RESUMO
Sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) is widely used as a preservative in the food and wine industry. However, it causes varying degrees of cellular damage to organisms. In order to improve our knowledge regarding its cyto-toxicity, a genome-wide screen using the yeast single deletion collection was performed. Additionally, a total of 162 Na2S2O5-sensitive strains and 16 Na2S2O5-tolerant strains were identified. Among the 162 Na2S2O5 tolerance-related genes, the retromer complex was the top enriched cellular component. Further analysis demonstrated that retromer complex deletion leads to increased sensitivity to Na2S2O5, and that Na2S2O5 can induce mislocalization of retromer complex proteins. Notably, phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate kinase (PI3K) complex II, which is important for retromer recruitment to the endosome, might be a potential regulator mediating retromer localization and the yeast Na2S2O5 tolerance response. Na2S2O5 can decrease the protein expressions of Vps34, which is the component of PI3K complex. Therefore, Na2S2O5-mediated retromer redistribution might be caused by the effects of decreased Vps34 expression levels. Moreover, both pharmaceutical inhibition of Vps34 functions and deletions of PI3K complex II-related genes affect cell tolerance to Na2S2O5. The results of our study provide a global picture of cellular components required for Na2S2O5 tolerance and advance our understanding concerning Na2S2O5-induced cytotoxicity effects.
Assuntos
Classe III de Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/genética , Conservantes de Alimentos/efeitos adversos , Complexos Multiproteicos/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/genética , Sulfitos/efeitos adversos , Resistência a Medicamentos/genética , Endossomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Endossomos/genética , Deleção de Genes , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Genoma Fúngico/efeitos dos fármacos , Genoma Fúngico/genética , Complexos Multiproteicos/antagonistas & inibidores , Ligação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Transporte Proteico/efeitos dos fármacos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/efeitos dos fármacos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Sulfitos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Background: Adults frequently interpret food-associated adverse reactions as indicators of a food allergy. However, the public perception of food allergy may differ from a clinician's point of view. The prevalence of patient-reported food allergy tends to be higher than physician-confirmed cases. Dermatological manifestations (urticaria, pruritus, dermatitis, and edema) are frequently reported by patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe patient-reported symptoms related to suspected food allergies and particularly to characterize and highlight the volume of patients who visit Budapest allergy clinics with suspected food allergies. Methods: In this prospective study, adult (≥18 years) patients were examined at the Allergology Outpatient Unit of the Dept. of Dermatology, Venereology, and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest. The examination included a detailed medical history; physical examination; and when necessary the measurement of allergen-specific serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Results: Data from 501 patients (393 women, 108 men) were analyzed. Intolerance to dietary biogenic amines occurred in 250 cases (250/501, 50%). Oral allergy syndrome was confirmed in 71 patients (71/501, 14%). Allergy to food preservatives was diagnosed in 14 (14/501, 3%) cases by a dermatologist-allergist specialist. Five individuals (5/501, 1%) were diagnosed with IgE-mediated food allergy. In some cases (28/501, 6%), edema-inducing/enhancing side effects of drugs were observed which patients had misattributed to various foods. Among the food groups considered to be provoking factors, the most frequently mentioned were fruits (198/501, 40%), milk/dairy products (174/501, 35%), and nuts/oilseeds (144/501, 29%). Overwhelmingly, urticaria (47%) was the most common dermatological diagnosis, followed by dermatitis (20%) and allergic contact dermatitis (8%). Conclusion: Improvement is needed in food allergy, food intolerance, and general nutritional knowledge among the general public. According to our data, perceived/self-reported food allergies were overestimated by adults when compared against physician-confirmed food allergies; however, other diseases potentially responsible for food-related problems were underestimated. The prevalence of oral allergy syndrome was high in the cohort. Intolerance to dietary biogenic amines was common, and although the role of dietary histamine and biogenic amine is not entirely understood in eliciting patients' symptoms, improvements in complaints were reported during the control visits.
Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/epidemiologia , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Alérgenos/efeitos adversos , Aminas Biogênicas/administração & dosagem , Dermatite/epidemiologia , Edema/epidemiologia , Feminino , Intolerância Alimentar , Conservantes de Alimentos/efeitos adversos , Histamina , Humanos , Hungria/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nozes , Prevalência , Prurido/epidemiologia , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória , Autorrelato , Urticária/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Sulfites are a class of chemical compounds, SO2 releasers, widely used as additives in food industry, due to their antimicrobial, color stabilizing, antibrowning, and antioxidant properties. As the results of these pleiotropic functions they can be added to a broad range of products including dried fruits and vegetables, seafood, juices, alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverage, and in few meat products. Sulfites ingestion has been correlated with several adverse and toxic reactions, such as hypersensitivity, allergic diseases, vitamin deficiency, and may lead to dysbiotic events of gut and oral microbiota. In many countries, these additives are closely regulated and in meat products the legislation restricts their usage. Several studies have been conducted to investigate the sulfites contents in meat and meat products, and many of them have revealed that some meat preparations represent one of the main sources of SO2 exposure, especially in adults and young people. This review discusses properties, technological functions, regulation, and health implications of sulfites in meat-based foods, and lays a special emphasis on the chemical mechanisms involved in their interactions with organic and inorganic meat components.
Assuntos
Produtos da Carne , Carne , Sulfitos/química , Conservantes de Alimentos/efeitos adversos , Conservantes de Alimentos/química , Inocuidade dos Alimentos , Humanos , Legislação sobre Alimentos , Sulfitos/efeitos adversos , Sulfitos/análiseRESUMO
SO2 is a very important wine preservative. However, there are several drawbacks associated with the use of SO2 in wine. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of the partial substitution of SO2 in the Tempranillo wine by a Mazuelo grape stem extract and by a commercial vine wood extract (Vinetan®). The results were compared with a control sample (with no addition of any extract). After 12 months of storage in a bottle, total anthocyanin content, together with total polyphenol and flavonoid content were slightly higher for control wines than for those treated with extracts. These differences were of little relevance, as no differences in antioxidant activity were found between any of the wines at the end of the study. The sensory analysis revealed that the use of both extracts as partial substitutes of SO2 could lead to wines with good organoleptic properties, similar or even better to the control ones.
Assuntos
Conservantes de Alimentos/efeitos adversos , Caules de Planta/química , Dióxido de Enxofre/efeitos adversos , Vitis/química , Vinho , Antocianinas/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Humanos , Fenóis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Polifenóis/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Allergic reactions to food additives are often suspected by families. The aim of this study was to describe oral food challenge (OFC) outcomes in a pediatric cohort with a suspected diagnosis of allergy to food additives (food dyes or sodium benzoate). METHODS: All patients who underwent an open OFC to carmine red, cochineal red, erythrosine, patent blue V, tartrazine, yellow sunset S, and/or sodium benzoate were included. A survey was sent to families after testing to evaluate whether the OFC results had altered feeding behaviors with food additives. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients were included. The main suspected food was candy (n=11/23; 48%). Only one OFC out of 45 was formally positive for the carmine and cochineal red. Subsequently, most OFCs were negative (44/45; 97.8%). Despite the negativity of the challenge, four families out of 14 reported occurrences of supposed allergic reactions to food additives and six out of 15 continued to completely avoid the additive of concern in their children's diet. CONCLUSIONS: Allergies to food additives remain rare. Even if an IgE-mediated allergy was excluded with a negative OFC, families remained suspicious about ready-made products. Health professionals and parents should be reassured about the low risk of food dye intolerance or allergies.
Assuntos
Corantes de Alimentos/efeitos adversos , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/etiologia , Conservantes de Alimentos/efeitos adversos , Benzoato de Sódio/efeitos adversos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
: Wine, beer, liquor, and spirits are widely consumed in many cultures across the globe, and for some individuals, ingestion, cutaneous contact, or other exposure can lead to dermatologic findings. However, there currently exist no comprehensive reviews on alcohol-related dermatitis. Herein, we will provide an overview of alcohol-related dermatitis and contact urticaria, including the epidemiology and clinical manifestations, potential allergens found in alcoholic beverages, testing approaches, and strategies for allergen avoidance.
