Early Exercise Through Telerehabilitation After Bariatric Surgery: Is It Feasible?

PURPOSE: The feasibility of early telerehabilitation after bariatric surgery is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and perception of engaging in the online exercise protocol in patients during the first month after bariatric surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 67 patients, enrolled in a telerehabilitation program following bariatric surgery, completed a survey assessing their perception of the intensity, discomfort, and safety during exercise sessions. RESULTS: Forty percent of participants began exercising between 5 and 10 days after surgery. Seventy-one percent of patients did not experience discomfort during the first month of exercise, and those who reported discomfort mainly mentioned dizziness and abdominal pain. No significant differences were found in the presence of discomfort among different types of surgeries performed. There was a significant difference in the presence of discomfort between patients who started exercising before and after 15 days of surgery, with less discomfort reported in the group that started after 15 days. Ninety-eight percent of patients felt safe during online exercise sessions. Most participants perceived the intensity of the sessions as moderate. The most frequently mentioned benefits of exercise were increased energy, mood, and feeling more active. CONCLUSION: Telerehabilitation conducted during the first month after bariatric surgery was feasible and well tolerated by patients, providing a safe alternative for those patients who face difficulties with in-person interventions.

Efficacy of telehealth core exercises during COVID-19 after bariatric surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery (BS) is presently the most durable and effective intervention to address severe obesity. BS results in significant weight loss and body composition changes, with reductions in both fat mass and lean mass. Conequently, muscle tissue wasting and a reduction in muscle strength and endurance seem to take place. Some studies have evaluated the impact of resistance training on changes in lean body mass and muscle strength either alone or along with protein supplementation in the first year after BS. However, the effects of core stabilization training on core endurance, postural control, and aerobic capacity in patients after BS have not been evaluated. AIM: This study assessed the effect of a home telehealth core stabilization exercise program on core stability, postural control, and aerobic capacity in patients after BS. DESIGN: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Home-based exercise program. POPULATION: Patients after BS. METHODS: Fifty-four patients who underwent BS randomly assigned into study and control groups. The study group followed a telehealth supervised home core stabilization program for 8 weeks, while the control group did not receive any form of exercises. Core endurance tests, postural stability, and aerobic capacity were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks in both groups. RESULTS: No significant difference was noted between groups at baseline (P>0.05). The outcome of the group comparisons showed significant improvement in core endurance tests, postural stability, and aerobic capacity in the study group. Between groups comparision showed that the study group scores significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). However, the control group showed non-significant changes in any measured variables after eight weeks (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Eight weeks of a home-based telehealth core exercise program improves core endurance, postural stability, and aerobic capacity in patients after BS. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: The core stabilization exercise is an important rehabilitation program that should be implemented after BS. Telehealth is an alternative rehabilitation tool during the COVID -19 pandemic.

Impact of a Mobile App to Support Home Recovery of Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Perioperative patient education and engagement are critical components of care in patients undergoing bariatric surgery, given the short length of stay and the requirements to adhere to various instructions. The use of patient engagement mobile technology may promote adherence to perioperative protocols and improve care by potentially identifying complications earlier and reducing associated health care costs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We introduced a mobile app that provides bariatric patients with access to educational materials and the ability to report on their symptoms. Using the data from the app and linking the data to patient outcomes collected in the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program database, we examined the effects of the app on readmission, length of stay, visits to the emergency department (ED), and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: A total of 505 patients were enrolled in the app between July 2017 and March 2019. Among them, 396 patients who met the inclusion criteria for the study were compared with 458 patients in the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program database who were not enrolled in the app for the same study period. While the use of the app was not associated with the rates of prolonged length of stay, ED visits, and readmission, patients who completed a survey at 30 d after discharge reported that the app helped them avoid phone calls to the hospital (48.5%) and ED visits (13.0%). Furthermore, 94.8% of these patients reported that they would recommend the app to other patients undergoing the same surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Additional features, such as the ability for patients to directly communicate with the health care providers within the app, may be effective in decreasing unnecessary health care utilization.

Determinants of Cardiorespiratory Fitness After Bariatric Surgery: Insights From a Randomised Controlled Trial of a Supervised Training Program.

