RESUMO
This clinical case series presents descriptions of 3 patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) who have atypical manifestations and abnormal inheritance mechanisms in terms of Gregor Mendel's laws. Although molecular genetic testing can help with disease diagnosis, it is not always conclusive. The primary need for genetic testing in atypical cases is to explain the mechanism of inflammation and to select the optimal therapy. These clinical observations demonstrate the changes in the spectrum of phenotypic manifestations of FMF in the context of the widespread introduction of molecular genetic methods.
Assuntos
Febre Familiar do Mediterrâneo , Humanos , Febre Familiar do Mediterrâneo/diagnóstico , Febre Familiar do Mediterrâneo/genética , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Testes Genéticos/métodos , Colchicina/uso terapêutico , Pirina/genética , Diagnóstico DiferencialRESUMO
Gout is inflammatory arthritis caused by monosodium urate crystal deposition in articular and non-articular structures. Acute gout flares are often monoarticular/polyarticular involving lower extremity joints characteristically involving 1st metatarsophalangeal joint. However, gout flares can also be polyarticular, involving upper extremity joints, especially in patients with multiple comorbidities and contraindications to urate-lowering therapies (ULT). Risk factors exacerbating gout flares include obesity, high alcohol and purine-rich food consumption, and the use of diuretics. Diagnosis requires synovial fluid analysis with direct visualization of monosodium urate crystals. Acute flares are managed with steroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or colchicine. Long-term management includes lifestyle modifications including a heavy emphasis on weight loss, avoidance of alcohol, purine-rich foods, and diuretics. ULT is indicated in patients with 2 or more gout flares/year, tophi, or radiographic evidence of gouty arthropathy. Although allopurinol is the first-line ULT agent, it does carry a risk of inducing severe cutaneous adverse reactions, especially in patients with chronic kidney disease and patients harboring the HLA-B*5801 allele. Other ULT agents include febuxostat and probenecid. ULT is usually titrated to achieve goal serum uric acid (SUA) levels below 6 mg/dL. However, in patients with tophi, a lower SUA target of less than 5 mg/dL should be implemented for prompt urate crystal dissolution.
Assuntos
Supressores da Gota , Gota , Humanos , Gota/diagnóstico , Gota/terapia , Gota/tratamento farmacológico , Supressores da Gota/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Risco , Ácido Úrico/sangue , Colchicina/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
In ornamental plants, artificial polyploidization has enabled the creation of new cultivars. Due to their high commercial value in the international flower market and their ornamental characteristics, such as the shape, size, color, and durability of their flower, orchids have received great attention in studies of artificial polyploidization. Here we described the protocol used for polyploid induction in Oncidium crispum, an epiphyte species native of southeastern Brazil, of great ornamental interest and widely sold in flower shops. The species stands out for having inflorescence with large flowers, brown in color with yellow spots. In addition, O. crispum has great potential for use in genetic improvement programs since the species is widely used in interspecific crosses. Closed capsules containing mature O. crispum seeds were subjected to running sterilized water for 10 min and then to a 1.5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 min. Small portions of seeds were introduced into 50 mL of water-soluble fertilizer with macro- and micronutrients (B>M) plus 0.7% agar. Explants originating from seeds previously in vitro germinated were submitted to 0.05% and 0.1% of colchicine for 4 days and 8 days. Flow cytometry and chromosome counts confirmed that the protocol successfully produced synthetic polyploid plants.
Assuntos
Orchidaceae , Sementes , Tetraploidia , Orchidaceae/genética , Orchidaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sementes/genética , Sementes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cromossomos de Plantas/genética , Germinação , Colchicina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Quite recently we discovered that copper(II) complexes with isomeric morpholine-thiosemicarbazone hybrid ligands show good cytotoxicity in cancer cells and that the molecular target responsible for this activity might be tubulin. In order to obtain better lead drug candidates, we opted to exploit the power of coordination chemistry to (i) assemble structures with globular shape to better fit the colchicine pocket and (ii) vary the metal ion. We report the synthesis and full characterization of bis-ligand cobalt(III) and iron(III) complexes with 6-morpholinomethyl-2-formylpyridine 4N-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-thiosemicarbazone (HL1), 6-morpholinomethyl-2-acetylpyridine 4N-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-thiosemicarbazone (HL2), and 6-morpholinomethyl-2-formylpyridine 4N-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (HL3), and mono-ligand nickel(II), zinc(II) and palladium(II) complexes with HL1, namely [CoIII(HL1)(L1)](NO3)2 (1), [CoIII(HL2)(L2)](NO3)2 (2), [CoIII(HL3)(L3)](NO3)2 (3), [FeIII(L2)2]NO3 (4), [FeIII(HL3)(L3)](NO3)2 (5), [NiII(L1)]Cl (6), [Zn(L1)Cl] (7) and [PdII(HL1)Cl]Cl (8). We discuss the effect of the metal identity and metal complex stoichiometry on in vitro cytotoxicity and antitubulin activity. The high antiproliferative activity of complex 4 correlated well with inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Insights into the mechanism of antiproliferative activity were supported by experimental results and molecular docking calculations.
