Influências paradigmáticas na formação docente de nível técnico do enfermeiro / Paradigmatic influences on technical nursing education / Influencias paradigmáticas en entrenamiento de profesores de nivel técnico de enfermería

Objetivo: Quantificar a produção científica publicada nos últimos 20 anos, sobre a formação técnica em enfermagem e discutir com base no paradigma ecossistêmico. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada via online na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde nas bases de dados da Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Índice Bibliográfico Espanhol de Ciências da Saúde e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online. A amostra constituiu-se de 05 artigos científicos completos selecionados observando os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. A descrição dos artigos foi realizada por análise estatística descritiva e os dados, foram analisados por análise de conteúdo na modalidade, análise temática. Resultados: Emergiu uma categoria, assim especificada: A influência do modelo cartesiano na formação técnica em enfermagem. Conclusão: Aponta-se uma emergente necessidade de repensar velhos paradigmas e inserir novas perspectivas conceituais para a Educação Profissional que fundamentem a formação do técnico em enfermagem

Objective: The objective of this work was to quantify the number of scientific publications on technical nursing education over 20 years (1996- 2016) and discuss them in light of the ecosystem paradigm. Methods: This integrative literature review with a descriptive-exploratory approach was performed using the following online databases: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) [Virtual Health Library], Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) [Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature], MEDLINE, and Índice Bibliográfico Espanhol de Ciências da Saúde (IBECS) [Health Sciences Spanish Bibliographical Index]. The sample consisted of five articles that were selected after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to describe the selected articles. Collected data was subject to thematic content analysis. Results: The following category was elaborated: "The influence of the Cartesian model on technical nursing education". Conclusion: There is an emerging need to rethink old paradigms and insert new conceptual perspectives on technical and vocational education to support the training of nurse technicians

Objetivo: Cuantificar la producción científica publicada en los últimos 20 años, sobre capacitación técnica en enfermería y debatir en base al paradigma ecosistémico. Método: Es una revisión integradora realizada en línea en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud en las bases de datos de Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, Índice Bibliográfico Español de Ciencias de la Salud y Sistema de Análisis y Recuperación de Literatura Médica en línea. La muestra consistió en 05 artículos científicos completos seleccionados, observando los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. La descripción de los artículos se realizó mediante análisis estadístico descriptivo y los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de contenido en la modalidad, análisis temático. Resultados: Surgió una categoría, como sigue: La influencia del modelo cartesiano en la formación técnica en enfermería. Conclusión: Hay una necesidad emergente de repensar viejos paradigmas e insertar nuevas perspectivas conceptuales para la Educación Profesional que subyacen en la capacitación de los técnicos de enfermería

O ensino profissional técnico de enfermagem e a formação para o SUS / Professional nursing technical education and training for the SUS

Nesta pesquisa toma-se como objeto o ensino profissional técnico de enfermagem no contexto do Sistema Único de Saúde. Pressupõe-se que tal formação ancora-se na reflexão e na problematização crítica sobre a realidade, para a compreensão de contradições da prática profissional. A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o ensino profissional técnico de enfermagem e a articulação com as demandas do SUS. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa orientada pelo referencial da dialética. As participantes da pesquisa foram egressas e docentes do Curso Técnico de Enfermagem da Escola de Saúde Pública de Minas Gerais de turmas concluídas entre os anos de 2012 e 2015. Para levantamento dos dados, foram realizadas entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado cuja interpretação se sustentou nas categorias da Análise de Discurso Crítica. Os relatos demonstraram discursos que se constroem a partir da representação do SUS, da oferta e desenvolvimento do Curso Técnico de Enfermagem, e dos efeitos e repercussões do curso no e para o SUS. Entre regularidades e contradições, o SUS é representado como sistema ideológico, dinâmico e em construção, que determina processos de trabalho dos profissionais técnicos de enfermagem. Dialeticamente, o mesmo sistema que apresenta profissionais técnicos de enfermagem atuando sem a devida qualificação, configura-se no principal objeto/tema para a formação dos técnicos de enfermagem. A oferta e desenvolvimento do curso técnico de enfermagem é marcada por discursos que retratam a integração ensino-serviço, reconhecendo que a experiência dos trabalhadores é fundamental para o processo ensino-aprendizagem na formação que atenda ao SUS. A oferta do curso técnico no contexto do SUS se apresenta de forma complexa com discursos produzidos a partir de práticas discursivas historicamente estruturadas no campo da Enfermagem. O desenvolvimento do curso incorpora diretrizes da Política Nacional de Educação Permanente...

