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1.
Antimicrob Resist Infect Control ; 10(1): 140, 2021 10 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34620240

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Although several meta-analyses reported the impact of chlorhexidine (CHX) use in patients undergoing various types of surgery, no meta-analysis summarized the overall effectiveness of CHX specifically for cardiac surgery. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the impact of CHX on infections after cardiac surgery compared with other cleansers or antiseptics. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception up to October 2020 for potentially eligible studies: (1) population: patients who underwent cardiac surgery; (2) intervention or exposure: any type of CHX use in the treatment or exposed group; (3) outcome: number of patients with infections; (4) comparison: placebo or other antiseptic agents; (5) English. The primary outcome was surgical site infection (SSI). RESULTS: Fourteen studies were included, with 8235 and 6901 patients in the CHX and control groups. CHX was not protective against SSI (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.57-1.04, P = 0.090). CHX was protective for superficial wound infection (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.26-0.70, P = 0.001), but not with deep wound infection (P = 0.509). CHX was not protective against urinary tract of infection (P = 0.415) but was protective for bloodstream infection (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.16-0.80, P = 0.012), nosocomial infections (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.44-0.69, P < 0.001), and pneumonia (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.11-0.61, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing cardiac surgery, CHX does not protect against SSI, deep wound infection, and urinary tract infections but might protect against superficial SSI, bloodstream infection, nosocomial infections, and pneumonia.


Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/normas , Clorexidina/normas , Desinfetantes/normas , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Clorexidina/uso terapêutico , Desinfetantes/uso terapêutico , Humanos
2.
J Hosp Infect ; 111: 180-183, 2021 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33582201

RESUMO

The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is triggering a global health emergency alert. Until vaccination becomes available, a bundle of effective preventive measures is desperately needed. Recent research is indicating the relevance of aerosols in the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Thus, in this study commercially available antiseptic mouthwashes based on the active ingredients chlorhexidine digluconate and octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) were investigated regarding their efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 using the European Standard 14476. Based on the requirement of EN 14476 in which reduction of at least four decimal logarithms (≥4 log10) of viral titre is requested to state efficacy, the OCT-based formulation was found to be effective within a contact time of only 15 s against SARS-CoV-2. Based on this in-vitro data the OCT mouthwash thus constitutes an interesting candidate for future clinical studies to prove its effectiveness in a potential prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by aerosols.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos Locais/normas , Antivirais/farmacologia , Antivirais/normas , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Clorexidina/farmacologia , Clorexidina/normas , Antissépticos Bucais/normas , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/farmacologia , Humanos , Pandemias , Padrões de Referência , SARS-CoV-2
3.
J Nurs Res ; 29(1): e137, 2020 Sep 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32956135

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Alveolar osteitis (AO) may occur after molar extraction. Chlorhexidine (CHX) rinse and CHX gel are widely used to prevent AO. Although previous meta-analyses support the effectiveness of both CHX rinse and CHX gel in preventing AO, important issues regarding these two formulations have not been addressed adequately in the literature. PURPOSE: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to determine the effectiveness of CHX rinse and CHX gel in preventing AO. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized controlled trials published before June 2018. The risk ratio (RR) was used to estimate the pooled effect of AO incidence using a random-effect model. RESULTS: The RRs of AO in patients treated with 0.12% CHX rinse (RR = 0.54, 95% CI [0.41, 0.72]) and 0.2% CHX rinse (RR = 0.84, 95% CI [0.52, 1.35]) were significantly lower than in those treated with the control. Moreover, a significantly lower RR was identified in patients treated with 0.2% CHX gel (RR = 0.47, 95% CI [0.34, 0.64]) than in those treated with the control. When CHX products of different concentrations were grouped together, patients treated with CHX rinse showed an RR of AO of 0.61 (95% CI [0.48, 0.78]) and those treated with CHX gel showed an RR of AO of 0.44 (95% CI [0.43, 0.65]). On the other hand, a meta-analysis of three trials that compared CHX rinse and CHX gel directly showed a significantly lower RR of AO in patients treated with CHX rinse than in those treated with CHX gel (RR = 0.56, 95% CI [0.34, 0.96]). CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The results support the effectiveness of both CHX rinse and gel in reducing the risk of AO after molar extraction. Each formulation provides unique benefits in terms of ease of application and cost. On the basis of the results of this study, the authors recommend that CHX gel be used immediately after molar extraction because of the convenience and cost-effectiveness of this treatment and that CHX rinse be used by the patient after discharge at home in combination with appropriate health education and case management.