BACKGROUND: Severely obese patients have decreased cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and poor functional capacity. Bariatric surgery-induced weight loss improves CRF, but the determinants of this improvement are not well known. We aimed to assess the determinants of CRF before and after bariatric surgery and the impact of an exercise training program on CRF after bariatric surgery. METHODS: Fifty-eight severely obese patients (46.1 ± 6.1 kg/m2, 78% women) were randomly assigned to either an exercise group (n = 39) or usual care (n = 19). Exercise training was conducted from the 3rd to the 6th months after surgery. Anthropometric measurements, abdominal and mid-thigh computed tomographic scans, resting echocardiography, and maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed before bariatric surgery and 3 and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: Weight, fat mass, and fat-free mass were reduced significantly at 3 and 6 months, without any additive impact of exercise training in the exercise group. From 3 to 6 months, peak aerobic power (V̇O2peak) increased significantly (P < 0.0001) in both groups but more importantly in the exercise group (exercise group: from 18.6 ± 4.2 to 23.2 ± 5.7 mL/kg/min; control group: from 17.4 ± 2.3 to 19.7 ± 2.4 mL/kg/min; P value, group × time = 0.01). In the exercise group, determinants of absolute V̇O2peak (L/min) were peak exercise ventilation, oxygen pulse, and heart rate reserve (r2 = 0.92; P < 0.0001), whereas determinants of V̇O2peak indexed to body mass (mL/kg/min) were peak exercise ventilation and early-to-late filling velocity ratio (r2 = 0.70; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: A 12-week supervised training program has an additive benefit on cardiorespiratory fitness for patients who undergo bariatric surgery.

A cirurgia bariátrica como intervenção segura e eficaz para o controle de comorbidades em idosos / Bariatric surgery as a safe and effective intervention for the control of comorbidities in older adults

INTRODUÇÃO: A obesidade no idoso, além de estar associada à piora de doenças relacionadas à síndrome metabólica e a distúrbios osteoarticulares, aumenta o risco de quedas, síndrome de fragilidade, depressão e demência, com consequente perda de funcionalidade. Entre todos os tratamentos disponíveis, a cirurgia bariátrica é uma alternativa em pacientes elegíveis. OBJETIVOS: Discutir aspectos relacionados à segurança e aos benefícios da cirurgia bariátrica para o controle ou a remissão de comorbidades no idoso. METODOLOGIA: Foi realizada revisão de literatura em bases de dados utilizando os seguintes descritores: bariatric surgery and elderly or aged or older adult and comorbidities or safety. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos, estudos observacionais, estudos comparativos e revisões que avaliaram o efeito da cirurgia bariátrica no controle ou na remissão de comorbidades em idosos. RESULTADOS: Nos últimos anos, vários estudos têm demonstrado não apenas controle ou remissão de comorbidades como diabetes, hipertensão e síndrome da apneia do sono, mas também reduzida taxa de complicações, semelhante à observada em jovens. CONCLUSÕES: Com base nos resultados desses estudos, há espaço para que procedimentos de cirurgia bariátrica sejam indicados a idosos elegíveis, sem limite de idade, considerando também aspectos funcionais e de expectativa de vida.

INTRODUCTION: In addition to being associated with worsening of diseases related to metabolic syndrome and musculoskeletal disorders, obesity in older adults increases the risk of falls, frailty syndrome, depression, and dementia, with consequent functional loss. Among all treatments available, bariatric surgery is an option for eligible patients. OBJECTIVES: To discuss aspects related to the safety and benefits of bariatric surgery for the control or remission of comorbidities in older adults. METHODS: This literature review was carried out in databases, using the following keywords: bariatric surgery and elderly or aged or older adult and comorbidities or safety. We included clinical trials, observational studies, comparative studies, and reviews that evaluated the effect of bariatric surgery on the control or remission of comorbidities in older adults. RESULTS: In recent years, several studies have evidenced not only control or remission of comorbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension, and sleep apnea syndrome, but also a low rate of complications, similar to those observed in young people. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of these studies, bariatric surgical procedures can be indicated for eligible older adults, without age restriction, taking into account functional and life expectancy aspects.

Comparison of Preoperative Remission Scores and Diabetes Duration Alone as Predictors of Durable Type 2 Diabetes Remission and Risk of Diabetes Complications After Bariatric Surgery: A Post Hoc Analysis of Participants From the Swedish Obese Subjects Study.