Assuntos
Colchicina , Complexos de Coordenação , Tubulina (Proteína) , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Tubulina (Proteína)/química , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Complexos de Coordenação/farmacologia , Complexos de Coordenação/síntese química , Colchicina/química , Colchicina/metabolismo , Colchicina/farmacologia , Humanos , Moduladores de Tubulina/farmacologia , Moduladores de Tubulina/química , Moduladores de Tubulina/síntese química , Sítios de Ligação , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Polimerização , Tiossemicarbazonas/química , Tiossemicarbazonas/farmacologia , Estrutura Molecular , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Colchicine (COL) is known for its ability to inhibit the formation of intestinal chylomicrons and has been utilized as a non-surgical tool to explore drug absorption via the intestinal lymphatics. However, there is limited understanding of its pharmacokinetics and its relationship to effect and toxicity with the doses used. This study aimed to provide comprehensive COL pharmacokinetic data and correlate it with the lymphatic-blocking and toxicological effects of low-doses. Male Sprague-Dawley rats with jugular-vein cannulation (JVC) received 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg COL via oral, 0.25 mg/kg intraperitoneal, and 0.1 mg/kg intravenous routes, followed by blood and urine sampling for LC-MS/MS analysis. Effects on lipid absorption were assessed in another eight JVC rats receiving peanut oil with and without COL, followed by blood pharmacokinetic and plasma biochemistry analysis. The results revealed that COL exhibited moderate extraction ratio and high volume of distribution, with low oral bioavailability (<8%). About 20 % was recovered in the urine after parenteral dosing. Modest but significant reductions in cholesterol absorption was observed after oral doses of 0.5 mg/kg, accompanied by signs of inflammation and increased liver enzymes persisting for a week. The effect of COL on triglycerides formation was not significant. Despite its use as a non-surgical tool in rats to investigate drug absorption via the lymphatic pathway, COL demonstrated increased levels of liver function enzymes, emphasizing the need for caution and dose optimization in its utilization.
Assuntos
Disponibilidade Biológica , Quilomícrons , Colchicina , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Animais , Masculino , Colchicina/farmacocinética , Colchicina/administração & dosagem , Colchicina/toxicidade , Ratos , Quilomícrons/metabolismo , Administração Oral , Absorção Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Óleo de Amendoim/administração & dosagem , Óleo de Amendoim/farmacocinética , Óleo de Amendoim/toxicidade , ColesterolRESUMO
Colchicine, one of the oldest anti-inflammatory natural products still used clinically, inhibits NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Despite its cytotoxicity and narrow therapeutic range, colchicine continues to intrigue medicinal chemists exploring its anti-inflammatory potential. This study aimed to investigate the colchicine scaffold for its role in Alzheimer's disease by targeting neuroinflammation and cholinesterases. Molecular docking revealed that colchicine's hydrophobic trimethoxyphenyl framework can potentially bind to the peripheral anionic site of cholinesterases. Hybrid structures combining colchicine with aryl/alkyl amines were designed to bind both peripheral and catalytic sites of cholinesterases. We describe here the design, synthesis, and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of these colchicine-aryl/alkyl amine hybrids, along with their in silico interactions with the cholinesterase active site gorge. Nontoxic analogs demonstrating strong cholinesterase binding affinity were further evaluated for their anticholinesterase and antineuroinflammatory activities. The colchicine-donepezil hybrid, SBN-284 (3x), inhibited both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase as well as the NLRP3 inflammasome complex at low micromolar concentrations. It achieved this through noncompetitive inhibition, occupying the active site gorge and interacting with both peripheral and catalytic anionic sites of cholinesterases. Analog 3x was shown to cross the blood-brain barrier and exhibited no toxicity to neuronal cells, primary macrophages, or epithelial fR2 cells. These findings highlight the potential of this lead compound for further preclinical investigation as a promising anti-Alzheimer agent.