Supernumerary tooth with associated dentigerous cyst in an infant. A case report and review of differential diagnosis.

This paper reviews the topic of dental structures present at birth or erupting prior to the deciduous incisor teeth. A literature review shows a prevalence of one in every 2000 live births. At this rate of occurrence it is likely that the general dental practitioner may be called upon to offer advice. This review is supported by the presentation of an unusual case of a supernumerary maxillary incisor tooth with the hallmarks of a neonatal tooth and the development of a soft tissue dentigerous cyst. The differential diagnosis of soft and hard tissue swellings in infants is also presented together with rare syndromal associations of natal and neonatal teeth.

Congenital dental disease of horses.

Equine congenital dental deformities are not limited merely to those presented here; however, the examples discussed offer the reader an appreciation for the range of severity and complexity that may be found in affected horses. The veterinarian is obligated to provide the best possible care for the patient and to relieve animal suffering. The lack of definitive evidence for heritability of many of these defects can place the veterinarian in an untenable position, particularly when presented with literature that proclaims or suggests without evidence that a particular condition is inherited. In such cases, the veterinarian is encouraged to counsel owners, citing substantiated medical information, and to recommend that owners make the decision to eliminate the affected animals' ability to reproduce.

Congenital diseases of the equine head.

Many questions concerning heritability arise when a veterinarian is asked to supervise and treat disease of congenital origin. Genetic counseling, ethics, and legality are often confronted in discussions between animal health professionals and laymen in animal industry. Guidelines have been offered as in the 1984 statement of the Judicial Council of the American Veterinary Medical Association: "Performance of surgical procedures in all species for the purpose of concealing genetic defects in animals to be shown, raced, bred, or sold as breeding animals is unethical. However, should the health or welfare of the individual patient require correction of such genetic defects, it is recommended that the patient be rendered incapable of reproduction." The Australian Veterinary Law, Ethics, Etiquette and Convention declares it fraud to alter a defect for sale purposes and unethical for a veterinarian to perform such treatments. It is permissible to correct defects causing discomfort or inconvenience, but the veterinarian is required to advise appropriate breeding counseling. Genetic counseling has progressed significantly in human medicine. This has been supported by better diagnostic methods for genetic disorders, greater acceptance of preventive measures, and extended screening programs to identify carriers of specific abnormal genes or chromosomal aberrations. Congenital diseases in veterinary medicine are constantly under investigation. The veterinary practitioner must continue to operate with an appreciation of the incomplete understanding of most of these abnormalities and act in accordance with personal ethical judgment and the guidance of the American Veterinary Medical Association when treating the affected individual animal patient.

[Anomalies of the oral cavity in Mexican neonates]. / Anomalías de la cavidad oral en neonatos mexicanos.

The results of 1,200 physical oral cavity examinations in neonates born at the National Institute of Perinatology (INPer) are reported here, finding the frequency of occurrence of inclusion cysts, natal and neonatal teeth. We found that 46% (551 neonates) of those examined had inclusion cysts, among which the Bohn nodules were the most frequent (36 cases); a case of natal teeth was found as well as 30 cases of neonatal teeth. We emphasize the importance of these findings to both the pediatrician and the dentist since they constitute a frequent motive for visits during the perinatal period.