OBJECTIVE: Bariatric surgery is associated with diabetes remission and prevention of diabetes-related complications. The ABCD, DiaRem, Ad-DiaRem, DiaBetter, and individualized metabolic surgery scores were developed to predict short- to medium-term diabetes remission after bariatric surgery. However, they have not been tested for predicting durable remission nor the risk of diabetes complications, nor compared with diabetes duration alone. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We identified 363 individuals from the surgically treated group in the prospective Swedish Obese Subjects study with preoperative type 2 diabetes and for whom data (preoperative age, BMI, C-peptide, HbA1c, oral diabetes medications, insulin use, and diabetes duration) were available for calculation of remission scores. Partial remission (after 2 and 10 years) was defined as blood glucose <6.1 mmol/L or HbA1c <6.5% (48 mmol/mol) and no diabetes medication. Information on diabetes complications (at baseline and over 15 years of follow-up) was obtained from national health registers. Discrimination was evaluated by area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs). RESULTS: For 2-year diabetes remission, AUROCs were between 0.79 and 0.88 for remission scores and 0.84 for diabetes duration alone. After 10 years, the predictive ability of scores decreased markedly (AUROCs between 0.70 and 0.76), and no score had higher predictive capacity than diabetes duration alone (AUROC = 0.73). For development of microvascular and macrovascular diabetes complications over 15 years, AUROCs for remission scores were 0.70-0.80 and 0.62-0.71, respectively, and AUROCs for diabetes duration alone were 0.77 and 0.66, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Remission scores and diabetes duration are good predictors of short-term diabetes remission. However, for durable remission and risk of complications, remission scores and diabetes duration alone have limited predictive ability.

The role of speech therapist in the patient care team for bariatric surgery / Rol del fonoaudiólogo en el equipo de atención al paciente para cirugía bariátrica

The work of the speech therapist with patients undergoing Bariatric Surgery (BS) is still little explored, although essential for the adequate preparation of the subject for surgery, as well as for his short and long term recovery. Given its importance and it's still limited performance in this scenario, the objective of this study was to verify the perception of patients about the importance and effectiveness of speech therapy both in the pre and postoperative period of BS. Questionnaires were carried out with 44 patients divided into 4 groups, according to the moment of bariatric surgery follow-up. Most of the subjects were unaware of the role of the speech therapist at the beginning of the treatment, but they considered their guidance and their presence in the team relevant during the process. The ignorance of the role of the Speech-Language Pathologist in the care of bariatric patients is related to the incipient participation of Speech-Language Pathologists in this scenario. The positive impact of speech therapy guidelines in the preoperative period improves quality of life, provides information and clarifies subjects' doubts and fears, enhancing results and minimizing postoperative problems. The professional's guidance in relation to the aspects experienced in the patients' daily lives implies a consensus on the importance of the participation of the Speech Therapist during the process of monitoring the BS. Patients' perception of the importance of the guidelines received by the Speech-Language Pathologist was well-known, as well as their necessary participation in the multidisciplinary team. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of speech therapy both in the pre and in the short and long term postoperative period.

La labor del fonoaudiólogo con pacientes sometidos a Cirugía Bariátrica (CB) es aún poco explorada, aunque fundamental para la adecuada preparación del sujeto para la cirugía, así como para su recuperación a corto y largo plazo. Dada su importancia y su aún limitado desempeño en este escenario, el objetivo de este estudio fue verificar la percepción de los pacientes sobre la importancia y efectividad de la logopedia tanto en el período pre como postoperatorio de CB. Se realizaron cuestionarios con 44 pacientes divididos en 4 grupos, según el momento del seguimiento de la cirugía bariátrica. Resultados: La mayoría de los sujetos desconocían el rol del fonoaudiólogo al inicio del tratamiento, pero consideraron relevante su orientación y presencia en el equipo durante el proceso. El desconocimiento del papel del fonoaudiólogo en la atención de los pacientes bariátricos se relaciona con la incipiente participación de los fonoaudiólogos en este escenario. El impacto positivo de las pautas de fonoaudiología en el período preoperatorio mejora la calidad de vida, brinda información y aclara las dudas y temores de los sujetos, potenciando los resultados y minimizando los problemas postoperatorios. La orientación del profesional en relación con los aspectos vividos en la vida diaria de los pacientes implica un consenso sobre la importancia de la participación del fonoaudiólogo durante el proceso de seguimiento de CB. Es conocida la percepción de los pacientes sobre la importancia de las guías recibidas por el fonoaudiólogo, así como su necesaria participación en el equipo multidisciplinario. Los resultados demostraron la eficacia de la fonoaudiología tanto en el pre como en el postoperatorio a corto y largo plazo.

