RESUMO
Background: Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is caused by low-risk human papillomavirus, and is characterized by high recurrence after treatment. The RNA modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays an important role during diverse viral infections, including high-risk HPV infection in cervical cancer. However, it is unclear whether low-risk HPV infection changes the RNA m6A methylation in CA. Methods: High-throughputm6A-sequencing was performed to profile the transcriptome-wide mRNA modifications of CA tissues infected by LR-HPVs and the paired normal tissues from CA patients. We further investigated the regulation of alternative splicing by RNA binding proteins (RBPs) with altered m6A modification and constructed a regulatory network among these RBPs, regulated alternative splicing events (RASEs) and regulated alternative splicing genes (RASGs) in CA. Results: The results show that the m6A level in CA tissues differed from that in the paired controls. Furthermore, cell cycle- and cell adhesion- associated genes with m6A modification were differentially expressed in CA tissues compared to the paired controls. In particular, seven RNA binding protein genes with specific m6A methylated sites, showed a higher or lower expression at the mRNA level in CA tissues than in the paired normal tissues. In addition, these differentially expressed RNA binding protein genes would regulate the alternative splicing pattern of apoptotic process genes in CA tissue. Conclusions: Our study reveals a sophisticated m6A modification profile in CA tissue that affects the response of host cells to HPV infection, and provides cues for the further exploration of the roles of m6A and the development of a novel treatment strategy for CA.
Assuntos
Processamento Alternativo , Condiloma Acuminado , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA , Humanos , Processamento Alternativo/genética , Condiloma Acuminado/genética , Condiloma Acuminado/virologia , Condiloma Acuminado/metabolismo , Condiloma Acuminado/patologia , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/metabolismo , Feminino , Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Adenosina/metabolismo , Metilação , Adulto , Masculino , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , Infecções por Papillomavirus/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/patologia , Metilação de RNARESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to discover the possible correlation between p16INK4A expression and the LR/HR-HPV infection in condyloma acuminate (CA) lesions. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted during January-December 2017 on 33 CA patients. The expression of p16INK4A was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The positive interpretation was carried out by scoring which score 0 was negative, score 1 was sporadic, score 2 was focal, and score 3 was diffuses. The HPV genotypes were identified by reverse line blot, and 40 genotypes of HPV detected, including HR-HPV (HPVs 16, 18, 26, 31, 33,35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 67, 68a, 68b, 69, 73, and 82) and LR-HPV (HPVs 6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44, 54, 55, 61, 62, 64, 70, 71, 72, 81, 83, 84, 87, 89, and 90). RESULTS: The expression of p16INK4A was significantly correlated with HR-HPV infection. Patients infected with HR-HPV had 0.644 times higher possibility to express p16INK4A gene compared to those infected with LR-HPV. LR-HPV genotypes detected in CA patients were HPVs 6, 11, 42, 61, 54, 81, 87, 89, and 90 and HR-HPV genotypes were HPVs 18, 26, 45, 51, 52, 67, 68B, 69, and 82. LR-HPV was found in 19/33 of patients and HR-HPV was in 14/33 of patients. The expression of p16INK4A in CA lesions was diffuse in15.2% of patients, was focal in 24.2% of patients , was sporadic in 39.4% of patients were, and was negative in 21.2% of patients . In LR-HPV group, there was no diffuse expression, focal expression was observed in 15.8%, sporadic in 47.4%, and negative in 36.8%, while in HR-HPV group, p16INK4A expression was detected in all lesions , in a way that its expression was diffuse in 35.7%, focal in 35.7%, and sporadic in 28.6%. CONCLUSION: IHC is a routine method in histopathological diagnosis, therefore the detection of p16INK4A expression by IHC can be used as a biomarker for HR-HPV infection diagnosis.
