material Particulado/intoxicação , Afeganistão , Idoso , Broncopatias/induzido quimicamente , Broncopatias/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas , Células Epiteliais/imunologia , Feminino , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/metabolismo , Quinases Associadas a Receptores de Interleucina-1/metabolismo , Interleucina-13/metabolismo , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RNA Interferente Pequeno , Transdução de Sinais , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/metabolismoRESUMO
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) have become the mainstay of asthma control. They are also recommended as an add-on therapy to long-acting beta agonists and anticholinergics in moderate to severe COPD with recurrent exacerbations. Ultimately this clinical practice has led to the widespread use of ICSs, which are supported by a more favorable side effect profile than that of systemic steroids.
Assuntos
Corticosteroides/efeitos adversos , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Broncopatias/induzido quimicamente , Doenças da Traqueia/induzido quimicamente , Administração por Inalação , Corticosteroides/administração & dosagem , HumanosAssuntos
Broncopatias/induzido quimicamente , Broncoscopia , Aspiração Respiratória/patologia , Mucosa Respiratória/patologia , Nitrato de Prata/efeitos adversos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Broncopatias/etiologia , Broncopatias/patologia , Tecido de Granulação , Humanos , Laringectomia , Laringe Artificial , Masculino , Aspiração Respiratória/complicaçõesAssuntos
Brônquios/diagnóstico por imagem , Broncopatias/induzido quimicamente , Alucinógenos/efeitos adversos , Enfisema Mediastínico/diagnóstico por imagem , N-Metil-3,4-Metilenodioxianfetamina/efeitos adversos , Pneumotórax/diagnóstico por imagem , Edema Pulmonar/induzido quimicamente , Enfisema Subcutâneo/diagnóstico por imagem , Administração por Inalação , Adulto , Brônquios/patologia , Broncopatias/complicações , Broncopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Broncopatias/patologia , Cromatografia Líquida , Alucinógenos/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Masculino , Espectrometria de Massas , Enfisema Mediastínico/etiologia , N-Metil-3,4-Metilenodioxianfetamina/administração & dosagem , Necrose , Pneumotórax/etiologia , Edema Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia Torácica , Enfisema Subcutâneo/etiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
We experienced a case of life-threatening hypotension and bronchoconstriction associated with edema in a patient undergoing resection of a tumor of the right mandible following intravenous midazolam for induction of general anesthesia. We decided to postpone surgery for further examination of a possible drug-induced allergic reaction, and we rescheduled surgery for 1 week later. After administering H1 and H2 histamine antagonists, we administered a slow induction with sevoflurane in nitrous oxide and oxygen plus intravenous atropine sulfate after performing a test dose injection. We safely induced and maintained anesthesia with nitrous oxide, oxygen, and sevoflurane.
Assuntos
Anafilaxia/induzido quimicamente , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Mandibulares/cirurgia , Midazolam/efeitos adversos , Anestésicos Inalatórios/administração & dosagem , Broncopatias/induzido quimicamente , Constrição Patológica/induzido quimicamente , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/etiologia , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Feminino , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos H1/uso terapêutico , Antagonistas dos Receptores H2 da Histamina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Hipotensão/induzido quimicamente , Éteres Metílicos/administração & dosagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Óxido Nitroso/administração & dosagem , Oxigênio/administração & dosagem , SevofluranoAssuntos
Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Broncopatias/induzido quimicamente , Calcinose/induzido quimicamente , Doenças da Traqueia/induzido quimicamente , Varfarina/efeitos adversos , Broncopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Calcinose/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Doenças da Traqueia/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Aspiration of ferrous sulfate tablets is a rare and potentially serious condition that can lead to permanent airway stenosis. Diagnosis may be difficult, as presentation often includes nonspecific symptoms. Disease progression and treatment courses have been detailed in a limited number of publications. Herein, we report a case of severe bronchial stenosis that developed following aspiration of a ferrous sulfate tablet. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported attempt of laser fulguration to correct ferrous sulfate-induced bronchial stenosis.
Assuntos
Broncopatias/induzido quimicamente , Constrição Patológica/induzido quimicamente , Compostos Ferrosos/efeitos adversos , Corpos Estranhos/complicações , Aspiração Respiratória/complicações , Broncopatias/cirurgia , Constrição Patológica/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Lasers de Estado Sólido/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , ComprimidosRESUMO
A survey of 1097 workers of metallurgical enterprises showed that a chronic bronchitis is the most common bronchopulmonary disease (8,8-13,3%) in copper production workers There are much less detected chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (0.8-1.7%), asthma (0.3-0.4%), and only in copper-smelting plant workers - a toxic chemical pneumosclerosis (0.6%). Working conditions determine a higher prevalence of respiratory diseases and their development in less industrial work record in the manufacturing workers employed in electrolytic processing of copper and auxiliary shops. The conclusion about the need to improve working conditions and the use of more effective personal respiratory protection devices for copper production workers has been made.