Diet approach before and after bariatric surgery.

Bariatric surgery (BS) is today the most effective therapy for inducing long-term weight loss and for reducing comorbidity burden and mortality in patients with severe obesity. On the other hand, BS may be associated to new clinical problems, complications and side effects, in particular in the nutritional domain. Therefore, the nutritional management of the bariatric patients requires specific nutritional skills. In this paper, a brief overview of the nutritional management of the bariatric patients will be provided from pre-operative to post-operative phase. Patients with severe obesity often display micronutrient deficiencies when compared to normal weight controls. Therefore, nutritional status should be checked in every patient and correction of deficiencies attempted before surgery. At present, evidences from randomized and retrospective studies do not support the hypothesis that pre-operative weight loss could improve weight loss after BS surgery, and the insurance-mandated policy of a preoperative weight loss as a pre-requisite for admission to surgery is not supported by medical evidence. On the contrary, some studies suggest that a modest weight loss of 5-10% in the immediate preoperative period could facilitate surgery and reduce the risk of complications. Very low calories diet (VLCD) and very low calories ketogenic diets (VLCKD) are the most frequently used methods for the induction of a pre-operative weight loss today. After surgery, nutritional counselling is recommended in order to facilitate the adaptation of the eating habits to the new gastro-intestinal physiology. Nutritional deficits may arise according to the type of bariatric procedure and they should be prevented, diagnosed and eventually treated. Finally, specific nutritional problems, like dumping syndrome and reactive hypoglycaemia, can occur and should be managed largely by nutritional manipulation. In conclusion, the nutritional management of the bariatric patients requires specific nutritional skills and the intervention of experienced nutritionists and dieticians.

Bariatric surgery: postoperative management

Adherence to consistent post-operative behavioural changes (behaviour modification for nutrition plans, physical activity and vitamin intake) can optimize obesity management and health while minimizing post-operative complications. Working in partnership, the bariatric surgical centre, the local bariatric medicine specialist, the primary care provider and the patient living with obesity need to establish and commit to a shared care model of chronic disease manage­ment for long-term follow-up. The primary care provider should refer patients with post-bariatric surgery complications back to the bariatric surgical centre, or to a local bariatric medicine specialist.

Enhanced recovery after surgery among adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has evolved over the past two decades. Originally aimed to standardize care among adults undergoing colorectal surgery, the tenets that developed have since been broadly accepted by a large number of adult surgical subspecialties, including bariatric surgery. This multidisciplinary, patient-centered approach involving optimizing pre-, intra-, and postoperative phases of care has resulted in shorter hospitalizations, fewer complications, and lower mortality rates. Recently, multiple pediatric surgery subspecialties have adopted ERAS principles and have documented similar favorable outcomes. Among adolescent bariatric patients, outcomes following the implementation of ERAS have not yet been described. We will review the history and goals of ERAS and detail pediatric surgery specific implementations. We will also review outcomes associated with ERAS within specific pediatric surgical subspecialties. Lastly, we will discuss the current ERAS protocol developed at Children's Hospital Colorado for adolescent bariatric surgery.

Physical Exercise following bariatric surgery in women with Morbid obesity: Study protocol clinical trial (SPIRIT compliant).

