Hidatidose policística no norte do Brasil: abordagem parasitológica e histopatológica de pacas e casos humanos / Polycystic hydatid in northern Brazil: parasitological and histopathological approach from human and pacas cases

A hidatidose policística é uma zoonose causada pelo cestóide Echinococcus vogeli, amplamente distribuído no norte do Brasil. Os hospedeiros definitivos são Speothos venaticus (cachorro-vinagre) e Canis familiaris (cães domésticos), enquanto Agouti paca (paca) é hospedeiro intermediário. Tanto as pacas quanto o homem (hospedeiro acidental) desenvolvem a forma larvar (metacestóide), principalmente na superfície e no interior do fígado. Esta tese tem como objetivo geral estudar as características parasitológicas e histopatológicas de metacestóides de E. vogeli, originários de pacas e humanos da região norte do Brasil, visto o conhecimento insuficiente ou mesmo o seu desconhecimento. Os fígados e mesentérios foram obtidos de oito pacientes com hidatidose policística durante ato cirúrgico na Fundação Hospital Estadual do Acre. Pacas foram capturadas no Município de Bujari, Floresta Estadual do Antimary, Acre. Durante a necropsia das pacas, foram observadas lesões macroscópicas (massas esbranquiçadas ou amareladas, semelhantes a bolhas na superfície dos fígados). Para a análise parasitológica foram aplicadas as microscopias de luz, contraste interferencial de Normaski (DIC) e varredura laser confocal. A análise morfométrica foi realizada com o auxílio do Programa Image Pro Plus Media Cybernetics. Os órgãos de pacas e humanos foram submetidos à análise histopatológica. Os pequenos e grandes ganchos rostelares apresentaram polimorfismo morfológico, enquanto a organização dos protoescólices acompanhou o padrão descrito para Echinococcus sp. Todas as pacas apresentavam cistos hepáticos, porém em apenas duas encontramos líquido hidático, comprovados pela presença dos ganchos e protoescólices. A análise histopatológica dos tecidos hepáticos das pacas confirmou a hidatidose policística e evidenciou, pela presença de agrupamentos de ovos, a coinfecção com Calodium hepaticum. As características morfológicas dos ganchos rostelares dos casos humanos não diferiram...

Polycystic hydatidosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the cestode Echinococcus vogeli, largely distributed in northern Brazil. The definitive hosts are Speothos venaticus (bush dogs) and Canis familiaris (domestic dogs), while Agouti paca (paca) is the intermediate host. Both the pacas and man (accidental host) develop the larval form (metacestodes), mainly on the surface and inside the liver. This thesis aims to study histopathological and parasitological characteristics of metacestodes of E. vogeli, from pacas and humans of the north region of Brazil, seen the insufficient knowledge or lack of it. The mesentery and livers were recovered from eight patients with polycystic hydatidosis during surgery in the Acre State Hospital Foundation. Pacas were captured in the municipality of Bujari, Antimary State Forest, Acre. During the pacas necropsy, macroscopic lesions were observed (whitish or yellowish masses, similar to blisters on the surface of the liver). Identification analyses were applied to light microscopy, interferential contrast microscopy of Normaski (DIC) and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Morphometric analysis was performed by Image Pro Plus Media Cybernetics program. The pacas and human organs were subjected to histopathological analysis. The small and large rostellar hooks presented morphological polymorphism while protoscoleces organisation accompanied the pattern described in Echinococcus sp. All pacas presented liver cysts, however in only two found proven by the presence of hydatid fluid, hooks and protoscoleces. Histopathological analysis of pacas’ hepatic tissues confirmed polycystic hydatidosis and evidenced by the presence of eggs clusters the Calodium hepaticum coinfection. The morphological characteristics of human cases rostellar hooks did not differ from described to the pacas; however, the hooks were greater than the mesenteric ones. Already in relation to protoscoleces, the mesenteric ones were larger than the liver...

Giant multiple intra-abdominal hydatid cysts.

