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1.
Am J Gastroenterol ; 119(5): 987-990, 2024 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38265043

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Achalasia has been linked to viruses. We have observed cases of rapid-developing achalasia post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: We aimed to prospectively evaluate esophageal muscle for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) from patients with rapid-onset achalasia post-COVID-19 and compare them with achalasia predating COVID-19 and achalasia with no COVID-19. RESULTS: Compared with long-standing achalasia predating COVID-19 and long-standing achalasia with no COVID-19, the subjects with achalasia post-COVID-19 had significantly higher levels of messenger RNA for the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein, which correlated with a significant increase in the inflammatory markers NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 and tumor necrosis factor. DISCUSSION: SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is a possible trigger for achalasia.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Acalasia Esofágica , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , Acalasia Esofágica/virologia , COVID-19/complicações , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Estudos Prospectivos , Idoso , Esôfago/virologia , Proteínas do Nucleocapsídeo de Coronavírus , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo
2.
Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol ; 29(10): 713-719, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34369420

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) immunohistochemical stains (IHC) are frequently applied on esophageal biopsies. Our aims were to identify IHC use patterns in viral esophagitis (VE), and clinicopathologic features of VE that could guide IHC use. METHODS: We included 58 VE cases and 60 controls, defined as patients with negative HSV/CMV IHC between January 2006 and July 2017. Biopsies were reviewed and histologic features and clinical data recorded. RESULTS: Thirteen cases required IHC for diagnosis. IHC was performed in 13 HSV and 5 CMV cases where diagnostic viral inclusions were present. VE patients were more likely to have endoscopic ulcer (P=0.002) and be immunocompromised (P<0.001). Pretest clinical concern for VE was common (P=0.006). Histologically, VE patients were more likely to have ulcer (P=0.004), ulcer exudate rich in neutrophils and histiocytes (P=0.001), neutrophils in squamous mucosa (P<0.001), histiocyte aggregates >15 (P<0.001) and spongiosis (P<0.001). Controls had frequent eosinophils, alone (P=0.008) or admixed with other inflammatory cells (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: IHC is used in VE biopsies despite definite viral inclusions on hematoxylin and eosin and in patients without concerning histology or clinical concern for VE. History, endoscopic findings, and histology can be used to better target IHC use in VE.


Assuntos
Infecções por Citomegalovirus , Citomegalovirus/metabolismo , Esofagite , Esôfago , Herpes Simples , Simplexvirus/metabolismo , Adulto , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/metabolismo , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/patologia , Esofagite/metabolismo , Esofagite/patologia , Esofagite/virologia , Esôfago/metabolismo , Esôfago/patologia , Esôfago/virologia , Feminino , Herpes Simples/metabolismo , Herpes Simples/patologia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
3.
Viruses ; 13(8)2021 08 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34452488

RESUMO

Squamous cell papilloma (SCP) in the upper aero-digestive tract is a rare disease entity with bimodal age presentation both at childhood and in adults. It originates from stratified squamous and/or respiratory epithelium. Traditionally, SCPs have been linked to chemical or mechanical irritation but, since the 1980s, they have also been associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Approximately 30% of the head and neck SCPs are associated with HPV infection, with this association being highest for laryngeal papillomas (76-94%), followed by oral (27-48%), sinonasal (25-40%), and oropharyngeal papillomas (6-7%). There is, however, a wide variation in HPV prevalence, the highest being in esophageal SCPs (11-57%). HPV6 and HPV11 are the two main HPV genotypes present, but these are also high-risk HPVs as they are infrequently detected. Some 20% of the oral and oropharyngeal papillomas also contain cutaneous HPV genotypes. Despite their benign morphology, some SCPs tend to recur and even undergo malignant transformation. The highest malignant potential is associated with sinonasal inverted papillomas (7-11%). This review discusses the evidence regarding HPV etiology of benign SCPs in the upper aero-digestive tract and their HPV-related malignant transformation. In addition, studies on HPV exposure at an early age are discussed, as are the animal models shedding light on HPV transmission, viral latency, and its reactivation.


Assuntos
Trato Gastrointestinal/patologia , Trato Gastrointestinal/virologia , Papillomaviridae/genética , Papillomaviridae/patogenicidade , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virologia , DNA Viral/genética , Esôfago/patologia , Esôfago/virologia , Trato Gastrointestinal/anatomia & histologia , Genótipo , Humanos , Nasofaringe/patologia , Nasofaringe/virologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Orofaringe/patologia , Orofaringe/virologia , Papiloma Invertido/virologia , Papillomaviridae/classificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/patologia , Fatores de Risco
4.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 538: 92-96, 2021 01 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33168188

