Campos MARC21 para interoperabilidade com a base de dados LILACS / MARC21 fields for interoperability with LILACS database

Tabela de conversão de dados para fins de interoperabilidade entre formato MARC21 e Metodologia LILACS para criação de registros bibliográficos

Evaluating a historical medical book collection.

BACKGROUND: After several years of storing a large number of historical medical books that had been weeded from the general collection, the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Library and Informatics Center developed a set of evaluation criteria to determine whether the material should be kept and included in the library catalog or discarded. The purpose of this article is to share lessons learned in evaluating and processing a historical medical book collection. The authors share how we determined review criteria as well as cataloging and processing procedures. CASE PRESENTATION: Best practices for evaluating, cataloging, and processing historical library material were determined through a literature search and then reviewed and adapted for application to this project. Eight hundred sixty-two titles were selected to add to the catalog and were added to a shelving location in our offsite storage facility. CONCLUSIONS: These materials are now discoverable in the library's catalog for library users who are interested in historical research, and the materials have been processed for easy retrieval as well as preservation purposes.

Comparación de campos de LILACS Descripción Bibliográfica e Indización (LILDBI) con entidades y atributos de los Requerimientos Funcionales para Registros Bibliográficos / Comparison of LILACS fields Bibliographic Description and Indexing (LILDBI) with entities and attributes of the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records

En el presente trabajo se realiza una breve caracterización de la Metodología LILACS y los Requerimientos Funcionales para Registros Bibliográficos (FRBR). Se comparan los campos más utilizados por bibliotecarios, del progra-ma LILDBI (LILACS Descripción Bibliográfica e Indización), componente de la Metodología LILACS, con las entidades y atributos del modelo FRBR. Se esbozan además, brevemente, los beneficios potenciales de la integración de este modelo a la base de datos LILACS, para proporcionar a los usuarios finales una mejor visualización y comprensión de las inter-faces de búsqueda y recuperación de información bibliográfica

Byzantine medical manuscripts: towards a new catalogue, with a specimen for an annotated checklist of manuscripts based on an index of Diels' Catalogue.

Greek manuscripts containing medical texts were inventoried at the beginning of the 20th century by a team of philologists under the direction of Hermann Diels. The resulting catalogue, however useful it was when new and still is today, needs to be updated not only because some manuscripts have been destroyed, certain collections and single items have changed location, new shelfmark systems have been sometimes adopted and cataloguing has made substantial progress, but also because in Diels' time the concept of ancient medicine was limited, the method used in compiling data was not standardized and, in a time of manual recording and handling of information, mistakes could not be avoided. The present article is an introduction to a new catalogue of Greek medical manuscripts. In the first part, it surveys the history of the heuristic and cataloguing of Greek medical manuscripts from the 16th century forward; in the second part, it highlights the problems in Diels' catalogue and describes the genesis and methods of the new catalogue, together with the plan for its completion; and in the third part, it provides a sample of such a new catalogue, with a list of the Greek medical manuscripts in the libraries of the United Kingdom and Ireland.

Metodologia LILACS: manual de descrição bibliográfica / LILACS Methodology: manual of bibliographic description / Metodología LILACS: manual de descripción bibliográfica

Este Manual é composto, em seu corpo principal, de uma seção nomeada "Descrição dos Campos de Dados", a qual explica a definição de cada campo e o modo de preenchimento dos dados. Tem como objetivo orientar o preenchimento dos campos de dados definidos no formato LILACS. A padronização dos elementos de dados segue normas internacionalmente aceitas. Alguns elementos são padronizados segundo recomendações do AACR2 (Código de Catalogação Anglo-Americano 2ª ed.) e outros, segundo padrões da ISO (International Standard Organization). Essa padronização dos elementos de dados é que garante o controle de qualidade dos mesmos na entrada e na exportação para a base LILACS, uma das Fontes de Informação da BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) Apresenta no final vários anexos, dentre eles a "Correspondência de Campos LILACS X MARC 21", a ser utilizada pelas instituições que desejam converter suas bases de dados...(AU)

Formato MARC: um paradigma a ser quebrado! / MARC format: a paradigm to be overcome!

Meu primeiro contato com o "computador" se deu em 1973. Estava cursando o primeiro ano de Biblioteconomia e numa visita à biblioteca do Instituto de Matemática da EESCUSP, em São Carlos, conheci um catálogo composto por cartões perfurados. Completamente fora de todos os padrões que estávamos aprendendo na escola, mas muito funcional (os usuários adoravam). Em cada cartão havia somente uma linha (80 caracteres) com duas informações: entrada principal e localização. Havia uma gaveta com cartões de títulos, outra de assuntos e outra de autores. No final de cada dia, a bibliotecária inseria os novos cartões nas respectivas gavetas, em qualquer ordem e colocava todo o conteúdo da gaveta em uma máquina classificadora de cartões. A agilidade da "classificadora de cartões" na ordenação dos cartões me impressionou. Na disciplina de Documentação, ministrada pelo saudoso Prof. Alfredo Américo Hamar, fomos inteirados sobre o formato de armazenamento e intercâmbio de registros bibliográficos criado pela Biblioteca do Congresso Americano (Library of Congress). Este formato permitia armazenar em fitas magnéticas, dados bibliográficos coletados a partir de cartões ou fitas perfuradas. Os cartões eram lidos em um leitor e os dados armazenados em fita magnética. Um software formatava estes dados para impressão das fichas catalográficas, iguais àquelas que éramos obrigados a datilografar e depois intercalar manualmente no fichário. Foi meu primeiro contato com o formato (MARC - Catálogo Legível por Máquina)...(AU)