Assuntos
Clorexidina/normas , Assistência Odontológica/efeitos adversos , Alvéolo Seco/etiologia , Alvéolo Seco/prevenção & controle , Clorexidina/uso terapêutico , Assistência Odontológica/métodos , Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos
4.
Adv Neonatal Care ; 20(1): 38-47, 2020 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31567183

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Central-line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) contributes to significant morbidity and mortality in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Disinfection of skin is part of bundled cares aimed at prevention of CLABSI. While considered an essential component of insertion and maintenance bundles, the optimal solution to disinfect neonatal skin remains controversial. PURPOSE: The purpose of this project was to survey neonatal nurse practitioners and nursing leaders across NICUs regarding the current use of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) in term and preterm infants. METHODS: This descriptive study involved the collection of survey data to determine NICU practices related to the use of CHG in their infant population. The sample was composed of nursing directors of NICUs and neonatal nurse practitioners who completed an electronic survey via a provided link. FINDINGS/RESULTS: Chlorhexidine was reported to be used in 53 (82.81%) of the NICUs and was the primary agent used to prepare the skin for central vascular catheter insertion (53.23%) followed by povidone-iodine (45.16%), and 70% isopropyl alcohol (1.61%). Gestational age or birth weight restrictions for CHG use were reported in 43 (82.69%) NICUs. Trends in the data demonstrated nursing's role in using CHG in the NICU. Adverse events reported from CHG included burns, redness, dermatitis, and other irritations. Concerns included risk of absorption, burns, skin irritation, lack of evidence, and overall safety. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Systematic monitoring by nurse leaders is needed to identify evidence related to skin disinfection and CHG in neonates. Targeted education for nursing staff related to directed to developmental maturation of the skin, safe use of CHG, review of best evidence, rationale for usage of CHG, and potential iatrogenic effects is recommended. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH: Research is needed to evaluate the impact of educational offerings and surveillance for adverse events on CLABSI rates.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos Locais/administração & dosagem , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/normas , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/prevenção & controle , Clorexidina/administração & dosagem , Clorexidina/normas , Desinfecção/normas , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/normas , Desinfecção/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados Unidos
5.
Mikrobiyol Bul ; 46(2): 236-46, 2012 Apr.
Artigo em Turco | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22639312

RESUMO

The aims of this study were; to investigate the hand hygiene compliance of the health care workers (HCWs) during their routine patient care, to determine the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) hand colonization of the HCWs, to investigate the effect of different hand hygiene products on MRSA colonization and to evaluate the effectiveness of chromogenic agar for detecting MRSA. HCWs were investigated during their routine patient care and hand cultures were taken before and after hand wash/hygiene. Two different techniques were used to obtain the hand cultures: fingertip method (CHROMagar MRSA containing HygiSlide); and direct swab method and then inoculation to CHROMagar MRSA media. MRSA strains grown on those cultures were confirmed with conventional methods. A total of 100 HCWs (of them 61 were female; mean age: 32.7 ± 5.2 years; age range: 25-51 years) involving physicians (n= 33), nurses (n= 38) and health care assistants (n= 29), were included in the study. MRSA was detected in 39% and 11% before hand hygiene and in 13% and 6% after hand hygiene, with HygiSlide CHROMagar media and with CHROMagar in plate media, respectively. No difference were found regarding clinics, occupations, or the type of patient handling in those HCWs who were positive (n= 13) for MRSA colonization following hand hygiene, and those who were negative (n= 26). However, the type of the hand hygiene product used exhibited a statistical difference. None of the seven HCWs who used alcohol based hand rub revealed growth in the second culture while 10 of 19 (53%) HCWs who used soap and three of 13 (23%) HCWs who used chlorhexidine were still colonized with MRSA. In terms of reduction in the MRSA counts, the most effective one was the alcohol based hand rub while the soap was the least, since seven of 19 (37%) HCWs who used soap showed no reduction at all in the MRSA counts. A high ratio of hand colonization with MRSA was detected in our hospital staff (39%). It was shown that the colonization could be reduced significantly (with a rate of 66%) with hand hygiene. Alcohol based hand rub was found to be the most effective method in hand hygiene. The fingertip technique was found to be superior to inoculation to plate media for obtaining hand cultures and CHROMagar MRSA media was found to be rapid, effective and practical for detecting the MRSA hand colonization.