Assuntos
Condiloma Acuminado/virologia , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/metabolismo , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Condiloma Acuminado/epidemiologia , Condiloma Acuminado/metabolismo , Condiloma Acuminado/patologia , Estudos Transversais , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/genética , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Genótipo , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Parceiros Sexuais/classificação , Sexualidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Condyloma acuminata (CA) are benign anogenital warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with a high recurrence rate. Despite its high contagiousness, high recurrence rate and potential for malignant transformation, effective treatments for CA have not yet been developed. Accordingly, it is necessary to clarify the mechanisms underlying CA development. Zinc (Zn) is stably maintained in the weight of human body. Skin is the third most Zn-abundant tissue in the body. Zn is present as a divalent ion (Zn2+) in cells and does not need a redox reaction upon crossing the cellular membrane. Zn transporters (ZnTs; SLC30A) and Irt-like proteins (ZIPs; SLC39A) are involved in Zn2+ efflux and uptake, respectively. ZnT1 is one of the ZnTs, which associates with the development of HPV. However, the role of ZnT1 regulation in the CA caused by HPV infection remains unknown. A multigroup case-control study was designed to investigate the expression and significance of the ZnT1 in patients with CA infected with HPV and in normal vulva controls. ZnT1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 44 patients with CA at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University 2019-2020. Samples were analyzed by paraffin embedding and sectioning and hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining. Immunohistochemical methods detected specific, dark brown, positive staining of ZnT1 in the keratinocytes of epidermis. We verified that the expression levels of ZnT1 that interact with HPV were upregulated in the CA groups independently of genotype compared with the control group. And then we found that the HPV risk grade in CA patients has a certain correlation with ZnT1 expression. These findings showed that HPV infection upregulated the expression of ZnT1 in CA. Additionally, there were obvious differences in the expression of ZnT1 between the different HPV risk grade infection groups. The higher the HPV risk grade, the stronger the ZNT1 protein expression. This study provided new insights into the sign pathway to HPV infection.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Transporte de Cátions/metabolismo , Condiloma Acuminado/metabolismo , Adulto , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição de Risco , Regulação para Cima , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Condyloma acuminate (CA) is a communicable disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). This study aimed to study the targeting relationship between miR-34a-5p and Jagged 1 (JAG1), as well as its regulatory effect in HPV-infected cells. Human keratinocyte HaCaT cells were infected with HPV16E6, and CA tissues were collected. The expression level of miR-34a-5p and JAG1 were detected in CA tissues and HPV-HaCaT cells. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were respectively measured using 3-(4, 5)-dimethylthiahiazo-(-z-y1)-3, 5-diphenytetrazoliumromide (MTT), cell wound healing and Transwell assay. The potential binding sites of miR-34a-5p and JAG1 were predicted by website TargetScan, and confirmed using dual luciferase reporter gene assay. The proteins of Notch1 pathway-related were assessed using western blotting. The results showed that miR-34a-5p expression was decreased, and JAG1 expression was increased in CA tissues and HPV-HaCaT cells. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were decreased when miR-34a-5p over-expression and JAG1 knock-down in HPV-HaCaT cells. Furthermore, miR-34a-5p had a targeting effect on JAG1. The expression level of Notch1, NICD, Hes1 and Hey1 were increased when miR-34a-5p knock-down. miR-34a-5p could inhibit cell development, and regulate the activity of Notch1 pathway through targeting JAG1 expression in HPV-infected keratinocytes.
Assuntos
Condiloma Acuminado/patologia , Proteína Jagged-1/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Infecções por Papillomavirus/patologia , Receptor Notch1/metabolismo , Movimento Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Condiloma Acuminado/metabolismo , Condiloma Acuminado/virologia , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Humanos , Queratinócitos/metabolismo , Queratinócitos/virologia , Masculino , MicroRNAs/genética , Invasividade Neoplásica/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Infecções por Papillomavirus/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Investigate the role of Yes-associated protein (YAP1) in the development of condyloma acuminatum (CA). METHODS: We enrolled 30 male patients with CA and 20 healthy individuals as a control group, to compare the YAP1 expression in their tissue samples. Following this, we overexpressed and downregulated YAP1 expression in HaCaT cells to examine the migratory, proliferative, and apoptotic potential of HaCaT cells expressing different levels of YAP1. RESULTS: In the CA patient tissue samples, an increase in YAP1 expression can be observed. In vitro,the overexpression of YAP1 was shown to promote the growth and migration of HaCaT cells and to activate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway-associated proteins, while the downregulation of YAP1 inhibited cell growth and migration of these cells. CONCLUSIONS: YAP1 promotes the growth of keratinocytes in CA through the activation of the EGFR pathway, and it may mediate the development of human papilloma virus-associated diseases.
