[Immunohistochemical characteristics of solitary bone cyst].

In order to define the histogenesis of bone solitary cyst it was performed immunohistochemical study of surgical material obtained from 17 patients with the monoclonal antibodies against the following antigens: CD-31 (marker of endotheliocytes), IV type collagen (marker of blood vessel basal membrane), vimentin (marker of connective tissue) and Ki-67 (marker of mitotic cell). The results of the study showed, that solitary bone cyst shouldn't be attributed to the blood-vessel formations and because of its vimentin-positive peculiarity it has connective tissue genesis. At the same time bone cyst shouldn't be considered as tumoral process because it contains low quantity of mitotic cells' markers and the latter appears on the peripheral region of an active cyst, where the regeneration and intensive transformation of bone tissue take place. According to the above-mentioned the solitary cyst of bone should be considered as non-tumor connective-tissue pathology, histogenesis of which shouldn't be related to blood vessels.

A subset of systemic lupus erythematosus with progressive cystic bone lesions.

Clinical and serological findings of 16 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who had progressive cystic bone lesions were compared with a control group of 19 patients with SLE without radiological evidence of bone cysts. Central nervous system manifestations, synovitis, and other radiologically observed skeletal abnormalities were more prevalent in the patients with cysts than in the control group. Higher concentrations of C reactive protein, and a greater incidence of rheumatoid factor positivity were seen in the patients with cysts than in the control patients, but no other serological differences were found. It is suggested that patients with SLE with progressive cystic lesions form a subgroup of the syndrome characterised by an increased acute phase reaction.

Expression of Ia and monocyte-macrophage lineage antigens in giant cell tumor of bone and related lesions.

An immunohistochemical study of six giant cell tumors of bone and eight related lesions (aneurysmal bone cyst, fibrous histiocytoma, and giant cell tumor of tendon sheath) was performed using a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed to the Ia and monocyte-macrophage lineage antigens. In all types of lesion, osteoclastlike multinucleate giant cells were negative for both types of antigen, but a proportion of mononuclear cells gave positive reactions. While the possibility that these cells are reactive cannot be excluded, in giant cell tumor and malignant fibrous histiocytoma, their frequency and their morphologic similarity to the rest of the tissue suggest that they may be an intrinsic part of the neoplasm. This finding is consistent with the presumed fibrohistiocytic nature of these tumors.

Biological characterization of human bone tumors. VIII. Expression of HLA-DR antigens in bone tumors and tumor-like lesions.

A total of 45 cases of bone tumors and tumor-like lesions were studied in order to determine the expression of an HLA-DR antigen by the monoclonal antibody 910-D-7, and its possible correlation with histology, using the indirect immunoperoxidase method on frozen sections. The pattern of antigen expression was nearly constant for the individual cell types, though varying in intensity, and did not depend on the biological behavior of the respective lesions. No clear correlation could be established between antigen expression and cell maturation. Although the biological significance of antigen expression in these tumors is not yet understood, it is clear that here, too, the mere presence of an HLA-DR antigen cannot be interpreted as a sign of malignant transformation.

Immunocytochemical markers (endothelial and histiocytic) and ultrastructure of primary aneurysmal bone cysts.

Since the first description of an aneurysmal bone cyst in 1942, the pathogenesis of this tumor-like lesion has been controversial. Aspects of interest for elucidating the nature of this lesion include the cellular linings of the aneurysmal cavity systems as well as the character and cellular composition of the stromal septa. To clarify these features, seven aneurysmal bone cysts were studied electron microscopically and immunocytochemically with endothelial (Factor VIII-related antigen, monoclonal endothelial marker) and histiocytic (alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, lysozyme, acid phosphatase) markers. Both immunocytochemical and electron microscopic examination revealed that the aneurysmal cavernous spaces have no endothelial lining but are delimited by fibroblasts and histiocytic cell forms at varying stages of differentiation. These cell forms are also the main component of the mononuclear stroma cells of the septa between the aneurysmal cavities. From these findings it is concluded that the aneurysmal cavities are not vascular. The sinusoidal septal capillaries might play a special role in their pathogenesis. Due to the lack of basal membrane structures, rupture of the wall gives rise to erythrocyte extravasates, which can undergo secondary transformation into cysts.

Endothelium in aneurysmal bone cyst.

The surface of the large cystic spaces and dilated blood vessels in seven cases of aneurysmal bone cysts was studied. The endothelium of the blood vessels was surrounded by a layer of collagen types IV and V, and the endothelial cells contained factor VIII related antigen demonstrated by the peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique. Some blood vessels were dilated resembling small aneurysmal spaces. The visible surfaces of the aneurysmal spaces were devoid of collagen types IV and V, and of factor VIII related antigen. Ultrastructural analysis of paraffin embedded sections did not show the characteristic fine structural features of endothelium covering the aneurysmal spaces. It is concluded that the large spaces in aneurysmal bone cysts are devoid of basement membranes and endothelial cells. The absence of endothelium may explain the abundance of haemorrhages in these lesions. Immunocytochemical demonstration of endothelial antigen provides a valuable tool for the differential diagnosis between aneurysmal bone cysts and vascular tumours.

[In vitro immune response of patient lymphocytes to live autologous tumor cells]. / Immunnyi otvet in vitro limfotsitov bol'nykh na zhivye kletki autologichnoi opukholi.

In 87% of patients with malignant tumors and in 24% of patients with benign tumors there was found the in vitro immune response of lymphocytes to autologous tumor cells. Most of the autologous sera influenced the immune lymphocytes: those of malignant tumor patients usually blocked while those of benign tumor patients stimulated the immune reaction. Both the blocking and stimulating serum activities could be removed by absorption of the sera with living autologous tumor cells. Following the absorption intact sera of some patients with malignant tumors obtained the blocking capacity.

[Immunological aspects of syngenesioplastic bone transplantation in treatment of infantile bone tumors (author's transl)]. / Immunologische Aspekte syngenesioplastischer Knochentransplantation bei der Behandlung kindlicher Knochentumoren.

Bone transplantations are made often in the treatment of benign bone tumours or tumour like affections. Especially at the appropriate infantile illness the use of an autologous transplant may prove impossible. Homologous and heterologous osseous transplants are largely unsuitable, because of the induction of immunological reactions. So called syngenesioplastic transplants let expect a tolerance of the recipient organism. This is a report of the results of clinical, radiological and especially immunological follow-up-examinations of 11 patients treated from August 1974 to October 1976 with syngenesioplastic spongiosa transplantation.