Assuntos
Desinfetantes/normas , Higiene das Mãos/métodos , Mãos/microbiologia , Pessoal de Saúde , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Infecções Estafilocócicas/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Clorexidina/normas , Compostos Cromogênicos/normas , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Meios de Cultura/normas , Desinfetantes/administração & dosagem , Etanol/normas , Feminino , Desinfecção das Mãos , Higiene das Mãos/normas , Humanos , Masculino , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sabões/normas , Manejo de Espécimes/métodos , Manejo de Espécimes/normas
6.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol ; 31(12): 1219-29, 2010 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20969449

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To compare use of chlorhexidine with use of iodine for preoperative skin antisepsis with respect to effectiveness in preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) and cost. METHODS: We searched the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality website, the Cochrane Library, Medline, and EMBASE up to January 2010 for eligible studies. Included studies were systematic reviews, meta-analyses, or randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing preoperative skin antisepsis with chlorhexidine and with iodine and assessing for the outcomes of SSI or positive skin culture result after application. One reviewer extracted data and assessed individual study quality, quality of evidence for each outcome, and publication bias. Meta-analyses were performed using a fixed-effects model. Using results from the meta-analysis and cost data from the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, we developed a decision analytic cost-benefit model to compare the economic value, from the hospital perspective, of antisepsis with iodine versus antisepsis with 2 preparations of chlorhexidine (ie, 4% chlorhexidine bottle and single-use applicators of a 2% chlorhexidine gluconate [CHG] and 70% isopropyl alcohol [IPA] solution), and also performed sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: Nine RCTs with a total of 3,614 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed that chlorhexidine antisepsis was associated with significantly fewer SSIs (adjusted risk ratio, 0.64 [95% confidence interval, [0.51-0.80]) and positive skin culture results (adjusted risk ratio, 0.44 [95% confidence interval, 0.35-0.56]) than was iodine antisepsis. In the cost-benefit model baseline scenario, switching from iodine to chlorhexidine resulted in a net cost savings of $16-$26 per surgical case and $349,904-$568,594 per year for the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Sensitivity analyses showed that net cost savings persisted under most circumstances. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative skin antisepsis with chlorhexidine is more effective than preoperative skin antisepsis with iodine for preventing SSI and results in cost savings.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos Locais/economia , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/normas , Clorexidina/economia , Clorexidina/normas , Iodo/economia , Iodo/normas , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , 2-Propanol/administração & dosagem , 2-Propanol/economia , 2-Propanol/normas , Clorexidina/administração & dosagem , Clorexidina/análogos & derivados , Análise Custo-Benefício , Humanos , Iodo/administração & dosagem , Razão de Chances , Pennsylvania , Soluções Farmacêuticas , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/economia , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto
7.
J Small Anim Pract ; 50(9): 458-65, 2009 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19769666

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To determine the use in practice and efficacy of different concentrations of chlorhexidine gluconate for canine pre-operative skin preparation. METHODS: Questionnaires were used to establish which antiseptics and techniques were used for patients undergoing elective neutering. In a clinical study, five different concentrations of chlorhexidine gluconate - 0 per cent (tap water, as a control) 1, 2, 3 and 4 per cent - were tested on 50 dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomies and orchidectomies. RESULTS: A variety of preparation practices occurred but only 21 per cent of the veterinary nurses surveyed were aware of the concentration and contact time they used whilst preparing animals. The clinical study revealed there was a significant difference (P<0.001) between the different concentrations used. All concentrations of chlorhexidine were significantly more effective than the control tap water. There was a tendency towards increasing efficacy as concentration increased from 1 to 4 per cent but this was not statistically significant. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The lack of significant differences in efficacy between the different concentrations of chlorhexidine gluconate means that current practices may be adequate, although if the chlorhexidine gluconate concentrations and contact times used are unknown, they may be lower than those tested here and, possibly, ineffective, especially if contact times are short.


Assuntos
Clorexidina/análogos & derivados , Fármacos Dermatológicos/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Dermatológicos/normas , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/veterinária , Análise de Variância , Técnicos em Manejo de Animais , Animais , Clorexidina/administração & dosagem , Clorexidina/normas , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Cães , Feminino , Humanos , Histerectomia/veterinária , Masculino , Orquiectomia/veterinária , Ovariectomia/veterinária , Projetos Piloto , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/veterinária , Inquéritos e Questionários , Reino Unido
8.
Rev. bras. odontol ; 66(1): 133-141, jan.-jun. 2009. ilus
Artigo em Português | LILACS, BBO - Odontologia | ID: lil-575399