This research addresses the nurse technician training program in the context of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS - Sistema Único de Saúde). It is assumed that such learning process is anchored on the reflection and on critical problematization of reality, to understand the contradictions in the professional practice. The research was designed to analyze the nurse technician training program and its articulation with the SUS demands. It is a qualitative approach study guided by the dialectics referential. The research participants included graduates and faculty of the Minas Gerais Public Health School Nurse Technician Training Program, from the classes of 2012 to 2015. For data collection, semi-structured scripted interviews were conducted, whose interpretation is supported by Critical Discourse Analysis categories. The reports revealed studies that are constructed based on the representation of the SUS, on the offer and development of the Nurse Technician Program, and on the effects and repercussions of the program on and for the SUS. Between regularities and contradictions, the SUS is represented as an ideological, dynamic system under construction, which determines the work processes of nurse technicians. Dialectically, the same system that has nurse technicians working in it without the due qualification is also the main object/topic for the nurse technician training programs. The offer and development of nurse technician training program is marked by discourses that portray the integration between training program and work, acknowledging that the workers' experience is essential to the learning process in the training program that will meet the SUS demands. The offer of the nurse technician training program in the SUS context is presented in a complex manner, with discourses produced based on historically structured practices in the field of Nursing...

The Rapid Growth of Graduates From Associate, Baccalaureate, And Graduate Programs in Nursing.

Growth in the number of RN graduates from 2002-2012 has been dramatic and broad based, occurring between both associate and baccalaureate programs, and has included people from all racial and eth- nic backgrounds. This growth has occurred in all types of public, private not-for- profit, and proprietary institu- tions. The growth of RNs with gradu- ate degrees has also increased, particularly since 2004. Given the rapid production of nursing graduates, leaders in academic nursing education are urged to focus on the quality of nursing graduates, take steps to assure that graduates are well prepared for growth in nonhospital settings, ensure graduates are aware of the many challenges they will confront, and are well prepared to seize opportunities that will unfold during an era of health reform.

Working to implement the recommendations of the future of nursing report.

When national efforts and recommendations are developed, it is often difficult and complex to actualize a plan for their implementation. This column attempts to provide examples of the work being done by nurses and their partners across the country in actualizing the recommendations of The Future of Nursing report.

Nurse educators and the future of nursing.

Calls for transformation in nursing education and practice abound. Nurses are part of a trusted profession, but they have been under-represented in conversations about health care compared with other, more vocal professionals. Nurses may not consider that they already have many leadership skills, and nurse educators in staff development roles are positioned to foster growth in other nurses. The relationship between nurse educators and their constituents provides the context for support that can motivate staff nurses to move beyond their concerns and accept challenges that may cause them some discomfort, such as writing for publication or public speaking. The leadership of nurse educators is essential to support colleagues who will shape the future of nursing.

The future of baccalaureate degrees for nurses.

PROBLEM. Unlike other professional healthcare disciplines, the profession of nursing has multiple levels of entry. Recently, several states have proposed legislation to mandate completion of baccalaureate education after 10 years of nursing licensure. METHODS. This article examines the proposals, statistics, strategies, and other relevant literature on baccalaureate education for nurses and the positive outcomes associated with a more highly educated nursing workforce. FINDINGS. The proposal recognizes the entry level preparation provided by associate degree nurses and is an innovative solution that offers a balance between multiple entry levels into practice and continued educational preparation. CONCLUSIONS. Through a combination of the entry level preparation of associate degree nurses and baccalaureate education, a stronger nursing workforce can be created and patient outcomes and quality of care improved.