Consideraciones teóricas y prácticas para la catalogación descriptiva en la Biblioteca Médica Nacional / Theoretical and practical considerations for the descriptive cataloging in the National Medical Library

La demanda de información sobre el proceso de catalogación es una necesidad permanente entre los bibliotecarios de la red del Sistema Nacional de Salud de Cuba, tanto para el desarrollo de las funciones tradicionales de las instituciones como para enfrentarse a los nuevos retos, inherentes al web. Con el objetivo de proporcionar una versión de la sección dedicada a la catalogación en el Manual de Procedimientos concebido para la Biblioteca Médica Nacional, se realiza una descripción detallada del procedimiento documentado para este proceso según la familia de las Normas ISO-9000. El conocimiento de estas técnicas es un imperativo para el desarrollo de los sistemas de información en las condiciones actuales. Su vigencia se renueva hoy, a partir de la generalización del uso de los metadatos en Internet

Medical illustration: from caves to cyberspace.

The human body has been depicted in ancient cave-paintings, in primitively sculpted figures, and through all the ages in various forms of artistic expression. The earliest medical texts were descriptive but not illustrated. Later, as it became clear that knowledge of the human body and all its systems was essential to the practice of healing, texts were accompanied by illustrations which became an integral part of the teaching process. The illustrators included artists, whose interest was primarily artistic, but who were sometimes employed by surgeons or physicians to illustrate their texts. Occasionally, the physicians or scientists accompanied their texts with their own illustrations, and in the last century, medical illustration, in its infinite variety of techniques, has been developed as a profession in its own right. As knowledge was extended, permitted by social and cultural change, as well as by technological advances, the types of illustrations have ranged from gross anatomy through dissections showing the various organ systems, histological preparations, and radiological images, right up to the computerized digital imagery that is available today, which allows both static and dynamic two- and three-dimensional representations to be transmitted electronically across the world in a matter of seconds. The techniques used to represent medical knowledge pictorially have been as varied as the illustrators themselves, involving drawing, engraving, printing, photography, cinematography and digital processing. Each new technique has built on previous experience to broaden medical knowledge and make it accessible to an ever-widening audience. This vast accumulation of pictorial material has posed considerable problems of storage, cataloguing, retrieval, display and dissemination of the information, as well as questions of ethics, validity, manipulation and reliability. This paper traces these developments, illustrating them with representative examples drawn from the inexhaustible store of documents accumulated over more than two millennia.

Serials standards work: the next frontier.

Serials, one of the more complicated areas of library technical endeavors, has lacked the benefit of standards for a long time. Even now, with standards beginning to be available, the majority of institutions are not working within standard serials formats. A survey to determine the use of serials standards in libraries was conducted in 1988 by the American Library Association, Resources and Technical Services Division, Serials Section, Committee to Study Serials Standards. In the spring of 1988 a survey was sent to a group encompassing the Association of Research Libraries members, CONSER participants, United States Newspaper Program participants, Microform Project libraries, and some vendors and librarians who attended the Committee meetings on a regular basis. The survey questionnaire assessed the current level of serials standards awareness of librarians and vendors. Topics included the type of serials systems used, standards relevant to serials control and union listing and whether or not they are implemented, types and levels of training staff received in the application of standards, benefits of the standards, and areas where standards are most needed.

The need to standardize descriptive cataloging.

Because there are too many ways to describe a book, its presence may not be discovered in a bibliography or catalog. Standardized descriptive cataloging is needed to solve this problem and also to eliminate wasteful duplication of cataloging. The Anglo-American Cataloging Rules and the COSATI Standard disagree on choice of main entry, and the Library of Congress does not follow the AACR all of the time. But the essence of standardized cataloging is widespread availability and general acceptance of the data, regardless of principles followed. Local adaptations in standard cataloging data are necesary, but those which affect all copies of a book, not just unique features of particular copies, must be made available for use by all libraries by correction of the standard cataloging data. The national structure for communicating standard cataloging data today is mainly printed tools, but tomorrow local library terminals on-line to a shared computer data bank may provide the instantaneous access needed. The problem of getting the wider community of library users to standardize their citation practices is more difficult to solve, but hope for improvement lies in making access to standard data easier.

Convergence toward common standards in machine-readable cataloging.

The adoption of the MARC II format for the communication of bibliographic information by the three National Libraries of the U.S.A. makes it possible for those libraries to converge on the remaining necessary common standards for machine-readable cataloging. THREE LEVELS OF STANDARDS ARE IDENTIFIED: fundamental, the character set; intermediate, MARC II; and detailed, the codes for identifying data elements. The convergence on these standards implies that the National Libraries can create and operate a Joint Bibliographic Data Bank requiring standard book numbers and universal serial numbers for identifying monographs and serials and that the system will thoroughly process contributed catalog entries before adding them to the Data Bank. There is reason to hope that the use of the MARC II format will facilitate catalogers' decision processes.