Assuntos
Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , Condiloma Acuminado/metabolismo , Epiderme/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/genética , Adulto , Apoptose , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Movimento Celular , Condiloma Acuminado/genética , Condiloma Acuminado/fisiopatologia , Regulação para Baixo , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Inativação Gênica , Células HaCaT , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transdução de Sinais , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Transfecção , Regulação para Cima , Proteínas de Sinalização YAPRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Despite its high contagiousness, high recurrence rate and potential for malignant transformation, effective treatments for condyloma acuminatum (CA) have not yet been developed. Accordingly, it is necessary to clarify the mechanisms underlying CA development. AIM: To investigate the expression and significance of the proteins Wnt-1 and TSLC1 in patients with CA and in normal foreskin controls. METHODS: Wnt-1 and TSLC1 were assessed by immunohistochemistry in 45 patients with CA. RESULTS: Positive expression rates of Wnt-1 and TSLC1 were 82.22% (37/45) and 37.78% (17/45), respectively, in CA tissues, and 29.17% (7/24) and 91.67% (22/24), respectively, in normal foreskin controls. Wnt-1 expression intensity in CA was markedly higher (positive to strongly positive) than that in normal controls (negative to weakly positive), whereas TSLC1 expression intensity ranged from weakly positive to positive in CA, and nearly strongly positive in the normal control group. The differences in the positive expression rate and expression intensity of Wnt-1 and TSLC1 between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In addition, Wnt-1 and TSLC1 were negatively correlated. (r = -0.336, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of Wnt-1 and low expression of TSLC1 may be associated with the growth of CA. These findings may provide a basis for the development of therapies to prevent recurrence or malignant transformation of CA.
Assuntos
Molécula 1 de Adesão Celular/metabolismo , Condiloma Acuminado/metabolismo , Proteína Wnt1/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Condiloma Acuminado/patologia , Feminino , Genes Supressores de Tumor , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/metabolismo , Proto-Oncogenes , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hyperthermia is an effective treatment against cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Previous studies have shown that heat shock proteins are crucial to the action of hyperthermia. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of hyperthermia in combination with DNAJA4-deficiency on human keratinocytes and Condyloma acumunatum (CA) tissues. METHODS: HaCaT cells were subjected to 44°C (compared to 37°C) waterbath for 30min for stimulation. Foreskin or CA tissues obtained from patients undergoing circumcision or pathological examination were bisected and subjected to similar treatments. DNAJA4-knockout (KO) HaCaT cells were generated with CRISPR/Cas9 technology. mRNA and protein expressions were determined using rt-qPCR and western-blotting. Cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and senescence were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: DNAJA4 was induced in HaCaT cells, foreskin and CA tissues subjected to hyperthermia at both transcriptional and translational levels. NF-kB,3 was activated by hyperthermia in HaCaT cells, and further enhanced by DNAJA4-deficiency. Transcription of TNF-α4; IL-1B,5 TNFAIP36 and IL-87 were induced in HaCaT cells subjected to hyperthermia. DNAJA4-knockout promoted transcriptions of TNF-α and IL-1B, whereas decreased that of TNFAIP3 and IL-8. Reduced cell survival, proliferation and viability were demonstrated using flow cytometry and MTS assays. Furthermore, NF-kB inhibitors reversed most of the phenotypes observed. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperthermia reduced HaCaT cell proliferation and promoted cytokine expressions responsible for anti-viral activity, mainly through a NF-kB dependent pathway. DNAJA4-deficiency enhanced the activation of NF-kB by hyperthermia in HaCaT cells, indicating that DNAJA4 may be a promising therapeutic target for use in the treatment of cutaneous HPV infections.