Assuntos
Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/epidemiologia , Urticária/epidemiologia , Bálsamos/efeitos adversos , Cerveja/efeitos adversos , Cromo/efeitos adversos , Citrus/efeitos adversos , Cobalto/efeitos adversos , Dermatite/epidemiologia , Dermatite/fisiopatologia , Dermatite/terapia , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/etiologia , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/fisiopatologia , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/terapia , Conservantes de Alimentos/efeitos adversos , Ouro/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/epidemiologia , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/etiologia , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/fisiopatologia , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/terapia , Hipersensibilidade Imediata/epidemiologia , Hipersensibilidade Imediata/etiologia , Hipersensibilidade Imediata/fisiopatologia , Hipersensibilidade Imediata/terapia , Isotiocianatos/efeitos adversos , Níquel/efeitos adversos , Propilenoglicol/efeitos adversos , Sulfitos/efeitos adversos , Urticária/etiologia , Urticária/fisiopatologia , Urticária/terapia , Vinho/efeitos adversosRESUMO
The topics of climate change and ecosystem disruption are at the forefront of global discussion. Accordingly, there is a sense of urgency among citizens, environmental experts, and political leaders for action and policy change. While the effect of a changing climate on the environment is well recognized, its impact on the human body has not been sufficiently described. In our review, we will attempt to outline some of these effects. We will discuss how the recent surge of immunologic disease may be related to the changing profile of microorganisms and antigens in our every-day environment. We will explore how the introduction of antibiotics may result in an altered gut microbiome, and subsequently abnormal neurodevelopment. Finally, we will discuss a possible link between chemical preservatives and neoplastic disease.
Assuntos
Mudança Climática , Ecossistema , Conservantes de Alimentos/administração & dosagem , Conservantes de Alimentos/efeitos adversos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Doenças do Sistema Imunitário/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Continuous exposure to preservatives such as nitrite salts has deleterious effects on different organs. Meanwhile, Nigella sativa oil can remediate such organ dysfunction. Here, we studied the effect of consumption of thymoquinone (TQ); the main component of Nigella sativa oil on the brain damage induced by sodium nitrite. Forty adult male rats were daily given oral gavage of sodium nitrite (80 mg/kg) with or without thymoquinone (50 mg/kg). Oxidative stress, cytokines of inflammation, fibrotic elements and apoptotic markers in brain tissue were measured. Exposure to sodium nitrite (SN) resulted in increased levels of malondialdehyde, TGF-ß, c-reactive protein, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1ß and caspase-3 associated with reduced levels of glutathione, cytochrome c oxidase, Nrf2 and IL-10. However, exposure of rats' brain tissues to thymoquinone resulted ameliorated all these effects. In conclusion, thymoquinone remediates sodium nitrite-induced brain impairment through several mechanisms including attenuation of oxidative stress, retrieving the reduced concentration of glutathione, blocks elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, restores cytochrome c oxidase activity, and reducing the apoptosis markers in the brain tissues of rats.
Assuntos
Benzoquinonas/administração & dosagem , Encefalite/tratamento farmacológico , Conservantes de Alimentos/efeitos adversos , Óleos de Plantas/química , Nitrito de Sódio/efeitos adversos , Animais , Benzoquinonas/farmacologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/metabolismo , Encefalite/induzido quimicamente , Encefalite/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutationa/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Parabens have been widely used as preservatives in the cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical industries for more than 70 years. Monitoring for paraben allergy closely followed with studies reporting paraben testing in standard screening fashion as early as 1940. The frequency of sensitivity to this widely used biocide has remained low and remarkably stable for many decades despite extensive use and progressive expansion of utilization worldwide. The authors select paraben mix as the (non)allergen of the year. Paraben reactions are quite uncommon and generally relevant. Parabens remain one of the least allergenic preservatives available. The unsubstantiated public perception of paraben safety has led to its replacement in many products with preservatives having far greater allergenic potential. This report reviews the well-established safety of parabens from an allergologic standpoint.
