Association between salivary characteristics and tooth wear: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Literature was systematically reviewed to identify salivary characteristics and their association with tooth wear. DATA: A protocol was developed a priori (PROSPERO CRD42022338590). Established systematic review methods were used for screening, data extraction, and synthesis. Risk of bias and the certainty of evidence were assessed using the JBI tools and GRADE, respectively. Direct and indirect association between tooth wear and salivary components and characteristics were assessed. SOURCES: MEDLINE, Embase, SCOPUS, Web of Science, CINAHL, and additional sources were searched. STUDY SELECTION: Studies reporting salivary characteristics in patients with tooth wear or models thereof were included. Animal and in-vitro studies and case reports were excluded. RESULTS: One-hundred eleven studies were included. Qualitative analyses showed a negative association between tooth wear and salivary pH and flow rate in many studies. The higher the study size the higher the chances that an association with pH and flow rate was found. Xerostomia, buffer capacity and salivary consistency/viscosity had also some degree of association with tooth wear in fewer studies. Associations with the 39 salivary components were scarcer. Random effects meta-analyses (7 studies) showed that pH levels in stimulated whole saliva were lower in patient with tooth wear compared to controls (-0.07 [-0.10 to -0.04]). However, there was not enough evidence to establish a quantitative association with flow rate. The general risk of bias was unclear and the certainty of evidence was low or very low. A large diversity of methodologies limited the inclusion of all studies in quantitative synthesis. CONCLUSION: From all potential risk factors, stimulated whole saliva pH showed a negative association, both quantitatively and qualitatively with tooth wear, indicating potential usefulness of pH monitoring in these patients. Moreover, associations between flow rate and tooth wear were observed qualitatively. However, in both cases the risk of bias was mostly unclear, and the certainty of evidence was low. No causal associations could be observed. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Tooth wear is a prevalent condition that may lead to functional or esthetic impairments and pain. Knowing the potential risk factors like salivary pH or flow rate and their dynamics could be relevant during tooth wear monitoring and to intervene accordingly, especially in conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Prevalence and association of gastroesophageal reflux disease and dental erosion: An overview of reviews.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this overview of reviews was to retrieve and evaluate the available evidence concerning the prevalence and association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and erosive tooth wear (ETW). DATA: A literature search was conducted in electronic databases and relative systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses were located. Updated supplemental search was also undertaken to identify additional primary studies. SOURCES: Medline (via Pubmed), Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Register of Systematic Reviews, PROSPERO and Epistemonikos.org database were searched. Additional search of the gray literature, abstracts of conferences and meetings as well as manual search of the reference lists of retrieved studies, was also performed. STUDY SELECTION: The search retrieved 116 systematic reviews of which 10 were considered eligible and eight additional primary studies. CONCLUSIONS: GERD constitutes a risk factor for ETW and there is a positive association between the two conditions. In the present overview, despite the heterogeneity between studies and the low level of evidence, it was clearly supported that individuals with GERD have an increased probability of also presenting with signs of ETW. In special groups of population, a high association was found between GERD and ETW. The geographic location may affect the association between GERD and ETW, while regarding the effect of flow rate, buffering capacity of saliva and oral microbial changes caused by GERD, the results were controversial. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Appropriate preventive dental care should be considered for individuals with GERD and a multidisciplinary medical and dental approach for the management of individuals with ETW is advised. The results of this study can be used by dentists dealing with typical and atypical GERD signs and symptoms in the oral environment, but also by the physicians and gastroenterologists who need to motivate their patients for oral examination.

A Brief History of Tooth Wear.

Historical publications that have significantly improved the understanding of tooth wear mechanisms are reviewed with a focus on descriptions of the lesions, the evolution of their classification systems, and considerations addressing the main risk factors. Surprisingly, most important advances are often the oldest. Likewise, they are currently only marginally known, which requires a major dissemination effort.

Influence of different ultra-soft toothbrushes on erosive tooth wear.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of different ultra-soft toothbrushes on the progression of erosive tooth wear (ETW). METHODS: Bovine enamel and dentin specimens (n = 10) were submitted to a 5-day erosive-abrasive cycling model (0.3% citric acid for 5 min, artificial saliva for 60 min, 4x/day). Toothbrushing was carried out 2x/day for 15 s, with the different toothbrushes tested (A- Edel White: flexible handle, tapered bristles; B- Oral-B Gengiva Detox: regular handle, criss-cross tapered bristles; C- Colgate Gengiva Therapy: flexible handle, tapered bristles, high tuft density; d- Oral-B Expert Gengiva Sensi: regular handle, round end bristles, high tuft density; E- Oral-B Indicator Plus: soft brush, round end bristles (control). Surface loss (SL, in µm) was assessed by optical profilometry. The toothbrush characteristics were evaluated by a surgical microscope. Data were statistically analyzed (α=0.05). RESULTS: For enamel, toothbrush C showed the highest SL (means±SD: 9.86 ± 1.28) and it did not differ significantly from A (8.60 ± 0.50), both with flexible handles. The lowest SL was observed for the toothbrush Control E (6.76 ± 0.63), which differed significantly from A and C, but not from the other toothbrushes. For dentin, the highest SL was found for toothbrush D (6.97 ± 1.05) and it did not differ significantly from E (6.23 ± 0.71). The lowest SL was observed for B (4.61 ± 0.71) and C (4.85 + 0.83), without significant differences from A (5.01 ± 1.24). CONCLUSIONS: The ultra-soft toothbrushes had different impacts on the progression of ETW on the dental substrates. On enamel, higher ETW values were observed for the flexible handle toothbrushes, while for dentin, round-end bristles (ultra-soft and soft) caused more ETW. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Knowledge about the effect of different ultra-soft toothbrushes on ETW can help clinicians to recommend the most suitable types for their patients, bearing in mind that toothbrushes can impact enamel and dentin differently.