Education evolution: a historical perspective of associate degree nursing.

Exploring the inception and growth of associate degree nursing education informs our understanding of what led to such explosive growth so that most of the nursing workforce is currently educated at the associate degree level. The success of associate degree nursing programs led to many divisive years in nursing education of differentiation of practice debates that were hardly productive. Work world practices and patient needs are creating pressures on community colleges to join forces with universities to increase the percentage of baccalaureate-educated nurses. Associate degree nursing education continues to evolve to meet the demands of a higher educated nursing workforce.

Outcomes of ADN-BSN partnerships to increase baccalaureate prepared nurses.

The limited supply of BSN nurses hinders efforts to increase patient care quality and address health disparities. In largely rural and economically disadvantaged areas, associate degree prepared nurses provide the majority of nursing services. To address a statewide need, a BSN Program and 3 ADN Programs formed a partnership to take BSN education to rural and medically underserved areas. This article describes the program planning, implementation, and evaluation using an adapted assessment framework with partnership principles as its foundation. Interactive television, internet education components, local clinical experiences, and distant nursing faculty liaisons were used. The nursing course sequence was completed by 101 of 102 students. Hall's Professionalism Scale, the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory, and the California Critical Thinking Skills Test measured the increases found in professional socialization and critical thinking. Use of the adapted theoretical framework represented a strategic approach to developing a distance delivered nursing education program.

Trends in registered nurse education programs 1998-2008.

In 1999, the Connecticut Colleagues in Caring team conducted a pilot study to identify trends in RN education programs. The present study replicates the pilot study for a national sample. In 2003, a 15-page questionnaire, divided into six distinct areas of importance to nursing education, was mailed to the directors of 1,459 nursing programs; the response rate was 46.8 percent. Respondents were asked to comment on the extent to which they currently emphasized topics covered by 187 distinct items as compared to that item's emphasis in 1998 and its forecasted emphasis in 2008. Items were reported as significant when more than 50 percent of respondents agreed that the item was receiving more emphasis now than in the past and would continue to receive more emphasis in the future. The findings validate many of the trends found in the pilot work. Consistent across five of the six categories is the important role of technology in nursing education's future. Faculty will need ongoing development to meet the demands this trend will require. Further, faculty in the future will be required to employ more active learning strategies to effectively meet the changing expectations in the teaching/learning environment.

The relevance of associate degree nursing education: past, present, future.

Associate degree nursing education remains a relevant choice for students entering the nursing profession. Since its introduction fifty years ago, associate degree nursing education has had a significant impact on the registered nursing population in the United States. The climate for a new type of nurse was created by a nursing shortage, the growth of community and junior colleges, and government and consumer interest. Evaluation of initial programs revealed that desired outcomes were met. A proliferation of associate degree nursing programs followed with there currently being more than 800 associate degree nursing programs in the nation. Controversy regarding associate degree nursing as an entry level for registered nurses has been evolving since its inception. Issues related to technical nursing versus professional nursing titles and roles, and differentiated roles have been divisive for the nursing profession. Current demographics reveal that associate degree nursing continues to make a positive impact on the registered nurse population, providing almost 60% of entry level graduates each year, and attracting a greater percentage of minority groups and males. Associate degree nursing representatives should be involved in defining the future of nursing. Societal needs for health care and individual rights for access to education should be considered. Collaborative efforts among the nursing organizations are essential to promoting recruitment and retention efforts.

Education for professional nursing practice: looking backward into the future.

The publication of the 1965 ANA position paper calling for the baccalaureate degree as the minimum requirement for entry into professional nursing practice initiated an impassioned debate which continues to frustrate and divide nursing. An examination of the entry into practice debate from an educational perspective reveals some interesting similarities in the social and political pressures felt by nursing in 1965 and the challenges that exist today. In looking back at the course of nursing education during the past thirty-seven years, some useful insights emerge which can help to set direction for the future. The author argues that it is time to leave the old debate behind and agree on the importance of developing a better educated profession.