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Colinesterase , Colchicina , Inflamassomos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR , Colchicina/farmacologia , Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Inibidores da Colinesterase/síntese química , Inibidores da Colinesterase/química , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/metabolismo , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Inflamassomos/metabolismo , Humanos , Camundongos , Aminas/farmacologia , Aminas/química , Donepezila/farmacologia , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Piperidinas/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is no known effective pharmacological therapy for long COVID, which is characterized by wide-ranging, multisystemic, fluctuating, or relapsing symptoms in a large proportion of survivors of acute COVID. This randomized controlled trial aims to assess the safety and efficacy of an anti-inflammatory agent colchicine, to reduce symptoms among those at high risk of developing long COVID. METHODS: This multi-centre, parallel arm, 1:1 individual randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind superiority trial will enrol 350 individuals with persistent post-COVID symptoms. Participants will be randomized to either colchicine 0.5 mg once daily (< 70 kg) or twice daily (≥ 70 kg) or matched placebo for 26 weeks and will be followed up until 52 weeks after randomization. The primary trial objective is to demonstrate the superiority of colchicine over a placebo in improving distance walked in 6 min at 52 weeks from baseline. The secondary objectives are to assess the efficacy of colchicine compared to placebo with respect to lung function, inflammatory markers, constitutional symptoms, and mental health state. In a sub-sample of 100 participants, cardiac biomarkers of myocardial injury and myocardial oedema using MRI will be compared. DISCUSSION: Persistent inflammatory response following SARS-CoV-19 is one of the postulated pathophysiological mechanisms of long COVID. Colchicine, a low-cost anti-inflammatory agent, acts via multiple inflammatory pathways and has an established safety profile. This trial will generate evidence for an important health priority that can rapidly translate into practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This clinical trial has been registered prospectively on www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov with registration CTRI/2021/11/038234 dated November 24, 2021.
Assuntos
Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Colchicina , Humanos , Colchicina/uso terapêutico , Colchicina/efeitos adversos , Método Duplo-Cego , COVID-19/complicações , SARS-CoV-2 , Síndrome de COVID-19 Pós-Aguda , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/efeitos adversos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Resultado do Tratamento , AdultoRESUMO
AIM: Thiocolchicoside (THC) is a drug under the category of BCS III. Due to its high molecular weight, it has poor oral bioavailability and low skin permeability. This study aims to find an alternative delivery method for THC that enhances its bioavailability through nasal application approach. In situ gels containing plain or liposomal THC with different combinations of Pluronic® F127 and PEG 400 were prepared. METHOD: Liposome formulations were prepared using the thin film hydration method and tested for their characterization such as for drug content, particle size, and zeta potential. In vivo pharmacokinetic parameters of formulations such as Cmax, Tmax, and AUC were tested on the rabbit model. The formulations were also scrutinized for their cell viability properties. RESULT: Formulation composition with 2% soybean phosphatidylcholine and 10 mg THC exhibited â¼94% entrapment efficiency, minimum particle size 101.32 nm, low polydispersity index 0.225 and +0.355 zeta potential. In situ liposomal dispersion containing 15% Pluronic® F127 turned into gel at nasal temperature. Cell lines were unharmed for 48 h. In situ liposomal gels showed 1.5x higher blood concentration than the control formula. CONCLUSION: In situ gels of liposomal THC formulations offer advantages over traditional nasal solutions, demonstrating comparable bioavailability to parenteral medication while also preserving the health of nasal mucosa cells.