Case Report: Case report: Rapidly progressing tooth wear dominated by intrinsic and extrinsic erosion.

Tooth wear is multi-factorial presenting as a combination of abrasion, attrition, and erosion. This case report represents a case of combined tooth wear in a 46-year-old Indo-Trinidadian male, with a predominant erosive component with both the clinical signs and features of intrinsic and extrinsic erosion. This patient case is unique since the wear predominated by dental erosion has occurred rapidly evidenced by the physical clinical appearance of a lack of compensation and the upper left premolars and molars relatively unaffected by the overall effects of tooth wear. This lack of compensation, where opposing teeth have not supra-erupted to maintain inter-arch stability, and the maintenance of occlusal vertical dimension on the left due to the non-worn posterior maxillary teeth, provides the benefit of simplifying subsequent restorative management. The medical and diet history corroborates the diagnoses of intrinsic and extrinsic erosion respectively. Complications noted with rapid tooth wear, such as dentine sensitivity and pulpal necrosis are known sequelae of tooth wear however the patient presented in this case report shows a concomitant high caries experience and poor oral hygiene. Cases such as the one presented here require not only comprehensive dental management, utilizing a restorative approach but also medical referral for confirmation of a diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Inherent to the management of this patient should be a multidisciplinary medical and dental approach, with confirmation and management of the cause of the intrinsic erosion as well as restorative dental management, together with dietary counseling to mitigate the effect of intrinsic and extrinsic sources of acid on dental hard tissue. A key lesson learned from this case is the importance of history and targeted questioning when trying to determine the cause of tooth wear dominated by intrinsic and extrinsic erosion.

Relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic factors with Erosive Tooth Wear in adults: a cross-sectional study.

The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic factors and a high cumulative score of the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) in a Chilean adult group. A cross-sectional study was performed with the Ethics Committee's approval from the Universidad de los Andes. A consecutive adult (18 to 46 years old) sampling (n = 553) from the Health Center in San Bernardo-Chile, was selected from September 2016 to January 2017. Dental exams were performed by two trained and calibrated examiners, according to the BEWE index. In order to search for potentially related factors, a hetero-applied questionnaire previously developed and evaluated was applied. Our interest was individuals with severe erosion tooth wear (BEWE ≥ 14). Logistic regression models reporting crude odds ratio (OR) and adjusted OR by age, 95% confidence interval (95%CI), and p-values were estimated. Variables, odds ratios and 95% CI related with BEWE ≥ 14 were: age (OR 1.1 [1.07-1.14]); currently drinking alcohol (OR 1.59 [1.06-2.39]); esophagitis (OR 8.22 [1.60-42.22]); difficulty to swallow (OR 2.45 [1.10-5.44]); chest pain (OR 2.07 [1.18-3.64]); anorexia (OR 3.82 [1.07-13.68]); vitamin C intake (OR 1.92 [1.08-3.43]). Age, alcohol consumption, self-reported esophagitis, history of gastric symptoms, anorexia, and vitamin C intake were related as risk factors to high BEWE scores in this sample of Chilean adults in San Bernardo, Chile.

Parkinson's disease, temporomandibular disorder pain and bruxism and its clinical consequences: a protocol of a single-centre observational outpatient study.

INTRODUCTION: A recent questionnaire-based study suggested that bruxism and painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD pain) may be more prevalent in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) compared with controls. The presence of both bruxism and TMD pain may negatively influence patients' quality of life. The present study is designed to clinically and more objectively investigate the presence of bruxism and TMD pain in patients with PD. The secondary aim of the study is to identify factors associated with bruxism and TMD pain in patients with PD, such as disease severity and dopaminergic medication usage. Furthermore, the presence of tooth wear in patients with PD will be studied as this can be a major consequence of bruxism. Finally, deviations in saliva composition that may contribute to tooth wear will be studied. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a single-centre observational outpatient study at the Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc. All patients with a clinical diagnosis of PD will be eligible for inclusion. Participants will fill in a set of questionnaires. Subsequently, patients will be examined clinically for, among others, TMD pain, presence and severity of tooth wear, and deviations in saliva composition. Sleep-time registrations will take place for 5 nights with the GrindCare GC4 (ie, a portable, single-channel electromyographic recorder) to assess sleep bruxism and simultaneously by the use of the BruxApp for 5 days to assess awake bruxism. We will partly use data collected during standard clinical care to minimise patient burden. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The scientific and ethical aspects of this study protocol have been approved by the Medical Ethics Review Committee of the Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc; NL. 2019.143. Informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, if relevant presented at conferences, and published as part of a PhD thesis. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NL8307.

