RESUMO
Hydrazones display an interesting profile of biological activities, which includes mainly antimicrobial and antiproliferative properties. Hydrazones also play an important role in the synthesis of heterocyclic rings and in coordination chemistry. Currently, the synthesis of complexes of hydrazones with transition metals is quite frequently reported in the scientific literature. The interest in this topic is largely due to diverse biological activities of the metal complexes of hydrazones that in some cases are much more effective than hydrazones themselves. This review focuses on the complexes of hydrazones with transition metals which display antibacterial, antitubercular, antifungal and anticancer activities. In the following subchapters devoted to a given activity, an attempt has been made to present the most active complexes of hydrazones, their trends in their activity and application in medicinal chemistry. The paper presents the literature data from 2009 to 2023. This review constitutes a useful guide for the researchers who intend to synthesize and investigate complexes of hydrazones in terms of their antimicrobial and anticancer activities.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Antineoplásicos , Complexos de Coordenação , Hidrazonas , Elementos de Transição , Hidrazonas/química , Hidrazonas/farmacologia , Hidrazonas/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Elementos de Transição/química , Elementos de Transição/farmacologia , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Complexos de Coordenação/farmacologia , Complexos de Coordenação/síntese química , Humanos , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/síntese química , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Herein, we present a comprehensive review focusing on synthetic strategies, detailed structural analysis, and anticancer activity investigations of complexes following the general formula [LnM(µ-diphosphine)M'Lm] where M = group 8 metal; M' = any transition metal; µ-diphosphine = bridging ligand; Ln and Lm = ligand spheres). Both homo- and heteromultimetallic complexes will be discussed in detail. We review in vitro, in vivo and in silico anticancer activity investigations, in an attempt to draw comparisons between the various complexes and derive structure-activity relationships (SAR). This review solely focuses on complexes falling under the general formula stated above that have been studied for their anticancer activities, other complexes falling into that scheme but which have not undergone anticancer testing are not included in this review. We compare the anticancer activities of these complexes to their mononuclear counterparts, and a positive control (cisplatin) when possible and present a summary of all existing data to date and attempt to draw some conclusions on the future development of these complexes.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Complexos de Coordenação , Fosfinas , Elementos de Transição , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Humanos , Ligantes , Fosfinas/química , Fosfinas/farmacologia , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Complexos de Coordenação/farmacologia , Complexos de Coordenação/síntese química , Elementos de Transição/química , Elementos de Transição/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Estrutura Molecular , Animais , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The ultimate goal of nanoparticle-based phototherapy is to suppress tumor growth. Photothermal therapy (PTT) and photothermal photodynamic therapy (PDT) are two types of physicochemical therapy that use light radiation with multiple wavelength ranges in the near-infrared to treat cancer. When a laser is pointed at tissue, photons are taken in the intercellular and intracellular regions, converting photon energy to heat. It has attracted much interest and research in recent years. The advent of transition materials dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is a revolutionary step in PDT/PTT-based cancer therapy. The TMDCs is a multilayer 2D nano-composite. TMDCs contain three atomic layers in which two chalcogens squash in the transition metal. The chalcogen atoms are highly reactive, and the surface characteristics of TMDCs help them to target deep cancer cells. They absorb Near Infrared (NIR), which kills deep cancer cells. In this review, we have discussed the history and mechanism of PDT/PTT and the use of TMDCs and nanoparticle-based systems, which have been practiced for theranostics purposes. We have also discussed PDT/PTT combined with immunotherapy, in which the cancer cell apoptosis is done by activating the immune cells, such as CD8+.
Assuntos
Neoplasias , Fotoquimioterapia , Terapia Fototérmica , Elementos de Transição , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/terapia , Neoplasias/patologia , Elementos de Transição/química , Elementos de Transição/farmacologia , Calcogênios/química , Calcogênios/farmacologia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/química , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , AnimaisRESUMO
The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been greatly restricted by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and the susceptible resistance of monotherapy. Although nanodrugs based on transition metal complexes capable of integrating PDT with photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) have garnered tremendous attention as promising candidates for overcoming the above limitations, the therapeutic efficacy of these nanodrugs is still hampered by inadequate loading of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and the inherent ability of cancer cells to repair damaged DNA. Herein, we developed a photoactivated full-API nanodrug, Ru-T FAND, by one-step self-assembly of RuDPB and TH287. By virtue of its 100 wt% API content and favorable stability in water, the Ru-T FAND exhibited improved cellular uptake behavior and intracellular 1O2 generation. Attractively, the Ru-T FAND with triple anti-cancer modalities can photogenerate 1O2, photo-release DPB ligand and inhibit the repair of DNA damage, ultimately enhancing its phototherapeutic effect on cancer cells. Importantly, the uncaged DPB ligand from RuDPB emits red fluorescence, enabling real-time monitoring of the drug's absorption, distribution and efficacy. Collectively, the presented photoactivated Ru-T FANDs with multiple anti-cancer mechanisms will expand new horizons for the development of safe, efficient and synergistic tumor phototherapy strategies.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Complexos de Coordenação , Dano ao DNA , Fotoquimioterapia , Humanos , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Complexos de Coordenação/farmacologia , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolases/antagonistas & inibidores , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolases/metabolismo , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Nanopartículas/química , Rutênio/química , Rutênio/farmacologia , Elementos de Transição/química , Elementos de Transição/farmacologia , Enzimas Reparadoras do DNA/antagonistas & inibidores , Enzimas Reparadoras do DNA/metabolismoRESUMO
New tranexamic acid (TXA) complexes of ferric(III), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II) and zirconium(IV) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis (CHN), conductimetric (Λ), magnetic susceptibility investigations (µeff), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), ultraviolet visible (UV-vis.), optical band gap energy (Eg) and thermal studies (TG/DTG and DTA). TXA complexes were established in 1 : 2 (metal: ligand) stoichiometric ratio according to CHN data. Based on FT-IR and 1H-NMR data the disappeared of the carboxylic proton supported the deprotonating of TXA and linked to metal ions via the carboxylate group's oxygen atom as a bidentate ligand. UV-visible spectra and magnetic moment demonstrated that all chelates have geometric octahedral structures. Eg values indicated that our complexes are more electro conductive. DTA revealed presence of water molecules in inner and outer spheres of the complexes. DTA results showed that endothermic and exothermic peaks were identified in the degradation mechanisms. The ligand and metal complexes were investigated for their antimicrobial and herbicidal efficacy. The Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes showed antimicrobial activity against some tested species. The obtained results showed a promising herbicidal effect of TXA ligand and its metal complexes particularly copper and zirconium against the three tested plants.