Assuntos
Poluentes Ocupacionais do Ar/toxicidade , Cobre , Metalurgia , Doenças Profissionais/induzido quimicamente , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Doenças Respiratórias/induzido quimicamente , Adulto , Broncopatias/induzido quimicamente , Broncopatias/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Pneumopatias/induzido quimicamente , Pneumopatias/epidemiologia , Masculino , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Doenças Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Federação Russa/epidemiologia , Espirometria , Local de Trabalho/normasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Tracheobronchial calcifications are considered a rare radiologic finding in children. Our clinical experience indicates that this finding is not infrequently seen among children with prosthetic heart valves who have been treated with warfarin sodium. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that calcifications of the tracheobronchial tree are more common than previously reported in this patient population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical records and imaging studies of children who underwent cardiac valve replacement at our institution to estimate the prevalence. RESULTS: Tracheobronchial calcifications were identified on chest radiographs in 6 out of 17 children (35%), indicating that this imaging finding might be frequently overlooked. CONCLUSION: All children positive for tracheobronchial calcifications had been anticoagulated with warfarin sodium between the time of surgery and development of positive imaging findings. Our findings suggest that tracheobronchial calcifications are not uncommon in children treated with warfarin. Further investigation is necessary to determine wether there is a cause-effect relationship in these children.
Assuntos
Broncopatias/induzido quimicamente , Broncopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Calcinose/induzido quimicamente , Calcinose/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças da Traqueia/induzido quimicamente , Doenças da Traqueia/diagnóstico por imagem , Varfarina/efeitos adversos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , RadiografiaAssuntos
Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/induzido quimicamente , Broncopatias/induzido quimicamente , Constrição Patológica/induzido quimicamente , Compostos Ferrosos/efeitos adversos , Reação a Corpo Estranho/induzido quimicamente , Mucinas/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/diagnóstico por imagem , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/terapia , Broncopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Broncopatias/terapia , Broncoscopia , Constrição Patológica/diagnóstico por imagem , Constrição Patológica/terapia , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Compostos Ferrosos/administração & dosagem , Reação a Corpo Estranho/diagnóstico por imagem , Reação a Corpo Estranho/terapia , Humanos , Mucinas/administração & dosagem , Comprimidos/efeitos adversos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Epidemiological studies have established a positive correlation between human mortality and increased concentration of airborne particulate matters (PM). However, the mechanisms underlying PM related human diseases, as well as the molecules and pathways mediating the cellular response to PM, are not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the global gene expression changes in human cells exposed to PM(10) and to identify genes and pathways that may contribute to PM related adverse health effects. Human bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to PM(10) collected from Saudi Arabia for 1 or 4 days, and whole transcript expression was profiled using the GeneChip human gene 1.0 ST array. A total of 140 and 230 genes were identified that significantly changed more than 1.5 fold after PM(10) exposure for 1 or 4 days, respectively. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that different exposure durations triggered distinct pathways. Genes involved in NRF2-mediated response to oxidative stress were up-regulated after 1 day exposure. In contrast, cells exposed for 4 days exhibited significant changes in genes related to cholesterol and lipid synthesis pathways. These observed changes in cellular oxidative stress and lipid synthesis might contribute to PM related respiratory and cardiovascular disease.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/toxicidade , Brônquios/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Material Particulado/toxicidade , Brônquios/citologia , Brônquios/metabolismo , Brônquios/fisiologia , Broncopatias/induzido quimicamente , Broncopatias/genética , Broncopatias/patologia , Linhagem Celular , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/fisiologia , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Estresse Oxidativo/genética , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Tamanho da Partícula , Análise de Componente Principal , RNA/química , RNA/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Arábia SauditaRESUMO
Adverse effects of drug therapy may induce a wide variety of bronchopulmonary disorders. The spectrum of drug induced lung and bronchial diseases include simple cough, bronchial obstruction, and obstructive bronchiolitis. Lung parenchyma may be affected by alveolitis/pneumonitis or lung fibrosis. Further damage patterns are noncardiac pulmonary oedema, diffuse alveolar damage, diffuse alveolar haemorrhage, eosinophilic lung diseases, pulmonary vascular disorders as well as pleural affections. These side effects rarely have pathognomonic features. Therefore they are relevant differential diagnoses of genuine pulmonary diseases. Diagnostics is based mainly on the verification of a compatible disease pattern, exclusion of differential diagnoses, and assessment of the temporal relationship and the consequences of drug abstention. Reexposure is rarely indicated. Strict elimination of the responsible drugs is the most important therapeutic measure. Additional drug therapy, mostly with glucocorticosteroids, may be indicated.
Assuntos
Pneumopatias/induzido quimicamente , Amiodarona/efeitos adversos , Amiodarona/uso terapêutico , Antiarrítmicos/efeitos adversos , Antiarrítmicos/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Broncopatias/induzido quimicamente , Broncopatias/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Pneumopatias/diagnóstico , Edema Pulmonar/induzido quimicamente , Edema Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Fibrose Pulmonar/induzido quimicamente , Fibrose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Fatores de RiscoAssuntos
Antivirais/efeitos adversos , Broncopatias/induzido quimicamente , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Interferon-alfa/efeitos adversos , Polietilenoglicóis/efeitos adversos , Ribavirina/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Interferon alfa-2 , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas RecombinantesRESUMO
We report a case of 25-year-old woman with severe tracheobronchial necrosis caused by chlorine released from a mixture household cleaning agents. She subsequently exposed benzene while she was fixing the seats with benzene containing gum. The case was found interesting with its history, delayed diagnosis, bronchoscopic features, and fatal outcome. We presented its bronchoscopic and pathological images which has not been shown in the literature up to date.