Caries experience in adolescents 13-14 years with and without erosive tooth wear: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Erosive tooth wear (ETW) and dental caries have common etiological factors, such as unhealthy eating habits, and reduced salivary flow rate. AIM: To analyze the association between caries experience (CE) and ETW in adolescents 13-14 years. STUDY DESIGNS: Ninety-seven cases with distinctive ETW were identified and then sex-matched with a group of 97 controls and a group of 97 cases with initial ETW. The variables included were CE, presence of debris/dental calculus, salivary parameters, food and beverage consumption, chewable vitamin C tablet consumption, gastroesophageal reflux, frequent vomiting, and tooth brushing. Multinomial logistic regression models were adjusted. RESULTS: An association was found between cases with a distinctive ETW defect and CE (OR = 1.09 (95% CI: 1.01-1.17); p = 0.020), sweet carbonated drinks consumption (OR = 1.16 (95% CI: 1.03-1.31); p = 0.012), and frequent vomiting (OR = 3.19 (95% CI: 1.02-10.01); p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: The preventive management of both ETW and dental caries should aim to reduce exposure to foods and beverages with high acid and sugar content. Given the association between ETW and acid attack by gastric juice, this would be an indicator of the need for referral to a specialist for treatment.

Influência das características clínicas e fatores associados às lesões cervicais não-cariosas e tipo de resina composta sobre o sucesso restaurador: observações in silico, in vitro, in vivo e revisão sistemática / Influence of clinical characteristics and factors associated with non-carious cervical lesions and resin composite type on restorative success: in silico, in vitro, in vivo observations and systematic review

O presente trabalho teve como objetivos: (1) analisar, in silico, o efeito de diferentes técnicas restauradoras sobre a concentração de tensão em lesões cervicais não cariosas (LCNCs); (2) avaliar in silico e in vitro a influência do ângulo cavo-superficial sobre a concentração de tensão em LCNCs simuladas; (3) avaliar, in silico e in vitro, a influência da extensão da cavidade e do material restaurador na formação de fendas marginais, e na concentração de tensão em restaurações de resina composta; (4) avaliar, in vivo, a influência da geometria de LCNCs e material restaurador no desempenho clínico das restaurações e (5) analisar, por revisão sistemática e metanálise, a influência dos aspectos relacionados ao dente e cavidade de LCNCs sobre a retenção de restaurações de resina composta. Material e métodos: (1) Um pré-molar superior foi modelado em software CAD, e uma LCNC do tipo cunha foi simulada. Cinco técnicas restauradoras foram reproduzidas com as resinas Filtek™ Z350 XT (N) ou Filtek™ Bulk Fill (BF) e analisadas pelo software Ansys 17.0; (2) Cavidades cilíndricas com mesmo volume (17,67 mm³) foram preparadas em 45 incisivos bovinos. As amostras foram divididas de acordo com o ângulo cavo-superficial, em três grupos: 90º, 120º, 135º, e restauradas com o adesivo Futurabond U e resina GrandioSO. As fendas marginais foram medidas em estereomicroscópio, e análise por elementos finitos (FEA); (3) Cavidades simulando LCNCs com 2 mm (profundidade) C 4 mm (distância cérvico-incisal) foram preparadas em 60 incisivos bovinos em duas dimensões mésio-distais (2,9 mm ou 1,4 mm) e restauradas com N ou BF (n=30). A fenda marginal foi avaliada em estereomicroscópio antes e após da termociclagem, e realizada análise por FEA em cavidades iguais; (4) Cento e quarenta LCNCs foram restauradas em 77 pacientes. As lesões foram previamente classificadas quanto à extensão gengivooclusal (1,5 mm ± 10% e 3 mm ± 10%). Em seguida, as lesões foram alocadas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (n=35). Após a aplicação de um adesivo autocondicionante, as restaurações foram realizadas com N ou BF. As restaurações foram avaliadas após 7 dias, 6 e 12 meses pelos critérios USPHS modificados; (5) Buscas nas principais bases de dados eletrônicas foram realizadas. Estudos clínicos em pacientes com LCNCs restauradas com resina composta foram incluídos. A retenção da restauração foi o desfecho primário. A qualidade metodológica e risco de viés dos artigos incluídos foi avaliada utilizando a ferramenta Cochrane para ensaios clínicos randomizados e o sistema GRADE. Resultados: (1) A menor concentração de tensão ocorreu no grupo restaurado com resina BF; (2) O ângulo cavo-superficial de 90º promoveu maiores tensões na interface da restauração, com maior fenda marginal; (3) Ocorreu maior concentração de tensão na margem do esmalte, com maior pico de tensão (17,0 MPa) para cavidade pequena restaurada com resina N; (4) A taxa de retenção das restaurações após 12 meses foi de 100% para as LCNCs restauradas com N e de 97% para as LCNCs restauradas com BF; (5) A localização do dente e a presença de facetas de desgaste podem afetar a retenção de resinas compostas em LCNCs(AU)