Assuntos
Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular , Proliferação de Células , Condiloma Acuminado/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP40/deficiência , Resposta ao Choque Térmico , Hipertermia Induzida , Queratinócitos/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Senescência Celular , Condiloma Acuminado/genética , Condiloma Acuminado/patologia , Condiloma Acuminado/virologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP40/genética , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Humanos , Queratinócitos/patologia , Queratinócitos/virologia , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Podophyllotoxin (POD), a cytotoxic compound, is able to effectively treat HPV; however, the severe irritation side effects of POD restrict its use as a treatment for CA. The aim of the present study was to construct novel PODloaded nanostructured nanolipid carriers (PODNLCs) and evaluate their physicochemical characteristics and cytotoxicity. PODNLCs (0.5%) were prepared using emulsionevaporation and low temperaturesolidification methods with optimized conditions and preparations. Subsequently, the PODNLCs were physicochemically characterized and their in vitro and in vivo release efficiencies and in vitro cytotoxicity were studied. The prepared PODNLCs had an average particle size, ζ potential, polydispersity index and encapsulation efficacy of 178.5±20 nm, 27±0.5 mV, 0.18±0.01 and 82.9±2%, respectively. In vitro and in vivo release studies demonstrated that PODNLCs are able to provide sustained drug delivery for 72 h in vitro and 10 h in the mucosa. Compared with a tincture formulation of POD (PODT), PODNLC induced less inflammatory cytokine production in the cervical mucous and led to a decreased histopathological score. In addition, a cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that inhibition of the PODNLCs was 98.4% at 24 h and remained >98% up to 72 h. Furthermore, more cells were arrested in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle following PODNLC treatment compared with the PODT treatment. The present study provides evidence that PODNLC is a promising delivery system for the treatment of CA.
Assuntos
Condiloma Acuminado/tratamento farmacológico , Portadores de Fármacos/farmacologia , Lipídeos/farmacologia , Nanopartículas/uso terapêutico , Podofilotoxina/farmacologia , Animais , Condiloma Acuminado/metabolismo , Condiloma Acuminado/patologia , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Lipídeos/química , Nanopartículas/química , Podofilotoxina/química , Suínos , Porco MiniaturaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The clinical morphology of anogenital warts may vary from flat, filiform, papular, or verrucous to giant condyloma acuminatum. Clinically atypical-looking genital warts may alarm the clinician because of their suspected malignant potential, which may cause anxiety, often leading to aggressive interventions. OBJECTIVE: To study if clinically atypical-looking anogenital warts are more likely to be premalignant or malignant as compared to typical warts. METHOD: Data of 41 (37 males, 4 females) patients with anogenital warts was retrospectively analyzed. After a detailed literature review and in-house discussions, criteria for anogenital warts with typical and atypical clinical morphology were defined. Clinical photographs were independently reviewed by three dermatologists, and human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping results, histological evaluation, and immunohistochemical analysis for p53 expression were evaluated. RESULTS: Fifteen (36.6%) anogenital warts were classified as atypical by at least two of three blinded dermatologists. The histological examination showed mitotic figures in 31/41 (75.6%) specimens, dysplasia in 14/41 (44.1%) specimens, and p53 positivity in 34/41 (82.9%) specimens. There was no significant difference in the high-risk HPV genotyping (P = 0.67), frequency of dysplastic changes on histology (P = 0.19), and immunohistochemistry with p53 (P = 0.08) between clinically typical and atypical-appearing anogenital warts. Similarly, no significant difference was found in the frequency of dysplastic changes (P = 0.67) or p53 expressions (P =0.41) based on the HPV genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: The atypical clinical morphology of anogenital warts may not be a marker of increased malignant potential. High-risk HPV genotypes do not have a statistically significant association with dysplasia or positive immunohistochemistry with p53.