BACKGROUND: Severe and morbid obesity are increasing globally, particularly in women. As BMI increases, the likelihood of anovulation is higher. The primary aim of the EMOVAR clinical trial is to examine, over the short (16 weeks) and medium (12 months) term, the effects of a supervised physical exercise program (focused primarily on aerobic and resistance training) on ovarian function in women with severe/morbid obesity who have undergone bariatric surgery. Secondary objectives are to examine the effects of the intervention on chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, arterial stiffness, physical fitness, and health-related quality of life. METHODS: This is a randomized controlled trial in which ∼40 female bariatric surgery patients, aged between 18 and 45 years old, will be included. Participants assigned to the experimental group will perform a total of 48 sessions of supervised concurrent (strength and aerobic) training (3 sessions/week, 60 min/session) spread over 16 weeks. Patients assigned to the control group will receive lifestyle recommendations. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, week 16 (i.e., after the exercise intervention) and 12 months after surgery. The primary outcome is ovarian function using the Sex-Hormone Binding Globuline, measured in serum. Secondary outcomes are serum levels of anti-mullerian hormone, TSH, T4, FSH, LH, estradiol, prolactine, and free androgen index, as well as oocyte count, the diameters of both ovaries, endometrial thickness, and uterine arterial pulsatility index (obtained from a transvaginal ultrasound), the duration of menstrual bleeding and menstrual cycle duration (obtained by personal interview) and hirsutism (Ferriman Gallwey Scale). Other secondary outcomes include serum markers of chronic inflammation and insulin resistance (i.e., C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, leptin, glomerular sedimentation rate, glucose, insulin and the HOMA-IR), arterial stiffness, systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure, body composition, and total weight loss. Physical fitness (including cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and flexibility), health-related quality of life (SF-36 v2) and sexual function (Female Sexual Function Index) will also be measured. DISCUSSION: This study will provide, for the first time, relevant information on the effects of exercise training on ovarian function and underlying mechanisms in severe/morbid obese women following bariatric surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN27697878).

Improvement in arterial stiffness (pOpmètre®) after bariatric surgery. Results from a prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Arterial stiffness (AS) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk, and could be used as a surrogate marker of improvement in cardiovascular risk following bariatric surgery. The aim of this study was to compare AS before and after surgery. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-four patients undergoing bariatric surgery between May 2016 and January 2019 were prospectively included. AS was measured on pulse wave velocity (PWV) with the pOpmètre® device pre- and postoperatively. The main endpoint was change in PWV between baseline and 3 months post-surgery. RESULTS: Overall, mean PWV was 6.87m/s preoperatively and 6.71m/s at 3 months (P=0.7148). Patients with pathologic PWV (>2 standard deviations from expected value for age) showed significant improvement at 3 months (31 patients; 10.1m/s preoperatively vs 7.5m/s at 3 months; P=0.007). These results did not correlate with improvement in other clinical or biological parameters following surgery (excess weight loss, mean blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, waist circumference, body composition). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that pathological arterial stiffness may resolve following bariatric surgery independently of the other factors influencing cardiovascular risk in obesity.

Fatores associados à saúde sexual em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica / Factores asociados con la salud sexual de pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica / Factors associated with sexual health in patients subjected to bariatric surgery

RESUMO Objetivo: investigar os fatores associados à saúde sexual de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. Métodos: trata-se de uma coorte realizada com 387 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica entre os anos de 2012 e 2014, em um hospital geral e privado de Minas Gerais. As informações foram coletadas por meio dos prontuários eletrônicos e do telefone. Resultados: mulheres (87,60%); cor (autodeclarada) parda (49,84%); com escolaridade de 11 a 14 anos (32,57%); convivia com companheiro (69,06%); e renda média de um a três salários mínimos por domicílio (54,79%). Mediana de idade foi de 36 anos (IQ=30-43). Ao analisar a melhora no desempenho sexual após o procedimento cirúrgico, 214 (71,33%) dos pacientes ressaltaram melhora nesse aspecto. Destes, 32 (14,95%) eram do sexo masculino e 182 (85,04%) eram do sexo feminino. Fatores sociodemográficos no cenário estudado, exceto idade em sexo masculino, não mostraram diferença estatística na melhoria do desempenho sexual após a cirurgia bariátrica. Conclusão: o tratamento cirúrgico pode ter impacto positivo na vida sexual do paciente e esses resultados podem alertar as instituições de saúde para otimizar sua assistência. Assim, profissionais de saúde, especialmente os enfermeiros, exercem papel fundamental na compreensão de quais são fatores são associados à melhoria da vida sexual dos pacientes, permitindo a prevenção de queixas e medidas efetivas de intervenção.