The aim of the present study was (1) to analyze in silico the effect of different restorative techniques on the stress concentration in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs);(2) to evaluate in silico and in vitro the influence of cavosurface margin angle on stress concentration in simulated NCCLs; (3) to evaluate in silico and in vitro the influence of cavity extension and restorative material on the marginal gap formation, and on the stress concentration in resin restoration; (4) to evaluate in vivo the influence of the geometry of NCCLs and restorative material on the clinical performance of restoration and (5) to analyze, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, the influence of tooth- and cavity-related of NCCLs on the retention of resin composite restorations. Materials and Methods: (1) A superior premolar was modeled in CAD software, and a NCCLs of the wedge type was simulated. Five restorative techniques were designed with Filtek™ Z350 XT (N) or Filtek™ Bulk Fill (BF) and analyzed by Ansys 17.0 software; (2) Cylindrical cavities with the same volume (17.67 mm³) were prepared in 45 bovine incisors. The samples were divided according to the cavo-superficial angle in three groups: 90º, 120º, 135º, and restored with Futurabond U adhesive and GrandioSO resin. The marginal gaps were analyzed in stereomicroscope and FEA; (3) Cavities simulating NCCLs with 2 mm (depth) C 4 mm (cervical-incisal distance) were prepared in 60 bovine incisors in two mesiodistal dimensions (2.9 mm or 1.4 mm) and restored with N or BF (n=30. The marginal gap was evaluated using a stereomicroscope before and after thermocycling, and FEA analysis was performed in equal cavities; (4) One hundred and forty NCCLs were restored in 77 patients. The lesions were previously classified for occlusogingival distance (1.5 mm ± 10% and 3 mm ± 10%). Thereafter, the lesions were randomly allocated into four groups (n=35). After applying a self-etching adhesive, the restorations were performed using N or BF. The restorations were evaluated after 7 days, 6 and 12 months using the modified USPHS criteria; (5) Searches in major electronic databases were performed. Clinical studies in patients with NCCLs restored with resin composite were included. Restoration retention was the primary outcome. The quality of the evidence and risk of bias of the included articles was evaluated using the Cochrane tool for randomized clinical trials and the GRADE. Results: (1) The lowest concentration of stress occurred in the group restored with BF resin; (2) The cavosuperficial angle of 90º promoted higher stresses at the interface of the restoration, with a larger marginal gap; (3) Higher stress concentration occurred at the enamel margin, with highest stress peak (17.0 MPa) for small cavity restored with N; (4) The retention rate of the restorations after 12 months was 100% for the NCCLs restored with N and 97% for the NCCLs restored with BF; (5) The tooth location and the presence of wear facets can affect the retention of composite resins in NCCLs(AU)

Comportamento biomecânico de caninos desgastados por atrição frente a diferentes técnicas restauradoras / Canine guide reconstruction with diferente technics: influence on biomechanics properties

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o comportamento mecânico de materiais restauradores utilizados na reabilitação da guia canino. O estudo foi dividido em uma etapa in sílico e outra in vitro. Dez modelos 3D de dentes caninos hígidos foram obtidos por engenharia reversa e utilizados como Grupo Controle (n = 10) para o teste in sílico por meio da análise por elementos finitos (FEA). Um desgaste incisal de 2 mm foi simulado em cada amostra 3D e reabilitado com restauração incisal direta de resina composta (Grupo IRC, n = 10) e indireta de cerâmica (Grupo IC, n = 10). Os mesmos modelos também receberam, além do desgaste incisal, um preparo vestibular para faceta laminada, restaurados com os mesmos materiais, compondo os Grupos FRC (faceta de resina composta, n = 10) e FC (faceta cerâmica, n = 10). Os modelos foram exportados para um software de engenharia assistida por computador (CAE) e as geometrias foram transformadas em malhas de elementos tetraédricos, consideradas sólidas, isotrópicas, homogêneas e lineares. Uma carga de 100 N foi aplicada simulando a desoclusão pelo canino para análise mecânica estrutural dinâmica. A deformação total foi mensurada e a tensão máxima principal foi usada como critério de falha. Com base nos resultados da avaliação in sílico, dois tipos de restauração foram selecionados para a fase in vitro, onde realizou-se um ensaio mecânico de fadiga para análise do desgaste. Trinta dentes caninos hígidos foram distribuídos em três grupos: Controle (n = 10), IRC (n = 10) e FC (n = 10). As amostras foram submetidas ao ensaio de fadiga em cicladora mecânica com deslizamento de 2 mm por 240.000 ciclos, carga de 49 N e 4 Hz de frequência, imersas em água em temperatura ambiente. A cada 60.000 ciclos as amostras foram moldadas e seus modelos escaneados para avaliação da quantidade de desgaste através da técnica de correlação por imagem digital, quantificando a perda de estrutura a cada intervalo. As técnicas restauradoras com resina composta sofreram maior deformação total, tendo a cerâmica um comportamento semelhante ao dente hígido. A probabilidade de falha no movimento de desoclusão foi menor na cerâmica. Para o desgaste, não houve diferença significante entre grupos experimentais até 180.000 ciclos. Aos 240.000 ciclos, a resina composta apresentou maior desgaste que a cerâmica (p = 0,02). Todos os grupos provocaram desgaste em seus antagonistas, mas não houve diferença significante entre eles (p < 0,05). Dentro das limitações deste estudo, pode-se concluir que os laminados cerâmicos apresentaram menor desgaste, deformação e probabilidade de falha na restauração da guia canino. Ainda, a anatomia do dente e o tipo de restauração influenciaram o comportamento dos materiais(AU)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical behavior of materials restorative used in rehabilitation of canine guide. The study was divided in two parts in silico and in vitro test. Ten 3D models of sound canine teeth were obtained by reverse engineering technique and used as Control Group (n = 10) to in silico test by finite elements analysis (FEA). A 2 mm wear were simulated in each 3D sample and restored according to restorative material; Group IRC (Incisal Composite Resin, n=10) and Group IC (Incisal Ceramic, n = 10). Laminate preparations were modeled and restored with the same materials, Group FRC (Laminate Composite Resin, n=10) and Group FC (Laminate Ceramic, n = 10). All models were exported to Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) software, the geometries were meshed with tetrahydric elements and all contacts were considered perfectly bonded. The load simulated the canine guide (100 N) and the assembly was constrained at the bottom surface to run a structural mechanic dynamic analysis. The Total Deformation was measured and Maximum Principal Stress was used as failure criteria. Thirty sound canine tooth were divided in three groups to in vitro test; Control (n = 10), IRC (n = 10) and FC (n = 10). The samples were subjected to the fatigue test in a wear machine for 240.000 cycles, load of 49 N, frequency of 4 Hz, sliding distance of 2 mm in water at room temperature. The samples were molded every 60.000 cycles and their models scanned to evaluate wear by digital image correlation. Composite resin groups showed higher total deformation and ceramic groups had a more similar behavior to the control group. The probability of failure was lower for the ceramic in the canine guidance. For wear, there was no significant difference between groups up to 180.000 cycles. After 240.000 cycles, the wear was greater in the IRC group (p = 0,02). The wear of the antagonists was not statistically different between groups. Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the ceramic laminates showed less wear, deformation and probability of failure in restoring of the canine guide. In addition, anatomy of the tooth and type of restoration influenced the behavior of the materials(AU)