Assuntos
Condiloma Acuminado/patologia , Papillomaviridae/genética , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/patologia , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Doenças do Ânus/metabolismo , Doenças do Ânus/patologia , Doenças do Ânus/virologia , Biomarcadores , Coinfecção/virologia , Condiloma Acuminado/metabolismo , Condiloma Acuminado/virologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças do Pênis/patologia , Doenças do Pênis/virologia , Períneo , Fotografação , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/metabolismo , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/virologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Método Simples-Cego , Doenças da Vulva/metabolismo , Doenças da Vulva/patologia , Doenças da Vulva/virologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We present the case of a 43-year-old white man with a complex lesion at the base of the penis that combines features of both a poroma and a condyloma with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, atypias, and focal ductal differentiation. It was a papillomatous lesion with epidermal hyperplasia, which mainly contained focally pigmented monotonous basaloid cells. Ductal lumina with cuticular cells were easily identified. Atypias were focally evidenced, with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia. Hypergranulosis and koilocytosis were also present. Immunohistochemical studies indicated p16 and p53 immunoexpression in the areas with cellular atypia and koilocytosis. Studies with in situ hybridization showed positivity for HPVs 16/18 and 31/33 in such areas, with a high rate of proliferation indicated by Ki-67. There was no positivity for HPV 6/11. Epithelial membrane antigen highlighted the ductal lumina, whereas there was no immunostaining for carcinoembryonic antigen.
Assuntos
Condiloma Acuminado/complicações , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Doenças do Pênis/complicações , Adulto , Condiloma Acuminado/metabolismo , Condiloma Acuminado/virologia , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/metabolismo , Humanos , Hibridização In Situ , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Masculino , Infecções por Papillomavirus/metabolismo , Doenças do Pênis/virologia , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to explore the expressions and significance of NDRG1 (N-myc downregulated gene family 1), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and Ki-67 in lesions of Condyloma Acuminatum (CA). Immunohistochemistry was adopted to measure the expressions of NDRG1, VEGF and Ki-67 in 48 cases of CA and 18 normal skin controls. The positive rates of NDRG1, VEGF and Ki-67 were 63. 83.33% (40/48), 93.75% (45/48) and 85.42% (41/48) in the CA tissues, and 27.78% (5/18), 94.44%(17/18) and 61.11% (11/18) in the controls, respectively. The intensities of the expressions of NDRG1, VEGF and Ki-67 in CA tissues were significantly higher than those in the controls. There were significant differences both in the positive rates and the expression intensities of NDRG1, VEGF and Ki-67 between the two groups (P less than0.05). The Spearmans Rank-Order Correlation analysis indicated that the expressions of NDRG1 protein and VEGF protein were positively correlated by the Spearmans Rank-Order Correlation analysis (r = 0.346, P=0.016). For the CA tissues with high expressions of NDRG1 and VEGF, NDRG1 and VEGF influenced both the occurrence and development of CA.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/biossíntese , Condiloma Acuminado/metabolismo , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/metabolismo , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/metabolismo , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/biossíntese , Antígeno Ki-67/biossíntese , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/biossíntese , Adolescente , Adulto , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Divisão Celular , Condiloma Acuminado/genética , Condiloma Acuminado/patologia , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/genética , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/patologia , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/genética , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/patologia , Humanos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/genética , Antígeno Ki-67/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genética , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In a natural history study of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and HPV-related lesions among homosexual men in Sydney, Australia, we identified 15 examples of papillary immature metaplasia (PIM) in anal biopsy samples. PIM has previously been described in the cervix, but not in the anal canal. PIM is a form of exophytic low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (eLSIL) also known as condyloma. In contrast to the maturing keratinocytes and koilocytosis seen in conventional eLSIL, the slender papillary structures of PIM have a surface population of immature squamous cells. In our anal samples PIM was characterized by close proximity to conventional eLSIL, was negative for p16 (p16) expression, and revealed the presence of a single low-risk HPV genotype (either 6 or 11) in laser capture microdissected lesions. The clinical significance of recognizing PIM lies in preventing misdiagnosis as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, (the presumed precursor to anal cancer), due to the morphologic immaturity of the cell population. In routine practice, awareness of anal canal PIM and p16 immunostaining will prevent this. Further study of the natural history of anal canal PIM is needed.