RESUMO

Avaliou-se em estudos longitudinais a eficácia da clorexidina em infecções endodônticas detectadas por cultura ou reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), por meio de revisão sistemática. As estratégias de busca incluíram buscas eletrônicas (Medline, Embase, Central) e manuais, utilizando-se várias palavras-chave: chlorhexidineand (endodontic* OR endodontic* infection* OR root canal infection*). A busca apresentou 196 artigos, sendo que dos 48 estudos in vivo, sete satisfizeram os critérios de inclusão. A combinação de resultados com vistas à estruturação de uma meta-análise não foi possível em função da heterogeneidade dos estudos. O emprego da clorexidina como irrigante durante o preparo de canais radiculares infectados mostrou reduzir a microbiota endodôntica remanescente.


Assuntos
Clorexidina/normas , Enterococcus faecalis , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular/normas
10.
Pflege Z ; 61(8): 457-62, 2008 Aug.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18705182

RESUMO

Patient care in hospitals often involves insertion of a non-tunneled central venous catheter for administering drugs, intravenous solutions, or total parenteral nutrition. Every change of dressing must be carried out in an appropriate fashion in order to reduce the risk of bacterial infection. We reviewed the existent literature in order to make a listof recommended disinfectants, type of dressings and intervals between dressing changes of a central venous catheter. A comparison was drawn between the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Robert Koch-Institut (RKI) issued in 2002 with those more recently published. Our search showed that chlorhexidine gluconate (from 0.5 to 2 percent), povidone-iodine (from 5 to 10 percent) or alcohol (70 percent) are the recommended disinfecting agents. The recommended dressing is gauze or transparent steam-permeable polyurethane dressings. Intervals between dressing changes varied between once a day and once in seven days, depending on the nature of the dressing applied.


Assuntos
Bandagens , Cateterismo Venoso Central/enfermagem , Desinfetantes/administração & dosagem , 2-Propanol/administração & dosagem , Bacteriemia/enfermagem , Bacteriemia/prevenção & controle , Infecções Bacterianas/enfermagem , Infecções Bacterianas/prevenção & controle , Cateterismo Venoso Central/instrumentação , Clorexidina/administração & dosagem , Clorexidina/análogos & derivados , Clorexidina/normas , Infecção Hospitalar/enfermagem , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Desinfetantes/normas , Humanos , Curativos Oclusivos , Povidona-Iodo/administração & dosagem , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto
11.
Braz Oral Res ; 20(3): 235-40, 2006.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17119706

RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of endodontic irrigants in removing the smear layer from instrumented root canal walls using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The endodontic irrigants used were: 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); 1% NaOCl mixed to 17% EDTAC; 2% chlorhexidine gel; and Ricinus communis gel. Photomicrographs of the middle and apical thirds were evaluated with the aid of the Fotoscore - v. 2.0 software. The results indicated that the mixture of sodium hypochlorite and EDTAC completely removed the smear layer from dentinal walls. The other endodontic irrigants were not as efficient in cleansing the root canals.


Assuntos
Clorexidina/normas , Cavidade Pulpar/ultraestrutura , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular , Preparo de Canal Radicular , Camada de Esfregaço , Hipoclorito de Sódio , Clorexidina/uso terapêutico , Ácido Edético/análogos & derivados , Humanos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Ricinus , Estatísticas não Paramétricas
12.
Braz. oral res ; 20(3): 235-240, Jul.-Sept. 2006. ilus
Artigo em Inglês, Português | LILACS | ID: lil-435812

RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of endodontic irrigants in removing the smear layer from instrumented root canal walls using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The endodontic irrigants used were: 1 percent sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); 1 percent NaOCl mixed to 17 percent EDTAC; 2 percent chlorhexidine gel; and Ricinus communis gel. Photomicrographs of the middle and apical thirds were evaluated with the aid of the Fotoscore - v. 2.0 software. The results indicated that the mixture of sodium hypochlorite and EDTAC completely removed the smear layer from dentinal walls. The other endodontic irrigants were not as efficient in cleansing the root canals.


A proposta deste estudo foi avaliar, por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), a efetividade dos irrigantes endodônticos na remoção da "smear layer" das paredes dos canais radiculares instrumentados. Os irrigantes endodônticos utilizados foram: solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 1 por cento; solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 1 por cento misturado ao EDTAC a 17 por cento, gel de clorexidina a 2 por cento e gel de Ricinus communis. Fotomicrografias dos terços médio e apical foram avaliadas com o auxílio do software Fotoscore - versão 2.0. Os resultados indicaram que a mistura da solução de hipoclorito de sódio e EDTAC removeu eficientemente a "smear layer" das paredes dentinárias. Os demais irrigantes endodônticos não foram tão eficientes na limpeza dos canais.