Impact of restorative treatment of tooth wear upon masticatory performance.

OBJECTIVE: The restorative treatment of generalized tooth wear involves an increase in vertical dimension of occlusion and a comprehensive alteration of occlusal morphology. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a direct adhesive restorative treatment on masticatory performance parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 23 fully dentate adult generalized tooth wear patients (17 male, 6 female, age 41.7 ±â€¯8.3 years) undergoing direct composite restorative treatment was selected. Before and one month after restorative treatment with resin bonded composite restorations, masticatory performance was evaluated using 1) a comminution test, 2) a maximum voluntary bite force recording and 3) the sum score of five items related to eating and chewing from the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49) questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using a paired t-test, and analysis per OHIP item was done by a McNemar test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in median particle size (X50) calculated before and after treatment (4.19 ±â€¯0.97 and 4.03 ±â€¯0.76, respectively, p = 0.327). Maximum voluntary bite force decreased significantly after treatment (baseline 389 ±â€¯90 N, one month recall 323 ±â€¯173 N, p = 0.028). The sum score of the five OHIP items significantly decreased after treatment (baseline 10.6 ±â€¯4.8, one month recall 6.6 ±â€¯2.5, p = 0.001), with the item regarding unsatisfactory diet showing the largest significance (p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the restorative treatment of generalized tooth wear using direct resin bonded composite has no significant short-term effect on masticatory performance as measured with a comminution test, although the self-reported ability to eat and chew, as measured by the sum score of all pertaining OHIP items, did significantly improve. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: On individual level, food comminution could be influenced by restorative treatment with increase of vertical dimension of occlusion, but at group level no significant effect is observed. Nevertheless, tooth wear patients do perceive improved ability to eat and chew foods, which is clinically relevant.

Avaliação do desempenho de duas resinas compostas e dois sistemas adesivos em um novo protocolo cirúrgico-restaurador para tratamento de lesões cervicais não-cariosas associadas à recessão gengival: estudo clínico controlado randomizado / Evaluation of two resin composites and two adhesives for a novel surgical-restorative protocol for the treatment of non-carious cervical lesions associated with gingival recession: a randomized controlled clinical trial

A recessão gengival está frequentemente associada à lesão cervical não-cariosa. Quando as duas lesões estão associadas, dão origem a uma lesão combinada (LC) que tem um prognóstico de tratamento diferente de quando as duas lesões se apresentam sozinhas. A literatura apresenta alguns estudos que avaliaram uma abordagem multidisciplinar para otimizar o tratamento dessa LC. No entanto, as abordagens propostas possuem limitações de técnicas e materiais, sem um protocolo clínico ideal estabelecido. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar um novo protocolo multidisciplinar, com duas resinas compostas e dois sistemas adesivos distintos através de estudo clínico randomizado. Foram selecionadas 80 lesões combinadas, alocadas aleatoriamente em um dos seguintes grupos: AC+NP (n=20) - restauração parcial da lesão cervical com resina nanoparticulada e sistema adesivo de condicionamento total em 2 passos e cirurgia para recobrimento radicular, AU+NP (n=20) - restauração parcial da lesão cervical com resina nanoparticulada e sistema adesivo autocondicionante e cirurgia para recobrimento radicular, AC+MH (n=20) - restauração parcial da lesão cervical com resina microhíbrida e sistema adesivo de condicionamento total em 2 passos e cirurgia para recobrimento radicular, AU+MH (n=20) - restauração parcial da lesão cervical com resina microhíbrida e sistema adesivo autocondicionante e cirurgia para recobrimento radicular. Foram realizadas avaliações das restaurações pelo método USPHS após 1 semana, 6 meses e 12 meses. A análise de sobrevivência das restaurações foi realizada através do teste de Kaplan-Meier. Os protocolos restauradores foram comparados para cada parâmetro pelo teste exato de Fisher, considerando tipo de adesivo e tipo de resina empregados. Teste de Qui-Quadrado foi utilizado para comparação das taxas após 6 e 12 meses entre os grupos testados. A avaliação da normalidade foi realizada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilks. As medidas clínicas de RGR, PS, NIC, ETQ, ATQ, Hipersensibilidade Dentinária e Estética (VAS) foram comparadas tanto intra como intergrupo por teste de variância de medidas repetidas ANOVA de dois fatores e Tukey com teste post-hoc. IP, IS foram avaliados pelo teste de Qui-Quadrado. Os parâmetros de DC, Porcentagem de recobrimento e RecRed foram analisados pelo ANOVA 1 fator. Pôde-se observar uma taxa de sucesso geral cumulativo do tratamento de 98,7% aos 6 primeiros meses e 92,4% aos 12 meses de acompanhamento, sem diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os tempos e grupos avaliados. Todos os grupos apresentaram melhora estética e redução de hipersensibilidade significativa em relação ao baseline (p<0,001) após 6 meses. Houve redução significativa da recessão gengival relativa (p<0,05) após 12 meses de acompanhamento. Dentro dos limites do presente estudo, pode-se concluir que os materiais utilizados apresentaram desempenho clínico similares, sendo que as diferentes combinações de materiais restauradores adesivos estudados associados às técnicas cirúrgicas utilizadas podem ser empregadas no tratamento das lesões cervicais não-cariosas associadas a recessão gengival(AU)