Assuntos
Administração Intranasal , Disponibilidade Biológica , Colchicina , Géis , Lipossomos , Tamanho da Partícula , Poloxâmero , Polietilenoglicóis , Animais , Coelhos , Poloxâmero/química , Colchicina/administração & dosagem , Colchicina/análogos & derivados , Colchicina/farmacocinética , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Temperatura , Humanos , Masculino , Mucosa Nasal/metabolismo , Mucosa Nasal/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of colchicine versus placebo on reducing the risk of subsequent stroke after high risk non-cardioembolic ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack within the first three months of symptom onset (CHANCE-3). DESIGN: Multicentre, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial. SETTING: 244 hospitals in China between 11 August 2022 and 13 April 2023. PARTICIPANTS: 8343 patients aged 40 years of age or older with a minor-to-moderate ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack and a high sensitivity C-reactive protein ≥2 mg/L were enrolled. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 within 24 h of symptom onset to receive colchicine (0.5 mg twice daily on days 1-3, followed by 0.5 mg daily thereafter) or placebo for 90 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary efficacy outcome was any new stroke within 90 days after randomisation. The primary safety outcome was any serious adverse event during the treatment period. All efficacy and safety analyses were by intention to treat. RESULTS: 4176 patients were assigned to the colchicine group and 4167 were assigned to the placebo group. Stroke occurred within 90 days in 264 patients (6.3%) in the colchicine group and 270 patients (6.5%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0.98 (95% confidence interval 0.83 to 1.16); P=0.79). Any serious adverse event was observed in 91 (2.2%) patients in the colchicine group and 88 (2.1%) in the placebo group (P=0.83). CONCLUSIONS: The study did not provide evidence that low-dose colchicine could reduce the risk of subsequent stroke within 90 days as compared with placebo among patients with acute non-cardioembolic minor-to-moderate ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack and a high sensitivity C-reactive protein ≥2 mg/L. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05439356.
Assuntos
Colchicina , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório , AVC Isquêmico , Humanos , Colchicina/administração & dosagem , Colchicina/uso terapêutico , Colchicina/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Feminino , Método Duplo-Cego , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , AVC Isquêmico/tratamento farmacológico , AVC Isquêmico/prevenção & controle , Resultado do Tratamento , China , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , AdultoRESUMO
Erianin, a natural compound derived from Dendrobium, has shown significant anticancer properties against a wide range of cancer cells. Despite the identification of multiple mechanisms of action for erianin, none of these mechanisms fully account for its broad-spectrum effect. In this study, we aimed to identify the cellular target and underlying mechanism responsible for the broad-spectrum antitumor effects of erianin. We found that erianin effectively inhibited tubulin polymerization in cancer cells and purified tubulin. Through competition binding assays and X-ray crystallography, it was revealed that erianin bound to the colchicine site of ß-tubulin. Importantly, the X-ray crystal structure of the tubulin-erianin complex was solved, providing clear insight into the orientation and position of erianin in the colchicine-binding site. Erianin showed activity against paclitaxel-resistant cells, evidenced by G2/M cell cycle arrest, apoptosis-related PARP and Caspase-3 cleavage, and in vivo xenograft studies. The study concluded that erianin bound reversibly to the colchicine site of ß-tubulin, inhibited tubulin polymerization, and displayed anticancer activity against paclitaxel-resistant cells, offering valuable insights for further exploration as potential anticancer agents.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Proliferação de Células , Colchicina , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Tubulina (Proteína) , Humanos , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Tubulina (Proteína)/química , Colchicina/farmacologia , Colchicina/química , Colchicina/metabolismo , Sítios de Ligação , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Animais , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Camundongos , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Taxoides/farmacologia , Taxoides/química , Moduladores de Tubulina/farmacologia , Moduladores de Tubulina/química , Cristalografia por Raios X , Hidrocarbonetos Aromáticos com Pontes/química , Hidrocarbonetos Aromáticos com Pontes/farmacologia , Camundongos Nus , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Produtos Biológicos/química , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Bibenzilas/química , Bibenzilas/farmacologia , FenolRESUMO