Assuntos
Cosméticos/química , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/etiologia , Conservantes de Alimentos/metabolismo , Parabenos/metabolismo , Conservantes Farmacêuticos/metabolismo , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/epidemiologia , Conservantes de Alimentos/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Imunização , Parabenos/efeitos adversos , Testes do Emplastro , Conservantes Farmacêuticos/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Fresh animal products are highly perishable and characterized by a short shelf-life. Edible coatings with natural antioxidants (essential oils: EOs) could improve stability, ensure quality, and increase the shelf-life of fresh products. Due to the strong flavor of EOs, their use should consider consumer preferences and sensory acceptability. This study evaluated the effects of edible coating (with oregano and rosemary essential oil) on beef in relation to consumer preferences, besides the determination of habits of consumption and buying intentions of consumers. Acceptability scores from three clusters of consumers was described. Coating with oregano was the preferred. The higher consumer acceptance and willingness to buy this product indicate a great potential and possibility of using coatings with essential oils in fresh animal products.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Consumidor , Fast Foods , Preferências Alimentares , Conservantes de Alimentos , Carne , Óleos Voláteis , Origanum/química , Adulto , Animais , Antioxidantes/efeitos adversos , Brasil , Bovinos , Análise por Conglomerados , Comportamento do Consumidor/economia , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Fast Foods/economia , Feminino , Aromatizantes/efeitos adversos , Preferências Alimentares/etnologia , Conservantes de Alimentos/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Carne/economia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Óleos Voláteis/efeitos adversos , Origanum/efeitos adversos , Análise de Componente Principal , Propriedades de Superfície , Paladar , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The effects of natural antimicrobial compounds (garlic essential oil [GO], allyl isothiocyanate [AITC], and nisin Z [NI]) on microbiological, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of fresh sausage were assessed. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) towards Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Lactobacillus plantarum were determined in vitro. Sausages inoculated with E. coli O157:H7, were treated with different combinations of antimicrobials and assessed for microbiological and physicochemical parameters during storage (6C for 20 d). Treatments that presented the greatest antimicrobial effects were subjected to sensory evaluation. Combinations of 20â¯mg/kg NIâ¯+â¯125⯵L/kg GOâ¯+â¯62.5⯵L/kg AITC or 20â¯mg/kg NIâ¯+â¯62.5⯵L/kg GOâ¯+â¯125⯵L/kg AITC were effective in reducing E. coli O157H7 and spoilage lactic acid bacteria, and maintained the physicochemical characteristics of fresh sausage. Combinations of NI, GO and AITC were effective to improve the safety and the shelf life of fresh sausage, with no impact on its sensory acceptance.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Conservantes de Alimentos , Alho/química , Isotiocianatos , Produtos da Carne/análise , Nisina/análogos & derivados , Óleos Voláteis , Animais , Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Brasil , Bovinos , Fenômenos Químicos , Escherichia coli O157/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Escherichia coli O157/isolamento & purificação , Conservantes de Alimentos/efeitos adversos , Inocuidade dos Alimentos , Armazenamento de Alimentos , Humanos , Isotiocianatos/efeitos adversos , Lactobacillus plantarum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Lactobacillus plantarum/isolamento & purificação , Produtos da Carne/efeitos adversos , Produtos da Carne/microbiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Viabilidade Microbiana , Nisina/efeitos adversos , Óleos Voláteis/efeitos adversos , Refrigeração , Sensação , Sus scrofa , PaladarRESUMO
The effects of adding combinations of rosemary (R: 1500, 2000, 2500â¯ppm) and green tea (G: 100, 200, 300â¯ppm) extracts in combination with synthetic antioxidants on the physiochemical, microbial, and sensory characteristics of fresh pork sausage were evaluated. R and G improved (Pâ¯<â¯.05) oxidative stability as evidenced by lower TBARS. R2500 and G300 had fewer PPC than the control at d 7, 14, and 21 of storage. Consumer acceptability scores were greater (Pâ¯<â¯.05) in sausages with R and G when compared to the control, and the majority of the R and G treatments were liked by 98% of the respondents. Treatment combinations of at least R2000 and G200 were described by positive drivers of liking such as spice-complex, ginger, nutmeg, rosemary flavors and aromas and lower scores for descriptors such as rancid, fruity, and off-flavor/odor. This research demonstrates that rosemary and green tea extracts improved the keeping quality of fresh pork sausage under simulated retail display.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/química , Camellia sinensis/química , Conservantes de Alimentos/química , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Produtos da Carne/análise , Extratos Vegetais/química , Rosmarinus/química , Animais , Antioxidantes/efeitos adversos , Fenômenos Químicos , Comportamento do Consumidor , Culinária , Preferências Alimentares , Conservantes de Alimentos/efeitos adversos , Armazenamento de Alimentos , Humanos , Produtos da Carne/microbiologia , Viabilidade Microbiana , Odorantes , Oxirredução , Pigmentos Biológicos/análise , Pigmentos Biológicos/química , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Folhas de Planta/química , Análise de Componente Principal , Sus scrofa , PaladarRESUMO