RESUMEN Objetivo: investigar los factores asociados con la salud sexual de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica. Métodos: estudio de cohorte realizado con 387 pacientes que sometidos a cirugía bariátrica entre 2012 y 2014, en un hospital general privado del estado de Minas Gerais. La información se recogió a través de registros médicos electrónicos y de llamadas telefónicas. Resultados: mujeres (87,60%); color de piel (autodeclarada) parda (49.84%); con escolaridad de 11 a 14 años (32.57%); en pareja (69.06%); e ingresos promedio de uno a tres salarios mínimos por domicilio (54.79%), edad promedio de 36 años (coeficiente intelectual = 30-43). Al analizar la mejora en el rendimiento sexual después del procedimiento quirúrgico, 214 (71,33%) de los pacientes confirmaron haber mejorado.Entre ellos, 32 (14.95%) eran hombres y 182 (85.04%) mujeres. Los factores sociodemográficos en el escenario estudiado, excepto la edad en los hombres, no mostraron diferencias estadísticas en la mejora del rendimiento sexual después de la cirugía bariátrica. Conclusión: el tratamiento quirúrgico puede generar un impacto positivo en la vida sexual del paciente lo cual puede hacer notar a las instituciones de salud la importancia de optimar su asistencia. Los profesionales de la salud, sobre todo los enfermeros, desempeñan un rol fundamental en la comprensión de los factores asociados con la mejora de la vida sexual de los pacientes, permitiendo la prevención de quejas y medidas de intervención efectivas.

ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate the factors associated with the sexual health of patients subjected to bariatric surgery. Methods: this is a cohort performed with 387 patients who were subjected to bariatric surgery between the years 2012 and 2014, in a general and private hospital in Minas Gerais. The information was collected through electronic medical records and the telephone. Results: women (87.60%); brown (self-declared) color (49.84%); with education from 11 to 14 years (32.57%); lived with a partner (69.06%); and average income of one to three minimum wages per household (54.79%). Median age was 36 years (IQ=30-43). When analyzing the improvement in sexual performance after the surgical procedure, 214 (71.33%) of the patients highlighted improvement in this aspect. Of these, 32 (14.95%) were male and 182 (85.04%) were female. Sociodemographic factors in the studied scenario, except for age in males, showed no statistical difference in the improvement of sexual performance after bariatric surgery. Conclusion: surgical treatment can have a positive impact on the patient's sexual life and these results can alert health institutions to optimize their assistance. Thus, health professionals, especially nurses, play a fundamental role in understanding what factors are associated with improving patients' sexual lives, allowing the prevention of complaints and effective intervention measures.

Early-phase study of a telephone-based intervention to reduce weight regain among bariatric surgery patients.

OBJECTIVE: This study describes early-phase development of a behavioral intervention to reduce weight regain following bariatric surgery. We utilized the Obesity-Related Behavioral Intervention Trials model to guide intervention development and evaluation. We sought to establish recruitment, retention, and fidelity monitoring procedures; evaluate feasibility of utilizing weight from the electronic medical record (EMR) as an outcome; observe improvement in behavioral risk factors; and evaluate treatment acceptability. METHOD: The intervention comprised 4 weekly telephone calls addressing behavior change strategies for diet, physical activity, and nutrition supplement adherence and 5 biweekly calls addressing weight loss maintenance constructs. Veterans (N = 33) who received bariatric surgery 9-15 months prior consented to a 16-week, pre-post study. Self-reported outcomes were obtained by telephone at baseline and 16 weeks. Clinic weights were obtained from the EMR 6 months pre- and postconsent. Qualitative interviews were conducted at 16 weeks to evaluate treatment acceptability. We aimed to achieve a recruitment rate of ≥ 25% and retention rate of ≥ 80%, and have ≥ 50% of participants regain < 3% of their baseline weight. RESULTS: Results supported the feasibility of recruiting (48%) and retaining participants (93% provided survey data; 100% had EMR weight). Pre-post changes in weight (73% with < 3% weight regain) and physical activity (Cohen's ds 0.38 to 0.52) supported the potential for the intervention to yield clinically significant results. Intervention adherence (mean 7.8 calls of 9 received) and positive feedback from interviews supported treatment acceptability. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention should be evaluated in an adequately powered randomized controlled trial. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Physical Activity Patterns Among Individuals Before and Soon After Bariatric Surgery.