In this study, we synthesized a new-generation library of colchicine derivatives via cycloaddition of colchicine utilizing position C-8 and C-12 diene system regioselectivity with aryne precursor to generate a small, focused library of derivatives. We assessed their anticancer activity against various cancer cell lines like MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453, and PC-3. Normal human embryonic kidney cell line HEK-293 was used to determine the toxicity. Among these derivatives, silicon-tethered compound B-4a demonstrated the highest potency against breast cancer cells. Subsequent mechanistic studies revealed that B-4a effectively modulates cell cycle regulatory kinases (CDK-2 and CDK-4) and their associated cyclins (cyclin-B1, cyclin-D1), inducing apoptosis. Additionally, B-4a displayed a noteworthy impact on tubulin polymerization, compared to positive control flavopiridol hydrochloride in a dose-dependent manner, and significantly disrupted the vimentin cytoskeleton, contributing to G1 arrest in breast cancer cells. Moreover, B-4a exhibited substantial anti-metastatic properties by inhibiting breast cancer cell migration and invasion. These effects are attributed to the down-regulation of major epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) factors, including vimentin and Twist-1, and the upregulation of the epithelial marker E-cadherin in an apoptosis-dependent manner.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias da Mama , Proliferação de Células , Colchicina , Quinase 2 Dependente de Ciclina , Quinase 4 Dependente de Ciclina , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Humanos , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinase 2 Dependente de Ciclina/metabolismo , Quinase 2 Dependente de Ciclina/antagonistas & inibidores , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Estrutura Molecular , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Colchicina/farmacologia , Colchicina/química , Quinase 4 Dependente de Ciclina/antagonistas & inibidores , Quinase 4 Dependente de Ciclina/metabolismo , Descoberta de Drogas , Feminino , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Reação de Cicloadição , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Colchicine binding site inhibitors (CBSIs) have attracted much attention due to their antitumor efficacies and the advantages of inhibiting angiogenesis and overcoming multidrug resistance. However, no CBSI has been currently approved for cancer treatment due to the insufficient efficacies, serious toxicities and poor pharmacokinetic properties. Design of dual-target inhibitors is becoming a potential strategy for cancer treatment to improve anticancer efficacy, decrease adverse events and overcome drug resistance. Therefore, we reviewed dual-target inhibitors of colchicine binding site (CBS), summarized the design strategies and the biological activities of these dual-target inhibitors, expecting to provide inspiration for developing novel dual inhibitors based on CBS.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Colchicina , Neoplasias , Humanos , Colchicina/metabolismo , Colchicina/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Sítios de Ligação/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Moduladores de Tubulina/química , Moduladores de Tubulina/farmacologia , Moduladores de Tubulina/uso terapêutico , Estrutura Molecular , AnimaisRESUMO
Colchicine is one of the oldest drugs in medicine. Traditionally used to treat and prevent gouty attacks, it has been introduced into cardiovascular medicine for the treatment and prevention of pericarditis, starting from the positive experience in the treatment and prevention of polyserositis in familial mediterranean fever. Colchicine is a lipophilic drug that enters the cells and is eliminated by glycoprotein P. As granulocytes are lacking in this protein, colchicine is able to concentrate in these cells, exerting a substantial anti-inflammatory action, even with low oral doses. As these cells may trigger acute cardiovascular events, colchicine has been shown to be efficacious and safe to prevent acute coronary syndromes and ischemic stroke with an efficacy comparable to more established treatments, such as antiplatelet agents and statins. On this basis, colchicine seems a promising, efficacious, well tolerated, and cheap option for the prevention of several cardiovascular events, and it may become an additional pillar in the pharmacologic treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Colchicina , Colchicina/uso terapêutico , Colchicina/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Doenças Cardiovasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Pericardite/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to validate the preventive effects of koumine (KM), a monoterpene indole alkaloid, on gouty arthritis (GA) and to explore its possible mechanisms. C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally administered KM (0.8, 2.4 or 7.2 mg/kg), colchicine (3.0 mg/kg) or sterile saline. One hour later, a monosodium urate (MSU) suspension was injected into the right hind paws of the mice to establish an acute gout model. Inflammation symptoms were evaluated at 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h, and the mechanical withdrawal threshold was evaluated at 0, 6 and 24 h. After 24 h, the mice were euthanized, and the joint tissue, kidney and blood were collected for subsequent experiments. Histological examination and antioxidant enzyme, kidney index and serum uric acid (UA) measurements were taken. The expression levels of the signalling pathway components were determined. KM effectively alleviated the symptoms of redness, swelling and pain; counteracted inflammatory cell infiltration; and increased antioxidant enzyme levels, reduced kidney index and serum UA levels through regulating UA excretion in MSU-induced mice. The expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) signalling pathway proteins and mRNA were reduced in the KM group. These results suggest that KM may be effective in alleviating GA through the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.