In the last years, there has been a growing interest in the use of edible materials in food packaging. The cheese industry is clearly one of the sectors where these materials have a good opportunity for application, as shown by the recent developments on edible coatings and films for cheese. Edible coatings and films, besides its edibility, can be used to reduce weight loss and prevent the microbiological spoilage through the control of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange rate and as a carrier of antimicrobial compounds. This review summarizes the recent results on edible films and coatings for cheese, the main developments and the main future perspectives for the application of these materials in the cheese industry.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Queijo/microbiologia , Microbiologia de Alimentos/métodos , Embalagem de Alimentos/métodos , Conservação de Alimentos/métodos , Conservantes de Alimentos/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Infecciosos/efeitos adversos , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Conservantes de Alimentos/efeitos adversos , HumanosRESUMO
In this study, the effects of oligochitosan treatment on controlling postharvest diseases in Dongxue peach ( Prunus Persica L. Batsch, cv Dongxuemi) were examined and the possible underlying mechanisms were discussed. Results showed that the disease incidence and lesion area in peach fruit inoculated with Monilinia fructicola and Penicillium expansum were all remarkably reduced by oligochitosan treatment. Oligochitosan treatment inhibited spore germination and mycelial growth of the two fungi in vitro. Oligochitosan treatment also induced upregulation of the salicylic acid signalling pathway-related genes (NPR1, PR1 and phenylalanine ammonia lyase) and enhanced the levels of total phenolics, flavonoids and lignin in peach. Meanwhile, enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, polyphenoloxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase also increased. These findings suggest that the effects of oligochitosan on the disease control of peach fruit may be associated with its direct antimicrobial effects as well as increasing antioxidant, phenylpropanoid metabolism and accumulating antifungal compounds by activating the salicylic acid-dependent pathway.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/efeitos dos fármacos , Quitina/análogos & derivados , Conservantes de Alimentos/farmacologia , Frutas/efeitos dos fármacos , Fungicidas Industriais/farmacologia , Penicillium/efeitos dos fármacos , Prunus persica/efeitos dos fármacos , Ascomicetos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ascomicetos/isolamento & purificação , Ascomicetos/metabolismo , China , Quitina/efeitos adversos , Quitina/farmacologia , Quitosana , Produtos Agrícolas/química , Produtos Agrícolas/efeitos dos fármacos , Produtos Agrícolas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Produtos Agrícolas/microbiologia , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Conservantes de Alimentos/efeitos adversos , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Frutas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Frutas/metabolismo , Frutas/microbiologia , Fungicidas Industriais/efeitos adversos , Lignina/metabolismo , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacos , Micélio/efeitos dos fármacos , Micélio/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Micélio/isolamento & purificação , Micélio/metabolismo , Oligossacarídeos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Oxirredutases/metabolismo , Penicillium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Penicillium/isolamento & purificação , Penicillium/metabolismo , Fenóis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Prunus persica/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Prunus persica/metabolismo , Prunus persica/microbiologia , Transdução de Sinais , Esporos/efeitos dos fármacos , Esporos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Esporos/isolamento & purificação , Esporos/metabolismoRESUMO
Sodium benzoate (SB) is a widely used preservative and antimicrobial substance in many foods and soft drinks. However, this compound is generally recognized as safe food additives, but evidence has suggested that a high intake of SB may link to attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in children. Present study investigate the effects of oral administration of different concentrations of SB (0.56, 1.125, and 2.25 mg/mL) for 4 weeks, on the learning and memory performance tests, and also the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) in the mouse brain. The results showed that SB significantly impaired memory and motor coordination. Moreover, SB decreased reduced GSH and increased the MDA level in the brain significantly (P < 0.001). However, nonsignificant alteration was observed in the AChE activity. These findings suggest that short-term consumption of SB can impair memory performance and increased brain oxidative stress in mice.