Non-carious cervical lesion is frequently associated with gingival recession, resulting in a combined lesion (CL) that has a different treatment prognosis when the two lesions appear alone. The literature presents few studies that evaluate a multidisciplinary approach to optimize the treatment of this CL. The previously proposed approaches and materials have limitations and an optimal clinical protocol has not been established yet. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate a novel multidisciplinary protocol with two resin composites and two different adhesive systems by a randomized clinical. Eighty combined lesions were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: NP + TE (n = 20) - partial restoration of cervical lesions with nanofilled composite and total-etch adhesive system and periodontal surgery for root coverage, NP + UA (n =20) - partial restoration of cervical lesions with nanofilled composite and self-etching adhesive system and periodontal surgery for root coverage, MH + TE (n = 20) - partial restoration of cervical lesions with microhybrid composite and total-etch adhesive system and periodontal surgery for root coverage, MH + UA (n = 20) - partial restoration of cervical lesions with microhybrid composite and selfetching adhesive system and periodontal surgery for root coverage. Restorations were assessed using the USPHS criteria after one week, six months and twelve months. Survival rate was assessed by Kaplan-Meier test. Restorative protocols were compared for each parameter by Fisher's exact test, considering type of adhesive and type of composite used. Chi-square test was used to compare the rates at 6 and 12 months between the groups tested. Normality evaluation was assessed by Shapiro-Wilks test. Clinical measures of RGR, PS, NIC, KTW, KTH, Hipersensitivity and Esthetics (VAS) were compared both intra and inter-group by analysis of variance of repeated measures Two-Way ANOVA and Tukey posthoc test. IP, IS were evaluated by Chi-square test. CD parameter, Coverage percentage and RecRed were evaluated by One-Way ANOVA. It was observed a successful cumulative rate of 98.7 % at 6 months and 92.4 % at 12 months with no significant difference between groups. When compared to baseline, all groups presented significant improvement in esthetics and reduction of hipersensitivity at 6 months (p<0.001). Significant reduction of gingival recession was recorded after 12 months (p<0.05). It can be concluded that there is no difference between the tested materials, and different combinations of adhesive restorative materials associated with periodontal surgical techniques can be used to treat non-carious cervical lesions associated with gingival recession(AU)

Evaluation of tooth wear and associated risk factors: A matched case-Control study.

AIM: The aim of this case-control study was to compare the associated risk factors between adults with tooth wear (TW) and age- and sex-matched controls without TW. METHODS: Fifty participants with TW and 50 age- and sex-matched controls participated in this study. A questionnaire was prepared to assess oral healthcare and consumption of erosive food and drinks. All participants completed the diet analysis forms. Saliva characteristics were evaluated with GC Saliva-Check BUFFER test. Examiners measured the TW of case patients, using the TW index. Data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U-tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Individuals in the case group brush their teeth more often (P < 0.05). The difference in erosive food consumption between the case and control groups was significant (P < 0.05). There was no erosive effect of acidic food when consumed as a main meal or a snack (P > 0.05). Although there was no difference between stimulated saliva flow rate and buffering capacity between groups, the difference between the resting saliva flow rates and pH values was significant (P < 0.05). Although some wear was seen on buccal/labial surfaces of teeth, cervical and occlusal/incisal surfaces were scored higher. No TW was observed on palatal/lingual surfaces. The cervical surfaces of mandibular premolars and incisal surfaces of anterior teeth were most affected. CONCLUSION: Of the factors investigated, TW in the case group was correlated with consumption of acidic foods, lower salivary flow rate, and pH.

Impact of tooth wear on masticatory performance.

OBJECTIVE: Masticatory performance is influenced by a number of variables such as age, gender, bite force, and occlusal units. Tooth wear may also play a role due to changes in occlusal area and in vertical dimension of occlusion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tooth wear on masticatory performance, using a communition test. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with different degrees of tooth wear, referred by their general dental practitioners, and included in the Radboud Tooth Wear Project, were approached for this study and included after informed consent. The amount of post canine wear was scored with the Tooth Wear Index (TWI). The number of occluding posterior units was quantified and the bite force was measured using a transducer. Masticatory performance was measured with a communition test, with the median particle size (X50) after 20 chewing cycles as outcome measure. A multiple regression model was used to assess the relation between TWI, age, gender, bite force, occlusal units and X50. RESULTS: 52 participants (40 male, 12 female, mean age: 40 ±â€¯8.2y) were included in the study. The post canine TWI-score was between 1.0-3.3. The average number of occlusal units per participant was 11.9 ±â€¯1.4 and the mean bite force 369 ±â€¯172 N. The mean X50 was 4.2 ±â€¯1.1. The results showed no significant relation between post canine TWI-score, age, gender, bite force, and occlusal units upon the X50 (p > 0.13). CONCLUSION: This study showed that the degree of tooth wear could not be observed to have an effect on masticatory performance. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: On individual level an effect could be present but looking at a larger group of patients, the degree of tooth wear did not have a relation with masticatory performance as measured with a communition test.