Assuntos
Humanos , Clorexidina/normas , Cavidade Pulpar , Cavidade Pulpar/ultraestrutura , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular/normas , Preparo de Canal Radicular/instrumentação , Camada de Esfregaço , Hipoclorito de Sódio/normas , Clorexidina/uso terapêutico , Ácido Edético/análogos & derivados , Ácido Edético/normas , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Ricinus , Preparo de Canal Radicular/normas , Estatísticas não Paramétricas
13.
Br J Perioper Nurs ; 15(1): 12-4, 16-9, 2005 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15719902

RESUMO

An underpinning tenet of evidence-based practice is that all routine practices should be open to scrutiny. Questioning practice should not be limited to new, experimental procedures, but should also include examination of 'tried and trusted' techniques. Taking this perspective, the author recently contributed to a systematic review evaluating the use of antiseptics preoperatively.


Assuntos
Antissepsia/métodos , Desinfetantes/normas , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Higiene da Pele/métodos , 2-Propanol/normas , Antissepsia/normas , Clorexidina/normas , Desinfetantes/química , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Controle de Infecções/normas , Compostos de Iodo/normas , Seleção de Pacientes , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/normas , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Projetos de Pesquisa , Higiene da Pele/normas , Solventes/normas , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/etiologia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle
14.
Rev. bras. odontol ; 62(1/2): 104-106, 2005. ilus, graf
Artigo em Português | LILACS, BBO - Odontologia | ID: lil-427976

RESUMO

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar clinicamente o efeito de um enxaguatório bucal contento clorexidina (0,12%) - Noplak® Max - sobre a gengivite e placa dental bacteriana. Quarenta e cinco indivíduos apresentando gengivite moderada ou severa receberam instrução de higiene oral e foram aleatoriamente alocados em três grupos de acordo com o enxaguatório utilizado como adjunto à escovação: I) Noplac® Max; II) solução de clorexidina a 0,12%; III) placebo. Em geral, os três grupos apresentaram melhora nos parâmetros analisados, placa visível e sangramento gengival. Os pacientes do grupo II (solução de clorexidina 0,12%) apresentaram pigmentação extrínseca intensa ao final do estudo, fato este que não foi clinicamente observado nos Grupos I e III. Foi concluído que Noplak® Max é eficaz como adjunto no tratamento da gengivite, combatendo a placa bacteriana e reduzindo o sangramento gengival


Assuntos
Humanos , Clorexidina , Clorexidina/normas , Gengivite/terapia , Pigmentação , Placa Dentária/terapia , Efeito Placebo
15.
Prof Nurse ; 20(2): 41-4, 2004 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15497289

RESUMO

The options for keeping hands clean in hospital include soap; antimicrobial solutions; iodine and iodophours; and alcohol solutions and rubs. Following the recent directive for alcohol rubs to be placed at hospital bedsides, this paper considers the pros and cons of these and other hand-hygiene methods.


Assuntos
Clorexidina/análogos & derivados , Desinfetantes/normas , Desinfecção das Mãos/métodos , Sabões/normas , Soluções/normas , 2-Propanol/normas , Clorexidina/normas , Comportamento de Escolha , Guias como Assunto , Desinfecção das Mãos/normas , Humanos , Compostos de Iodo/normas , Triclosan/normas
16.
Rev. bras. odontol ; 61(3/4): 195-198, 2004. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Português | LILACS, BBO - Odontologia | ID: lil-412348

RESUMO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito imediato e residual da água e do sabão bactericida, do PVP-I degermante, do PVP-I tópico e da clorexidina na degermação das mãos de graduandos da Faesa-Vitória, em procedimentos críticos. A coleta microbiológica foi realizada antes da degermação, após a degermação e uma hora após o uso de luvas. Foi possível concluir que: houve diferença significante entre o grupo água e sabão e os demais; a lavagem das mãos com água e sabão não inibiu o crescimento de Staphylococcus sp imediatamente; o PVP-I degermante e o PVP-I tópico e a clorexidina impediram o crescimento de qualquer micro-organismo no ato de seu uso e 1 hora depois