RESUMO

Obesity is a major risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. The underlying basis of this association is likely complex in nature. The host-cell receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the type II transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) are important for viral cell entry. It is unclear whether obesity alters expression of Ace2 and Tmprss2 in the lower respiratory tract. Here, we show that: 1) Ace2 expression is elevated in the lung and trachea of diet-induced obese male mice and reduced in the esophagus of obese female mice relative to lean controls; 2) Tmprss2 expression is increased in the trachea of obese male mice but reduced in the lung and elevated in the trachea of obese female mice relative to lean controls; 3) in chow-fed lean mice, females have higher expression of Ace2 in the lung and esophagus as well as higher Tmprss2 expression in the lung but lower expression in the trachea compared to males; and 4) in diet-induced obese mice, males have higher expression of Ace2 in the trachea and higher expression of Tmprss2 in the lung compared to females, whereas females have higher expression of Tmprss2 in the trachea relative to males. Our data indicate diet- and sex-dependent modulation of Ace2 and Tmprss2 expression in the lower respiratory tract and esophagus. Given the high prevalence of obesity worldwide and a sex-biased mortality rate, we discuss the implications and relevance of our results for COVID-19.


Assuntos
Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2/metabolismo , COVID-19/enzimologia , Esôfago/enzimologia , Pulmão/enzimologia , Obesidade/enzimologia , SARS-CoV-2/fisiologia , Serina Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Traqueia/enzimologia , Internalização do Vírus , Animais , COVID-19/virologia , Dieta , Esôfago/virologia , Feminino , Pulmão/virologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Obesidade/virologia , Fatores Sexuais , Traqueia/virologia
5.
J Fish Dis ; 43(11): 1363-1371, 2020 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32882747

RESUMO

Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) is a serious neuropathological fish disease affecting in the Mediterranean aquaculture mainly European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. It is well known that betanodaviruses are neurotropic viruses that replicate in nerve tissues, preferentially brain and retina. However, routes of entry and progression of the virus in the central nervous system (CNS) remain unclear. The role of four tissues-eye, oesophagus, gills and skin-as possible gateways of a betanodavirus, the redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), was investigated after experimental challenges performed on European seabass juveniles. The dispersal pattern of Betanodavirus at primarily stages of the disease was also assessed, using a real-time qPCR assay. The development of typical clinical signs of VER, the presence of characteristic histopathological lesions in the brain and retina and the detection of viral RNA in the tissues of all experimental groups ascertained that successful invasion of RGNNV under all experimental routes was achieved. Transneuronal spread along pathways known to be connected to the initial site of entry seems to be the predominant scenario of viral progression in the CNS. Furthermore, viraemia appeared only after the installation of the infection in the brain.


Assuntos
Encefalopatias/veterinária , Doenças dos Peixes/virologia , Nodaviridae/fisiologia , Doenças Retinianas/veterinária , Animais , Bass , Encéfalo/virologia , Encefalopatias/virologia , Esôfago/virologia , Olho/virologia , Brânquias/virologia , Nodaviridae/patogenicidade , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Doenças Retinianas/virologia , Pele/virologia
7.
J Virol ; 94(1)2019 12 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31597766