Equine cheek teeth occlusal fissures: Prevalence, association with dental wear abnormalities and occlusal angles.

BACKGROUND: Fissures of the occlusal surface of equine cheek teeth are commonly encountered during oral examination but their aetiology is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence and characteristics of occlusal fissures in cadaver teeth. It is hypothesised that their prevalence is influenced by masticatory forces. Consequently, their possible association with wear disorders and occlusal angles were examined. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. METHODS: The dental abnormalities and occlusal fissure findings in the cheek teeth of 143 cadaver heads were recorded. The cheek teeth occlusal angles were measured using the stiff-hinge technique. Multiple regression analyses were performed to establish possible relationships between age, sex, dental wear, occlusal angle and fissure prevalence. RESULTS: Occlusal fissures were found in 103/143 (72%) heads. Sex and age were determining factors in the prevalence of fissures. A similar prevalence was found in mandibular (54.1%) and maxillary teeth (45.9%, OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 0.95-1.29, P = 0.2). Mandibular fissures were more commonly located on the buccal aspect (OR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.16-1.65, P < 0.001), whereas for maxillary fissures there was no difference in prevalence between palatal and buccal aspects (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 0.97-1.46, P = 0.1). Two main fissure types were identified. Type 1a fissures were the most prevalent type (39.5%). No significant correlation was found between the presence of wear abnormalities or the occlusal angle of cheek teeth, and the prevalence of fissures. MAIN LIMITATIONS: No dental histories were available. CONCLUSION: Equine cheek teeth show a high prevalence of occlusal fissures. Despite some evidence of predilection sites on the tooth surface that might indicate a mechanical aetiology for these lesions, no associations were found with wear abnormalities or occlusal angles of affected cheek teeth. Further histological and ultrastructural studies are warranted to elucidate their aetiology and possible role in other dental diseases.

Evaluation of the association of bruxism, psychosocial and sociodemographic factors in preschoolers.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate factors associated with sleep bruxism in five-year-old preschool children. A preschool-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 761 pairs of children and their parents/caregivers. Sleep bruxism was diagnosed using a questionnaire administered to the parents/caregivers, who also answered questionnaires addressing sociodemographic data and parent's/caregiver's sense of coherence. Clinical oral evaluations of the children to determine dental caries, traumatic dental injuries, malocclusion and tooth wear were performed by two researchers who had undergone a training exercise (interexaminer Kappa: 0.70 to 0.91; intraexaminer Kappa: 0.81 to 1.00). Descriptive analysis and logistic regression for complex samples were carried out (α = 5%). The prevalence of sleep bruxism among the preschool children was 26.9%. The multivariate analysis revealed that bruxism was associated with poor sleep quality (OR = 2.93; 95 CI: 1.52-5.65) and tooth wear (OR = 2.34; 95%CI: 1.39-3.96). In the present study, sleep bruxism among preschool children was associated with tooth wear and poor sleep quality of the child. In contrast, psychosocial aspects (sense of coherence) were not associated with sleep bruxism.

General and erosive tooth wear of 16-year-old adolescents in Kuantan, Malaysia: prevalence and association with dental caries.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of general tooth wear (GTW), i.e. tooth wear irrespective of etiology and erosive tooth wear (ETW), i.e. tooth wear predominantly due to erosion; and also to investigate the relationship between ETW and dental caries experience in 16-year-old adolescents in Kuantan, Malaysia. METHODS: A multi-staged cluster sampling method was employed. A total of 598 16-year-old adolescents participated in this study. Participants' demographic profile was assessed through a self-administered questionnaire. Clinical examinations were carried out under standardized conditions by a single examiner. The level of GTW was recorded using the modified Smith and Knight's Tooth Wear Index (TWI) whilst ETW were recorded using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) index. This index was developed to record clinical findings and assist in the decision-making process for the management of erosive tooth wear. Dental caries was recorded using the D3MFT index whereby D3 denotes obvious dental decay into dentine detected visually. RESULTS: The prevalence of GTW, ETW and dental caries, i.e. percentage of individuals found to have at least one lesion, was 99.8%, 45.0% and 27.8% respectively. Two thirds of affected teeth with GTW were observed to have a TWI score of 1 whereas almost all of the affected teeth with ETW had a BEWE score of 2. The mean D3MFT was 0.62 (95% CI 0.50, 0.73) with Decayed (D) teeth being the largest component, mean D3T was 0.36 (95% CI 0.30, 0.43). There was no significant association between socio-demographic factors and prevalence of ETW. Logistic regression analysis also showed no significant relationship between the prevalence of ETW and D3MFT (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Almost all adolescents examined had GTW but they were mainly early lesions. However, nearly half were found to have ETW of moderate severity (BEWE score 2). No significant relationship between the occurrence of erosive tooth wear and caries was observed in this population.