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Anti-Infecciosos Locais , Clorexidina/normas , Desinfetantes/normas , Iodóforos/normas , Desinfecção das Mãos/normas , Povidona-Iodo/normas , Estudantes de Odontologia
18.
Afr J Med Med Sci ; 31(2): 111-4, 2002 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12518903

RESUMO

In-use testing of the disinfectants; Hibitane (5% w/v Chlorhexidinegluconate), Hibiscrub (4% w/v Chlorhexidinegluconate), Savlon (3% w/v Chlorhexidine/Cetrimide), hydrogen peroxide (6% w/v hydrogen peroxide with stabilizer) and a common household bleach Jik (3.5% w/v sodium hypochlorite), was carried out over a two-month period at a university teaching hospital in Nigeria. Contamination levels were high with 82 (63.1%) of the 130 in-use disinfectants contaminated. However, a few of the stock solutions remained sterile. One hundred and thirty-four isolates were obtained of which 120 (91%) were gram-negative with Pseudomonas species being the commonest, constituting 67.2% of all the isolates. Gram-positive organisms made up the remaining 12 (9.0%) isolates. All the Pseudomonas spp. were resistant to gentamicin, ceftazidime, nalidixic acid and perfloxacin. Contributory factors for the high contamination levels were dilution of disinfectants with tap water, inadequate care of stock solution bottles and long storage of the diluted disinfectants in the wards.


Assuntos
Biguanidas/normas , Compostos de Cetrimônio/normas , Clorexidina/análogos & derivados , Clorexidina/normas , Desinfetantes/normas , Contaminação de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais de Ensino , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/normas , Hipoclorito de Sódio/normas , Microbiologia da Água , Bacillus/isolamento & purificação , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Combinação de Medicamentos , Contaminação de Medicamentos/prevenção & controle , Armazenamento de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Enterobacter/isolamento & purificação , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Klebsiella/isolamento & purificação , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Nigéria , Proteus mirabilis/isolamento & purificação , Pseudomonas/isolamento & purificação , Fatores de Risco , Staphylococcus/isolamento & purificação , Fatores de Tempo
19.
Can Vet J ; 42(3): 199-203, 2001 Mar.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11265188

RESUMO

This study was designed to evaluate 4 preoperative skin preparations, that is, more specifically, to compare the efficacy of chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) and povidone-iodine (PI), as well as 2 hair removal techniques (clipper alone or clipper followed by razor) for preoperative skin preparation in cattle. The 4 protocols resulted in a significant decrease in the number of bacterial colony-forming units (cfu). Group 4 (clipping + shaving + CG) had a significantly lower number of preoperative cfu per gel plate compared with groups 1 (clipping + PI) and 3 (clipping + shaving + PI). Skin reaction frequency was significantly higher in groups 3 and 4 (47.8% for both protocols) than in groups 1 and 2 (clipping + PI or CG) (8.7% for both). Wound infection frequency was 4.3% (4/92) and no significant difference was observed between the 4 treatment groups. The 4 protocols tested were equivalent as to efficacy and satisfactorily decreased skin microflora. Clipping alone was shown to be preferable to clipping plus shaving as a method of hair removal in cattle, with fewer skin reactions and no more wound infections.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos Locais/normas , Bovinos/cirurgia , Clorexidina/análogos & derivados , Clorexidina/normas , Remoção de Cabelo/veterinária , Povidona-Iodo/normas , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/veterinária , Animais , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Remoção de Cabelo/métodos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/veterinária
20.
J Infus Nurs ; 24(6): 395-403, 2001.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11758265

RESUMO

The safety and efficacy of a second-generation improved antiseptic catheter impregnated with silver sulfadiazine and increased levels of chlorhexidine on its outer surface and chlorhexidine alone on its luminal surfaces was compared in vitro and in vivo to standard antiseptic catheters impregnated with these antimicrobials on their outer surfaces only. In rat and pig intravenous models, the improved antiseptic catheter was significantly more effective in resisting both outer surface and luminal colonization compared with the standard antiseptic or control catheters. There was no evidence of tissue toxicity in any group.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos Locais/normas , Cateteres de Demora/microbiologia , Cateteres de Demora/normas , Clorexidina/normas , Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis/normas , Contaminação de Equipamentos/prevenção & controle , Animais , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/efeitos adversos , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/sangue , Cateteres de Demora/efeitos adversos , Clorexidina/efeitos adversos , Clorexidina/sangue , Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis/efeitos adversos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Monitoramento de Medicamentos , Humanos , Controle de Infecções/instrumentação , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Teste de Materiais , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Segurança , Suínos
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