Assuntos
Artrite Gotosa , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , NF-kappa B , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR , Transdução de Sinais , Receptor 4 Toll-Like , Ácido Úrico , Animais , Artrite Gotosa/induzido quimicamente , Artrite Gotosa/tratamento farmacológico , Artrite Gotosa/metabolismo , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/metabolismo , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Ácido Úrico/sangue , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos , Alcaloides Indólicos/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/metabolismo , Rim/patologia , Colchicina/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Improving survival for patients diagnosed with metastatic disease and overcoming chemoresistance remain significant clinical challenges in treating breast cancer. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype characterized by a lack of therapeutically targetable receptors (ER/PR/HER2). TNBC therapy includes a combination of cytotoxic chemotherapies, including microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) like paclitaxel (taxane class) or eribulin (vinca class); however, there are currently no FDA-approved MTAs that bind to the colchicine-binding site. Approximately 70 % of patients who initially respond to paclitaxel will develop taxane resistance (TxR). We previously reported that an orally bioavailable colchicine-binding site inhibitor (CBSI), VERU-111, inhibits TNBC tumor growth and treats pre-established metastatic disease. To further improve the potency and metabolic stability of VERU-111, we created next-generation derivatives of its scaffold, including 60c. RESULTS: 60c shows improved in vitro potency compared to VERU-111 for taxane-sensitive and TxR TNBC models, and suppress TxR primary tumor growth without gross toxicity. 60c also suppressed the expansion of axillary lymph node metastases existing prior to treatment. Comparative analysis of excised organs for metastasis between 60c and VERU-111 suggested that 60c has unique anti-metastatic tropism. 60c completely suppressed metastases to the spleen and was more potent to reduce metastatic burden in the leg bones and kidney. In contrast, VERU-111 preferentially inhibited liver metastases and lung metastasis repression was similar. Together, these results position 60c as an additional promising CBSI for TNBC therapy, particularly for patients with TxR disease.
Assuntos
Colchicina , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/patologia , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/metabolismo , Humanos , Feminino , Animais , Colchicina/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sítios de Ligação , Moduladores de Tubulina/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Piridinas/farmacologia , Camundongos Nus , Camundongos , Carga Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Anti-inflammatory therapy with long-term colchicine prevented vascular recurrence in coronary disease. Unlike coronary disease, which is typically caused by atherosclerosis, ischaemic stroke is caused by diverse mechanisms including atherosclerosis and small vessel disease or is frequently due to an unknown cause. We aimed to investigate the hypothesis that long-term colchicine would reduce recurrent events after ischaemic stroke. METHODS: We did a randomised, parallel-group, open-label, blinded endpoint assessed trial comparing long-term colchicine (0·5 mg orally per day) plus guideline-based usual care with usual care only. Hospital-based patients with non-severe, non-cardioembolic ischaemic stroke or high-risk transient ischaemic attack were eligible. The primary endpoint was a composite of first fatal or non-fatal recurrent ischaemic stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, or hospitalisation (defined as an admission to an inpatient unit or a visit to an emergency department that resulted in at least a 24 h stay [or a change in calendar date if the hospital admission or discharge times were not available]) for unstable angina. The p value for significance was 0·048 to adjust for two prespecified interim analyses conducted by the data monitoring committee, for which the steering committee and trial investigators remained blinded. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02898610) and is completed. FINDINGS: 3154 patients were randomly assigned between Dec 19, 2016, and Nov 21, 2022, with the last follow-up on Jan 31, 2024. The trial finished before the anticipated number of outcomes was accrued (367 outcomes planned) due to budget constraints attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. Ten patients withdrew consent for analysis of their data, leaving 3144 patients in the intention-to-treat analysis: 1569 (colchicine and usual care) and 1575 (usual care alone). A primary endpoint occurred in 338 patients, 153 (9·8%) of 1569 patients allocated to colchicine and usual care and 185 (11·7%) of 1575 patients allocated to usual care alone (incidence rates 3·32 vs 3·92 per 100 person-years, hazard ratio 0·84; 95% CI 0·68-1·05, p=0·12). Although no between-group difference in C-reactive protein (CRP) was observed at baseline, patients treated with colchicine had lower CRP at 28 days and at 1, 2, and 3 years (p<0·05 for all timepoints). The rates of serious adverse events were similar in both groups. INTERPRETATION: Although no statistically significant benefit was observed on the primary intention-to-treat analysis, the findings provide new evidence supporting the rationale for anti-inflammatory therapy in further randomised trials. FUNDING: Health Research Board Ireland, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation), and Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Vlaanderen (Research Foundation Flanders), Belgium.