PURPOSE: Post-operative changes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) may contribute to improved weight loss and long-term weight maintenance of individuals after bariatric surgery. Patients experience minimal changes in MVPA > 6 months after surgery, but no studies have investigated early changes in physical activity after surgery. This study aims to assess MVPA changes during the rapid weight loss phase through self-reporting and objective measures. METHODS: Physical activity patterns were assessed as minutes per day spent doing MVPA. A walking cadence of ≥ 100 steps per minute defined MVPA. Individuals completing gastric bypass (N = 7) and sleeve gastrectomy (N = 17) procedures (21 females, 3 males, age 42.2 ± 12.6 years, body mass 121.8 ± 24.8 kg, BMI 44.0 ± 6.5) completed office visits at 12 ± 6 days pre- and 35 ± 10 days post-operative. Each wore an ActiGraph GT3X tri-axial accelerometer at the hip for 7 days before and again for 7 days 30.6 ± 10 days after surgery. Assessments also included a subjective question about their anticipated and perceived post-operative MVPA (scale of - 3 to 3 with 3 being much more physically active and - 3 being much less). RESULTS: Participants did not change their minutes per day of MVPA significantly (pre-operative 1.5 ± 2.1; post-operative 2.6 ± 5.6, NS). Participants predicted their post-operative physical activity level would increase (2.8 ± 0.4). The self-reported activity level on the same scale after surgery was significantly less than predicted (1.9 ± 1.0, p < 0.05) but still suggested that participants thought they were more physically active. CONCLUSION: Consistent with reports > 6 months after surgery, MVPA did not increase in the early post-operative period, despite patient expectations. The early post-operative period may be a time for behavioral intervention.

Internalizing, Externalizing, and Interpersonal Components of the MMPI-2-RF in Predicting Weight Change After Bariatric Surgery.

BACKGROUND: The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) is commonly used to assess psychological factors that may adversely impact weight loss. Research is limited on the specific MMPI-2-RF scales that may predict poor postoperative outcomes following bariatric surgery. The current study compared preoperative MMPI-2-RF profiles associated with postoperative weight change to novel component scores in a bariatric surgery sample. METHODS: One hundred twenty-seven patients completed a preoperative medical evaluation, a test of reading ability, and the MMPI-2-RF. Percent weight loss was obtained postoperatively at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: Principal components analysis (PCA) generated five novel subcomponents from within the internalizing, externalizing, and interpersonal substantive scales of the MMPI-2-RF. Among these components, higher externalizing and social conflict scores at baseline were predictive of less percent weight change postoperatively at 6 months. A similar trend was observed with higher insecurity scores predicting less weight loss at 6 months postoperatively. At 12-month follow-up, higher insecurity scores at baseline remained predictive of lower percentage weight loss, while social conflict trended toward significance in the same direction. Model comparisons of traditional MMPI-2-RF scales were found to be more sensitive than the novel subcomponents. Specifically, demoralization (RCd), antisocial behavior (RC4), hypomanic activation (RC9), family problems (FML), and shyness (SHY) significantly predicted weight change after surgery. CONCLUSION: Results suggested that specific problems scales were not more effectively differentiated into more sensitive and specific component scores, but demonstrated supportive evidence that the traditional MMPI-2-RF scales indicating higher degrees of behavioral dysregulation, poor self-efficacy, and lower social support predict reduced postoperative weight loss.

The Effect of Chest Physiotherapy After Bariatric Surgery on Pulmonary Functions, Functional Capacity, and Quality of Life.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chest physiotherapy (CP) applied to patients undergoing bariatric surgery on pulmonary functions, dyspnea levels, functional capacity, and quality of life. METHODS: The patients were randomized and divided into two groups each comprising 74 patients. CP and mobilization was applied to the patients in the first group, and only mobilization was applied to the patients in the second group. The treatment of the patients was started on the first postoperative day and continued until the postoperative 4th day. CP and mobilization were applied twice a day, 8 times in total. The following parameters were evaluated: arterial blood gas, oxygen saturation, respiratory function test for pulmonary functions, pulmonary artery pressure for pulmonary hypertension, Borg dyspnea score for severity of dyspnea, 6-min walk test(6MWT) for functional capacity, Nottingham Health Profile for quality of life. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 38.00 ± 7.04 years. Compared with pretreatment and posttreatment dyspnea score, 6MWT, oxygen saturation, vital capacity, tidal volume, PEF, pulmonary arterial pressure, and quality of life were significantly higher in patients who underwent CP compared with the control group(p = 0.008, 0.004, 0.005, 0.027, 0.029, 0.028, 0.007, 0.012).There was a significant improvement in all the parameters of the patients who underwent chest physiotherapy when compared with the intragroup comparisons, whereas in the control group, only 6MWT and quality of life score showed a significant improvement in the border (p = 0.037, 0.046). CONCLUSION: Postoperative CP applied to patients who had bariatric surgery showed that the patients improved their respiratory functions, regulated arterial blood gases, increased oxygen saturation, functional capacity and quality of life, and decreased dyspnea levels.