Assuntos
Conservantes de Alimentos/efeitos adversos , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/etiologia , Transtornos da Memória/etiologia , Transtornos das Habilidades Motoras/etiologia , Síndromes Neurotóxicas/etiologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Benzoato de Sódio/efeitos adversos , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Animais , Comportamento Animal , Encéfalo/enzimologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Conservantes de Alimentos/administração & dosagem , Glutationa/química , Glutationa/metabolismo , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/enzimologia , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Transtornos da Memória/enzimologia , Transtornos da Memória/metabolismo , Camundongos , Transtornos das Habilidades Motoras/enzimologia , Transtornos das Habilidades Motoras/metabolismo , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Neurônios/enzimologia , Neurônios/metabolismo , Síndromes Neurotóxicas/fisiopatologia , Oxirredução , Distribuição Aleatória , Teste de Desempenho do Rota-Rod , Benzoato de Sódio/administração & dosagem , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismoRESUMO
Anaphylaxis is a potentially life threatening, type I hypersensitivity reaction which can occur within seconds to minutes after exposure to an allergen. Sulfites have been implicated in causing such reactions with symptoms ranging from mild to potentially life threatening. Here we present a patient who had an anaphylactic reaction secondary to exposure to sulfites found in sparkling water.
Assuntos
Anafilaxia/induzido quimicamente , Água Carbonatada/efeitos adversos , Conservantes de Alimentos/efeitos adversos , Sulfitos/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Anafilaxia/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/etiologia , Humanos , Metilprednisolona/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
'Afourer' mandarins were stored in air containing ethylene at 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1µLL-1 at 20, 10, 5 and 0°C and changes in a range of external and internal quality parameters were examined for up to 10weeks in storage. At all storage temperatures, reducing ethylene concentration in the storage environment decreased the rate of respiration, visible deterioration of the calyx region, ethanol accumulation in the juice, loss of eating quality, and at chilling temperatures reduced rind pitting. The quality attributes limiting mandarin storage life differed between the different storage temperatures but retention of mandarin quality was always optimised by maintaining the lowest possible ethylene atmosphere around fruit. Thus, the primary target should be to ensure the ethylene levels are ≤0.01µLL-1, as loss of quality was accelerated above this concentration.