Caracterização microestrutural de um esmalte dentário submetido à radiação ionizante e ensaio de desgaste antagonizados por uma cerâmica híbrida / Microstructural characterization of a gamma irradiated dental enamel and wear performance antagonized by a hybrid ceramic

A radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço pode alterar e causar danos à estrutura dentária. Anteriormente a radioterapia, estes pacientes devem passar por consultas e tratamento odontológico orais, sugerindo a cerâmica híbrida como escolha para reabilitações orais, uma vez que esta cerâmica apresenta a característica de menor desgaste do dente. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de radiação ionizante sobre: o comportamento mecânico e estrutural da cerâmica híbrida; as propriedades mecânicas e químicas do esmalte dentário; o desempenho do esmalte dentário irradiado e dois materiais antagonistas distintos (Enamic e Esteatita). Para isto, discos de Enamic e os fragmentos dentais foram submetidos às doses diárias de 2 Gy; totalizando as doses: 0, 20, 40 e 70 Gy (esmalte e Enamic), e, 50 Gy e 60 Gy (esmalte). Após a radiação, as cerâmicas foram analisadas mecanicamente pelos testes de: dureza e flexão biaxial, e, quimicamente pelo FT-IR. Enquanto, os fragmentos de dentes (n = 60) foram observados: a degradação estrutural por FT-IR e DR-X (n=5), a nanodureza e módulo elástico (n = 10), teste de riscamento (n = 3) e desgaste antagonizados por Enamic e Esteatita (n = 10). Os dados foram submetidos aos testes ANOVA (1 e 2 fatores) e Tukey. Mediante os resultados observados, conclui-se que a radiação ionizante não alterou as propriedades da cerâmica híbrida e as propriedades cristalinas do esmalte dentário, porém, alterou a dureza, o módulo elástico, a resistência ao riscamento, a composição química (degradação do colágeno) e desgaste do esmalte dentário(AU)

The head and neck radiotherapy treatment can change and damage the dental structure. Before the radiotherapy treatment, the patients should have a dental consultation and to submit to dentistry treatments, suggesting the hybrid ceramics material are suggested as the choice to oral rehabilitations, for this material shows the characteristic of less damage of the tooth. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of gamma irradiation on: mechanical and structural behavior of hybrid ceramics; mechanical and chemical properties of dental enamel; the wear performance of irradiated dental enamel and two distinct antagonist materials (Enamic and Steatite). For that, Enamic discs (ISO 6872) and dental fragments were submitted to daily irradiation doses of 2 Gy; about the doses adding up to: 0, 20, 40 and 70 Gy (enamel and Enamic), and, 50 Gy and 60 Gy (enamel only). Then Following that procedure, ceramics were analyzed for: hardness (n = 4), biaxial flexural (n = 10) and chemically by FT-IR (n = 2). While In the meantime, 60 fragments of third molars were observed about: structural degradation by FT-IR and DR-X (n = 5), nano hardness and elastic modulus (n = 10), scratch test (n = 3), chewing simulator test antagonized by: Enamic and steatite (n = 10). The data were submitted to ANOVA- 1Way, and ANOVA-Two Way and Tukey's Test. It is This study concluded that: gamma irradiation did not affect the properties of the hybrid ceramics and the crystalline properties of the dental enamel; however, composition and mechanical properties were affected, such as: hardness, elastic modulus, scratch resistance, chemical composition (collagen degradation) and tooth enamel wear(AU)

Evaluation of the association of bruxism, psychosocial and sociodemographic factors in preschoolers

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate factors associated with sleep bruxism in five-year-old preschool children. A preschool-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 761 pairs of children and their parents/caregivers. Sleep bruxism was diagnosed using a questionnaire administered to the parents/caregivers, who also answered questionnaires addressing sociodemographic data and parent's/caregiver's sense of coherence. Clinical oral evaluations of the children to determine dental caries, traumatic dental injuries, malocclusion and tooth wear were performed by two researchers who had undergone a training exercise (interexaminer Kappa: 0.70 to 0.91; intraexaminer Kappa: 0.81 to 1.00). Descriptive analysis and logistic regression for complex samples were carried out (α = 5%). The prevalence of sleep bruxism among the preschool children was 26.9%. The multivariate analysis revealed that bruxism was associated with poor sleep quality (OR = 2.93; 95 CI: 1.52-5.65) and tooth wear (OR = 2.34; 95%CI: 1.39-3.96). In the present study, sleep bruxism among preschool children was associated with tooth wear and poor sleep quality of the child. In contrast, psychosocial aspects (sense of coherence) were not associated with sleep bruxism.

The relationship between pathological wear of teeth and temporomandibular joint dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD) is quite frequent pathology in population. In scientific literature pathological tooth wear (PTW) is listed among the predisposing factors of it. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the survey 189 primary patients of dental department in polyclinic of Panevezys city were examined. According to the tooth wear degree 2 groups have been formed: control group (grade 0-1) withouth TMJ dysfunction; and experimental group (grade 2-4) with presumable TMJD. RESULTS: In experimental group tooth wear of anterior and posterior region increases with age respectively (p<0.05). It was also found that centric occlusion (CO) and relative rest heights difference increases with age in the control group (p<0.05) as well as the experimental group (p=0.001). In patients with diagnosed TMJD the difference between heights in CO and relative rest was bigger than in patients without TMJD (p=0.039). In the experimental group TMJD was diagnosed the most of patients grade-4 in 90%. The most common symptom is joint sounds was observed in 72.2%. CONCLUSIONS: 35-50 and over 50 age groups of patients had a higher first molars degree of wear than the younger ones. In patients with diagnosed TMJD the difference between heights in CO and relative rest was bigger than in patients without TMJD. TMJD symptoms and of posterior teeth pathological wear interface hypothesis confirmed. In the experimental group TMJD was diagnosed the most common in 90% of patients grade-4. The most common symptom is "Nutcracker" of experimental group patients 77.2%.