BACKGROUND: Hydatid disease is endemic in the cattle grazing areas. It is a parasitic infection caused by the Echinoccocus Granulosus. Dogs are the definitive host and humans get infected either by contact with the definitive host or by consuming hydatid ova contaminated vegetables. METHODS: A 42 yr old lady presented with shortness of breath on exertion, orthopnea and progressively increasing abdominal distention. She had past history of hydatid disease and had three laparatomies and a right thoracotomy, in the past five years. On physical examination, she had a distended, non-tender abdomen.. Her routine laboratory investigations were normal. Echinococcus antibody titres were 1:64 (Normal 1:32). Computed Tomography (CT) scan revealed multiple, well defined cysts throughout the abdomen. Laparotmy and right thoracotomy was planned. RESULTS: Patient refused to undergo any further surgical procedure. She was discharged from the clinic with a prescription ofAlbendazole 400 mg twice a day for an indefinite period. CONCLUSION: Symptomatic or large cysts should be surgically treated. In cases suspected of having peritoneal spillage, antihelminthic drugs should be administered. In addition, small asymptomatic cysts, some daughter cysts, and peritoneal secondary cysts and splenic cysts may also be effectively treated with Albendazole.

Parasitic central nervous system infections: echinococcus and schistosoma.

Central nervous system (CNS) manifestations of Echinococcus and Schistosoma infections occur throughout the world, with incidence increasing in developed regions. A detailed literature review generated a current summary on epidemiology, parasitology, pathology, clinical manifestations, imaging studies, diagnosis, and treatment of neuroechinococcosis and neuroschistosomiasis. Recent advancements have been made in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these parasitic CNS infections. Ongoing advancements in neuroimaging and diagnostic studies, as well as efforts to better understand the parasite genome and host-parasite relationships, will likely continue to improve patient management.

Echinococcus granulosus strain typing in Bulgaria: the G1 genotype is predominant in intermediate and definitive wild hosts.

Addressing the genetic variability in Echinococcus granulosus is epidemiologically important, as strain characteristics may influence the local transmission patterns of zoonotic cystic echinococcosis. To classify the genotype(s) present in intermediate (pig, cattle and sheep) and definitive (jackal and wolf) hosts in Bulgaria, a DNA-based approach was used to assess parasite protoscoleces or strobiles. Genes corresponding to coding and non-coding regions of the nuclear and mitochondrial genome ( ND-1, HBX, Act II, AgB-1) were amplified by PCR and subsequently sequenced. The sequences resolved were all found to be identical to those published for the common sheep strain of E. granulosus, indicating that the G1 genotype is predominant in Bulgaria. One microvariant for ND-1 was found in the pig isolates; however no epidemiological significance was attributed to this finding.

Diagnosis of abdominal hydatid cyst disease: the role of ultrasound and ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology.

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the role of ultrasound (US) imaging and US-guided fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis and management of abdominal hydatid cyst disease (HCD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The medical records of 55 diagnosed cases of HCD seen between January 1986 and December 2000 at Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital and Al-Amiri Hospital in Kuwait were reviewed for demographic and clinical data, including radiology and serology. The US findings of the patients were classified into four types as follows: type I: single or multiple well-defined cysts, with or without detached or collapsed wall and with or without echogenic contents; type II: single or multiple cysts with peripheral cysts, with or without echogenic contents; type III: solid or semisolid lesions, and type IV: cysts with calcified walls. RESULTS: The overall accuracy of US in the diagnosis of HCD was 80% (44/55 cases). US examination was suggestive of HCD type I, 16/19 (84%), type II, 21/23 (91%), type III, 3/8 (38%), and type IV, 4/5 (80%). For the 11 remaining undiagnosed cases, US was useful for localizing the lesions for US-guided fine needle aspiration cytology. It established the diagnosis in all the 11 cases, without precipitating complications. CONCLUSION: US alone was valuable for diagnosing and localizing HCD in the abdomen except for solid-type lesions. US-guided fine needle aspiration cytology was useful in localizing and establishing the diagnosis of HCD in the cases where US alone was ineffective.

Hydatid disease in Australia.

Human hydatidosis is caused by infection with the cystic stage of the hydatid tapeworm of dogs, Echinococcus granulosus. Although the disease is entirely preventable, the prevalence of hydatidosis in Australia has not decreased since the first surveys were taken in the early part of this century. Principal reasons for this appear to be a general lack of knowledge of the life history, epidemiology and control methods for E. granulosus, coupled with ineffective community based eradication campaigns. The purpose of this paper is to briefly discuss the important facts relevant to control and eventual eradication of hydatid disease.

A review of echinococcal disease.

Echinococcal infestation, although still a rare occurrence in most of the United States, is being seen with increasing frequency. Three cases of hepatic echinococcosis are described. A review of the salient features of the disease is presented along with various aspects of diagnosis and therapy.