Assuntos
Canal Anal/patologia , Neoplasias do Ânus/patologia , Condiloma Acuminado/patologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/patologia , Adulto , Canal Anal/virologia , Neoplasias do Ânus/química , Neoplasias do Ânus/virologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Biópsia , Condiloma Acuminado/metabolismo , Condiloma Acuminado/virologia , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/análise , DNA Viral/genética , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Homossexualidade Masculina , Testes de DNA para Papilomavírus Humano , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Metaplasia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , New South Wales , Papillomaviridae/genética , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/química , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/virologia , Valor Preditivo dos TestesRESUMO
UNLABELLED: The histological changes of the oral mucosa in contact with a metal alloy dentures is one of the current issues widely debated in the literature. AIM: To highlight the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human paraprosthetic gingival mucosa exposed to nickel and copper compounds using the immunohistochemical technique. The selected participants were wearers of fixed dentures made of nickel-based alloys and copper-based alloys. The gingival mucosa fragments were prelevated through excision after removing fixed denture and extraction one of its affected teeth. The gingival mucosa fragments were processed through the histological technique of paraffin inclusion. The paraffin-embedded tissue sections were usually stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and processed by immunohistochemical technique with VEGF antibody. The gingival mucosa fragments from nickel-based alloys dentures wearers were diagnosed with papilloma and, also, gingival mucosa samples prelevated from copper-based alloys dentures wearers were diagnosed with condyloma acuminata. Immunohistochemical reaction for VEGF was different in the gingival mucosa fragments with papilloma compared with condyloma acuminata samples. In papillomatosis gingival mucosa fragments, VEGF was implicated in principal in vasodilatation and inflammation process, and secondary in angiogenesis. In gingival mucosa fragments with condyloma acuminata, the principal role of VEGF was in angiogenesis and secondary in inflammation.
Assuntos
Condiloma Acuminado/metabolismo , Gengiva/metabolismo , Gengiva/patologia , Mucosa Bucal/metabolismo , Mucosa Bucal/patologia , Papiloma/metabolismo , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Condiloma Acuminado/patologia , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/patologia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mitose , Papiloma/patologia , Pericitos/metabolismo , Pericitos/patologiaRESUMO
Objective of the study was to investigate the expression and significance of XIAP and c-jun in Condyloma acuminatum. The immunohistochemistry SABC method was adopted to detect the expression of XIAP and c-jun in Condyloma acuminatum. The positive expression rate of XIAP and c-jun in Condyloma acuminatum was 80% (32/40) and 90% (36/40) separately and the intensity of expression was usually ++ ~ +++. While in control group, the positive expression rate of XIAP and c-jun was 27.8% (5/18) and 16.7 % (3/18) separately, and the intensity of expression was - ~ ++. There was statistical significance of the positive expression rate and the expression intensity of XIAP and c-jun between the two groups (P<0.05). Besides, the positive correlation existed between expression of XIAP and c-jun (r=0.306 P<0.01). The over-expression of XIAP and c-jun in Condyloma acuminatum may be associated with the growth of Condyloma acuminatum.
Assuntos
Condiloma Acuminado/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-jun/análise , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/análise , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is a condition caused by the highly contagious human papillomavirus (HPV), characterized by warts that undergo abnormal cell proliferation. One of the important regulators of cell proliferation is microRNAs (miRNAs). In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression profile of miR-99b in HPV positive CA samples and normal skin. We found significantly lower miR-99b levels in CA samples than in normal skin. Therefore, we investigated the role of miR-99b in regulating the proliferation of primary cultured human epidermal keratinocytes, and found that forced expression of miR-99b inhibited proliferation and induced G1-phase arrest. Based on conserved sequences in 3'UTR for miR-99b binding, we identified the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) gene as a direct target for miR-99b. Further, we confirmed the binding site for miR-99b in the IGF-1R 3'UTR by mutation using a luciferase reporter assay that showed decrease in luciferase activity in the presence of miR-99b in the construct with the wild-type 3'UTR, but not in the construct with the mutant 3'UTR. Moreover, miR-99b over-expression could down-regulate IGF-1R expression, and could repress the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Lastly, over-expression of IGF-1R reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-99b on keratinocyte proliferation. Taken together, our results suggest that IGF-1R levels may be modulated by miR-99b in CA: downregulation of miR-99b with concomitant upregulation of its target gene IGF-1R may over-induce the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, leading to deregulated cell proliferation in CA.