Elevated Levels of Circulating miR-92a Are Associated with Impaired Glucose Homeostasis in Patients with Obesity and Correlate with Metabolic Status After Bariatric Surgery.

INTRODUCTION: miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs, some of which are expressed in adipose tissues, are present in the circulation, and are regulated in obesity. Bariatric surgery (BS) has been proposed to lead to activation of brown adipose tissue, an effect that may be related to beneficial effects of BS on systemic metabolism. Here, we evaluated circulating levels of miR-92a and miR-99b, two miRNAs proposed as biomarkers of brown fat activity, in a cohort of patients with severe obesity before and after BS, and studied their potential relationship with BS-associated improvements in metabolic parameters. METHODS: Circulating levels of miR-92a and miR-99b were quantified in a cohort of 26 patients (age, 48 ± 10 years; BMI, 45 ± 7 kg/m2) before and 6 months after BS. Clinical parameters were determined at different time points and correlations among them were studied. RESULTS: Basal levels of miR-92a were significantly increased in patients with obesity relative to lean controls. Serum miR-92a levels were strongly reduced at 6 months after BS, reaching levels similar to those in controls. Serum miR-99b levels were unchanged in relation to both the obese condition and BS. Elevated levels of miR-92a were directly correlated with worsened glucose homeostasis parameters and poor BS outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that miR-92a is elevated in conditions of obesity, and its reduction after BS correlates with metabolic improvement. Further studies would be necessary to establish miR-92a as serum biomarker and potential predictor of the BS success in improving the metabolic status of patients with obesity.

Changes in Central 24-h Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Hemodynamics 12 Months After Bariatric Surgery: the BARIHTA Study.

BACKGROUND: Weight loss is associated to blood pressure (BP) reduction in obese patients. There is no information on central 24-h BP changes after bariatric surgery (BS). METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, we analyzed changes in 24-h BP 12 months following BS, with intermediate evaluations at 1, 3, and 6 months, in severely obese adults. The primary endpoint was aortic (central) 24-h systolic BP changes. Circadian BP patterns and hypertension resolution were also assessed. As secondary endpoints, we analyze changes in central 24-h diastolic BP as well as in all office and ambulatory peripheral BP parameters. Obese adults scheduled for BS as routine clinical care were recruited. We included 62 patients (39% with hypertension, 77% women, body mass index, 42.6 ± 5.5 kg/m2). Reduction in body weight was mean (IQR) 30.5% (26.2-34.4) 1 year after BS. Mean (95% CI) change in central 24-h systolic BP was - 3.1 mmHg (- 5.5 to - 0.7), p = 0.01 after adjustment for age, sex, and baseline hypertensive status. BP parameter changes were different between normotensives and hypertensives. Mean (95% CI) change in central 24-h systolic BP was - 5.2 mmHg (- 7.7 to - 2.7), p < 0.001, in normotensives and - 0.5 mmHg (- 5.1 to 4.0), p = 0.818, in hypertensives. There was a remission of hypertension in 48% of patients. Most patients had a reduced dipping pattern, similarly at baseline and 12 months after BS. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with severe obesity, there was a substantial central 24-h systolic BP decrease 12 months following BS. Importantly, this change was observed in those patients with normal BP at baseline. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03115502.

Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Female Sexual Function in Obese Patients: a Meta-Analysis.

We aimed to make a meta-analysis regarding the effect of bariatric surgery on female sexual function. PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched from database inception through August 2019. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they examined the effect of bariatric surgery on obese women's sexual function assessed by the Female Sexual Functioning Index (FSFI) or/and the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12). Twenty articles were included into meta-analysis. Bariatric surgery was associated with significant increase in the total FSFI score. When parameters included in the FSFI scoring system were separately evaluated, significant improvements were observed in sexual desire, sexual arousal, lubrication, orgasm, sexual satisfaction, and sexual pain. However, the PISQ-12 and FSFI scores in women with pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) were not significantly changed postoperatively. Bariatric surgery improves female sexual function in obese patients, but not in women with PFD.