Assuntos
Citrus/química , Etilenos/efeitos adversos , Conservação de Alimentos/métodos , Conservantes de Alimentos/efeitos adversos , Frutas/química , Frutas/efeitos dos fármacos , Atmosfera , Citrus/efeitos dos fármacos , Etilenos/farmacologia , Conservação de Alimentos/instrumentação , Conservantes de Alimentos/farmacologia , Armazenamento de Alimentos , TemperaturaRESUMO
Olive leaves are rich in polyphenolic compounds that are known to have antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, olive leaf extract (OLE) is considered as a natural supplement. In this study we evaluated the antibacterial and the anti-inflammatory effect of OLE and its individual phenolic components in vitro. Polymorphonuclear cells (PMNCs) were isolated from the whole blood using Histopaque solution and cultured in RPMI-enriched medium. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) level was determined by ELISA after 24 h of lipopolysaccharide stimulation. The antibacterial activity of OLE was determined by well diffusion assay. We found a significant decrease in TNFα secretion level in PMNCs culture treated with OLE. Oleuropein is the only OLE component that has shown anti-inflammatory effects at a concentration of 20 µg/mL. Furthermore, OLE exhibited antibacterial activity against some gram positive bacterial strains; however, gram negative bacterial strains were resistant to OLE. Downregulation of TNFα secretion in PMNCs culture in response to OLE treatment indicates that this polyphenol-rich extract has an anti-inflammatory effect, and oleuropein is the major OLE component responsible for this effect. The antibacterial activity of OLE is limited to gram positive bacteria.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Iridoides/farmacologia , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Olea/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Antibacterianos/análise , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/análise , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/química , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos , Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Conservantes de Alimentos/efeitos adversos , Conservantes de Alimentos/análise , Conservantes de Alimentos/química , Conservantes de Alimentos/farmacologia , Humanos , Glucosídeos Iridoides , Iridoides/efeitos adversos , Iridoides/análise , Lipopolissacarídeos/toxicidade , Neutrófilos/citologia , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Concentração Osmolar , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Staphylococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Background Nitrite salts are still common additives in the meat industry. The present study provides a first approach on the employment of the lyophilized aqueous extract (WE) of the Tunisian seaweed Cystoseira barbata for the quality enhancement of turkey meat sausage. Methods WE was supplemented as a natural antioxidant agent to investigate its effectiveness in delaying lipid oxidation turkey meat sausages containing reduced amounts of sodium nitrites. Results On storage day 5, all concentrations of WE (0.01-0.4â%) reduced the meat lipid oxidation by approximately 36â%, as compared to the negative control containing only 80 mg/kg of meat of sodium nitrites as antioxidant. It was noted that within 15 days of refrigerated storage, a meat system containing 80 mg/kg of meat of sodium nitrites and 0.02â% and 0.04â% of WE had similar Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) levels (19±1.32 and 17±1.12 µmol/kg of meat, respectively), which were comparable to the positive control containing sodium nitrites (150 mg/kg of meat) and 0.045â% vitamin C (18.46±1.27 µmol/kg of meat). In-depth, the metabolomic profiling using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography-quadripole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) analyses of the Tunisian seaweed C. barbata solvent extracts showed that the main active compounds were phenolic compounds, fatty acids and sterols. Conclusions Overall, the cold medium containing C. barbata lyophilized aqueous extrac, with strong antioxidant activity and antihypertensive properties, may open the way to the development of a natural quality enhancement strategy for new functional and ever healthier reduced nitrites meat sausages based on algae.
Assuntos
Conservantes de Alimentos/análise , Produtos da Carne/análise , Nitritos/análise , Phaeophyceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Alga Marinha/química , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Conservantes de Alimentos/efeitos adversos , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Nitritos/efeitos adversos , Oxirredução , PerusRESUMO
The present manuscript proposes a novel approach to assess the impact of food additives on human metabolism by analysing their effect on biomarker enzyme activity. Alterations in the activity of pancreatic enzymes, such as chymotrypsin and trypsin, which are affected by the most common food preservatives, sodium benzoate (E211), potassium sorbate (E202) and sorbic acid (E200), have been evaluated. The proteinase activity was analysed with a bioluminescent method using the light intensity decay constant. Our study revealed that the preservatives reduce proteinase activity by 50% (EC50) at a much lower concentration than their acceptable daily intake (ADI). Thus, sodium benzoate and sorbic acid have an inhibition effect on chymotrypsin at concentrations 14 times lower and 70 times lower than their ADI and this increases with exposure time. Food preservative consumption impacts negatively on protein digestion, which is especially dangerous for patients with pancreatitis.