Assuntos
Proliferação de Células , Condiloma Acuminado/genética , Epiderme/metabolismo , Queratinócitos/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/genética , Receptores de Somatomedina/genética , Regiões 3' não Traduzidas , Adolescente , Adulto , Sítios de Ligação , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Células Cultivadas , Condiloma Acuminado/metabolismo , Condiloma Acuminado/patologia , Condiloma Acuminado/virologia , Regulação para Baixo , Epiderme/patologia , Epiderme/virologia , Feminino , Pontos de Checagem da Fase G1 do Ciclo Celular , Humanos , Queratinócitos/patologia , Queratinócitos/virologia , Masculino , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinase/metabolismo , Cultura Primária de Células , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Receptor IGF Tipo 1 , Receptores de Somatomedina/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Fatores de Tempo , Transfecção , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The objective of the present study was to explore the expression and significance of survivin and Livin in lesions of Condyloma acuminatum (CA). Streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemistry method was used to measure the expression of survivin, Livin and Ki-67 in 48 cases of CA and 25 cases of normal foreskin tissues. The positive expression rates of survivin, Livin and Ki-67 were 72.91% (35/48), 77.08% (37/48) and 85.42% (41/48) in CA tissues, and 4% (1/25), 4% (5/25) and 60% (15/25) in the control group, respectively. The expression intensity of survivin, Livin and Ki-67 in CA tissues (++ ~ +++) was significantly higher than that in the normal control group (- ~ ++). There were significant differences (P <0.05) both in the positive rates and the expression intensity of survivin, Livin and Ki-67 between the two groups. There was positive correlation between the expression of survivin and Livin in CA group (P < 0.01); the expressions of survivin and Ki-67 were positively correlated with each other (P < 0.01); Livin and Ki-67 expressions were positively correlated with each other (P < 0.01). There were over-expressions and excessive proliferations of survivin and Livin in CA tissues, and apoptosis suppressors survivin and Livin were correlated with CA.
Assuntos
Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/biossíntese , Condiloma Acuminado/metabolismo , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/metabolismo , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/metabolismo , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose/biossíntese , Proteínas de Neoplasias/biossíntese , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Apoptose , Divisão Celular , Condiloma Acuminado/genética , Condiloma Acuminado/patologia , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Feminino , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/genética , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/patologia , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/genética , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/patologia , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose/genética , Antígeno Ki-67/biossíntese , Antígeno Ki-67/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Survivina , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION: To explore the significance of survivin, P16(INK4a), COX-2, and Ki-67 expressions for prediction of cervical cancer progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in 129 cases including 24 squamous carcinoma of the cervix (SCC), 70 cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN), 15 cervical condyloma acuminatum (CCA), ten chronic cervicitis (CC), and ten normal cervix (NC). Protein expressions were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Survivin, P16(INK4a); COX-2, and Ki-67 were highly expressed in SCC and CIN compared with others. Their expression rates were gradually increased in CIN I, CIN II, CIN III, and SCC groups, showing 72.00%, 88.00%, 90.00%, and 95.83% for P16(INK4a), 68.00%, 84.00%, 95.00% and 100.00% for COX-2, 76.00%, 96.00%, 100.00%, and 100.00 for Ki-67, respectively. There were significant correlations between survivin and P16(INK4a), COX-2, Ki-67, as well as P16(INK4a) and Ki-67. CONCLUSION: Survivin, P16(INK4a), COX-2 and Ki-67 play critical roles for development and progression of cervical cancer.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/química , Displasia do Colo do Útero/química , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/química , Adulto , Colo do Útero/química , Doença Crônica , Condiloma Acuminado/metabolismo , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/análise , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/análise , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose/análise , Antígeno Ki-67/análise , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Survivina , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Cervicite Uterina/metabolismo , Displasia do Colo do Útero/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Condyloma acuminatum is one of the most commonly occurring sexually transmitted diseases. HNP1 is a small antimicrobial peptide that has been reported to have antiviral activities. AIM: Using the condyloma acuminatum tissue culture to resemble the situation more closely in vivo, we investigate the therapeutic effect of a recombinant plasmid encoding HNP1 gene in condyloma acuminatum tissue. METHODS: Recombinant plasmid DNA carrying HNP1 cDNA was constructed and identified. Then the recombinant plasmid was transfected into a condyloma acuminatum tissue fragment, and the HNP1 expression was determined on these tissue fragments by immunohistochemistry. TUNEL staining and flow cytometry techniques were used to examine cell apoptosis of condyloma acuminatum tissue. Relative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to validate antihuman papillomavirus therapeutics of the treatment groups. RESULTS: Transfected HNP1 gene was expressed mainly in the cytoplasmic granules of the condyloma acuminatum tissues. Positive apoptotic cells were observed in condyloma acuminatum tissues transfected with the HNP1 gene. In addition, the HPV expression was lower in the HNP1 treatment tissues as compared to their corresponding control tissues. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that HNP1 can directly promote condyloma acuminatum cell apoptosis and play an antivirus role in the condyloma acuminatum tissue by limiting viral replication. These observations suggest a possible application for human HNP1 on condyloma acuminatum therapy.
Assuntos
Condiloma Acuminado/genética , Dermatopatias/genética , alfa-Defensinas/genética , Apoptose/genética , Condiloma Acuminado/metabolismo , Condiloma Acuminado/terapia , Grânulos Citoplasmáticos/química , Feminino , Terapia Genética , Papillomavirus Humano 11/fisiologia , Humanos , Plasmídeos , Dermatopatias/metabolismo , Dermatopatias/terapia , Técnicas de Cultura de Tecidos , Transfecção , Replicação Viral , alfa-Defensinas/análiseRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Warts are abnormal skin growths caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) infections within the skin of patients. Genital warts usually appear in the perianal and perigenital regions. Asymptomatic warts may be activated after years and may damage natural immunity. The inflammation that occurs during this process may lead to an imbalance between the prooxidant and the antioxidant systems. The aim of this study was to investigate erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, serum paraoxonase enzyme levels, and oxidative stress levels in patients with genital warts. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In total, 32 patients with genital warts and 35 healthy subjects were included in this study. Erythrocyte GSH-Px activity, serum catalase activity, and paraoxonase enzyme, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined. RESULTS: Erythrocyte GSH-Px activity, serum MDA levels, and catalase activity were significantly higher in patients with genital warts than in controls (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.05, respectively). However, serum paraoxonase enzyme levels were not significantly different between groups (P > 0.05). Serum triglyceride levels were significantly lower in patients with genital warts than in controls (P < 0.01). However, there were no statistically significant differences between groups with respect to total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that oxidative stress is increased in genital warts. Increased oxidative stress levels may contribute to the pathogenesis of genital warts, and prolonged HPV infection due to chronic inflammation could also affect oxidative stress.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Condiloma Acuminado/sangue , Condiloma Acuminado/metabolismo , Oxidantes/metabolismo , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Catalase/sangue , Feminino , Glutationa Peroxidase/sangue , Humanos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/fisiologia , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangue , Masculino , Malondialdeído/sangue , Oxidantes/sangue , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are expressed in immune and tumor cells and recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Cervical cancer (CC) is directly linked to a persistent infection with high risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) and could be associated with alteration of TLRs expression. TLR9 plays a key role in the recognition of DNA viruses and better understanding of this signaling pathway in CC could lead to the development of novel immunotherapeutic approaches. The present study was undertaken to determine the level of TLR9 expression in cervical neoplasias from Tunisian women with 53 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens, including 22 samples of invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC), 18 of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), 7 of condyloma and 6 normal cervical tissues as control cases. Quantification of TLR9 expression was based on scoring four degrees of extent and intensity of immunostaining in squamous epithelial cells. TLR9 expression gradually increased from CIN1 (80% weak intensity) to CIN2 (83.3% moderate), CIN3 (57.1% strong) and ICC (100% very strong). It was absent in normal cervical tissue and weak in 71.4% of condyloma. The mean scores of TLR9 expression were compared using the Kruskall-Wallis test and there was a statistical significance between normal tissue and condyloma as well as between condyloma, CINs and ICC. These results suggest that TLR9 may play a role in progression of cervical neoplasia in Tunisian patients and could represent a useful biomarker for malignant transformation of cervical squamous cells.