RESUMO

Human herpesviruses 6A and 6B (HHV-6A and HHV-6B) are human viruses capable of chromosomal integration. Approximately 1% of the human population carries one copy of HHV-6A/B integrated into every cell in their body, referred to as inherited chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6A/B (iciHHV-6A/B). Whether iciHHV-6A/B is transcriptionally active in vivo and how it shapes the immunological response are still unclear. In this study, we screened DNA sequencing (DNA-seq) and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) data for 650 individuals available through the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project and identified 2 iciHHV-6A- and 4 iciHHV-6B-positive candidates. When corresponding tissue-specific gene expression signatures were analyzed, low levels HHV-6A/B gene expression was found across multiple tissues, with the highest levels of gene expression in the brain (specifically for HHV-6A), testis, esophagus, and adrenal gland. U90 and U100 were the most highly expressed HHV-6 genes in both iciHHV-6A- and iciHHV-6B-positive individuals. To assess whether tissue-specific gene expression from iciHHV-6A/B influences the immune response, a cohort of 15,498 subjects was screened and 85 iciHHV-6A/B+ subjects were identified. Plasma samples from iciHHV-6A/B+ and age- and sex-matched controls were analyzed for antibodies to control antigens (cytomegalovirus [CMV], Epstein-Barr virus [EBV], and influenza virus [FLU]) or HHV-6A/B antigens. Our results indicate that iciHHV-6A/B+ subjects have significantly more antibodies against the U90 gene product (IE1) than do non-iciHHV-6-positive individuals. Antibody responses against EBV and FLU antigens or HHV-6A/B gene products either not expressed or expressed at low levels, such as U47, U57, and U72, were identical between controls and iciHHV-6A/B+ subjects. CMV-seropositive individuals with iciHHV-6A/B+ have more antibodies against CMV pp150 than do CMV-seropositive controls. These results argue that spontaneous gene expression from integrated HHV-6A/B leads to an increase in antigenic burden that translates into a more robust HHV-6A/B-specific antibody response.IMPORTANCE HHV-6A and -6B are human herpesviruses that have the unique property of being able to integrate into the telomeric regions of human chromosomes. Approximately 1% of the world's population carries integrated HHV-6A/B genome in every cell of their body. Whether viral genes are transcriptionally active in these individuals is unclear. By taking advantage of a unique tissue-specific gene expression data set, we showed that the majority of tissues from iciHHV-6 individuals do not show HHV-6 gene expression. Brain and testes showed the highest tissue-specific expression of HHV-6 genes in two separate data sets. Two HHV-6 genes, U90 (immediate early 1 protein) and U100 (glycoproteins Q1 and Q2), were found to be selectively and consistently expressed across several human tissues. Expression of U90 translates into an increase in antigen-specific antibody response in iciHHV-6A/B+ subjects relative to controls. Future studies will be needed to determine the mechanism of gene expression, the effects of these genes on human gene transcription networks, and the pathophysiological impact of having increased viral protein expression in tissue in conjunction with increased antigen-specific antibody production.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Cromossomos Humanos/química , Herpesvirus Humano 6/genética , RNA Viral/genética , Infecções por Roseolovirus/virologia , Glândulas Suprarrenais/imunologia , Glândulas Suprarrenais/virologia , Idoso , Encéfalo/imunologia , Encéfalo/virologia , Estudos de Coortes , Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Esôfago/imunologia , Esôfago/virologia , Feminino , Herpesvirus Humano 4/imunologia , Herpesvirus Humano 6/classificação , Herpesvirus Humano 6/imunologia , Humanos , Padrões de Herança , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Especificidade de Órgãos , Orthomyxoviridae/imunologia , Filogenia , RNA Viral/imunologia , Infecções por Roseolovirus/genética , Infecções por Roseolovirus/imunologia , Testículo/imunologia , Testículo/virologia , Integração Viral , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma
8.
Dig Dis Sci ; 64(7): 1893-1900, 2019 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30725296

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Herpes simplex esophagitis (HSE) is the second most common cause of infectious esophagitis and occurs in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to reappraise the clinical course of HSE in different patient populations based on degree of immunocompetence and the presence or absence of underlying esophageal disease. METHODS: Patients with histopathologically confirmed HSE identified from the Mayo Clinic pathology database from 2006 to 2016 were included in this study. Relevant demographic, clinical, and endoscopic data were retrospectively reviewed and compared between two cohorts: (a) immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients and (b) patients with and without underlying esophageal disorders. RESULTS: Forty-six patients were included in the study. The most common presenting symptoms were odynophagia (34.8%) and dysphagia (30.4%). Thirty-three (71.7%) patients were immunocompromised, and these patients who experienced longer duration of symptoms (25.5 ± 23.4 days vs. 7.0 ± 5.5 days, p = 0.04) were more likely to require an extension of treatment course (38.1% vs. 8.3%, p = 0.05) compared to their immunocompetent counterparts. Seventeen (37%) patients had underlying esophageal disease, and these patients were more likely to have concomitant esophageal candidiasis (41.2% vs. 10.3%, respectively; p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Herpes simplex virus causes esophagitis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. While the disease course appears to be self-limited for all patient populations, clinical and endoscopic differences in the disease presentation and clinical course based on immune status and the presence or absence of underlying esophageal disease exist.


Assuntos
Transtornos de Deglutição/imunologia , Esofagite/imunologia , Esôfago/imunologia , Herpes Simples/imunologia , Imunocompetência , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Infecções Oportunistas/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Biópsia , Candidíase/imunologia , Bases de Dados Factuais , Deglutição , Transtornos de Deglutição/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Deglutição/fisiopatologia , Transtornos de Deglutição/virologia , Esofagite/diagnóstico , Esofagite/fisiopatologia , Esofagite/virologia , Esofagoscopia , Esôfago/patologia , Esôfago/fisiopatologia , Esôfago/virologia , Feminino , Herpes Simples/diagnóstico , Herpes Simples/fisiopatologia , Herpes Simples/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções Oportunistas/diagnóstico , Infecções Oportunistas/fisiopatologia , Infecções Oportunistas/virologia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
9.
Ann N Y Acad Sci ; 1434(1): 319-332, 2018 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29851130

RESUMO

Risk factors for esophageal cancer include genetic factors (such as tylosis) and infectious agents. A variety of organisms have been implicated in esophageal carcinogenesis, either directly or indirectly. In this review, we explore the normal esophageal flora and how it may be controlled, and also the variety of organisms that may affect esophageal carcinogenesis, either directly or indirectly. The organisms with potential direct effects in squamous cell carcinoma include human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus, and polyoma viruses. Interestingly, HPV is now implicated in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), not in its initiation but in the development of dysplasia, in which HPV33 in particular has been associated. Indirectly, Helicobacter pylori has been associated with EAC by, initially, causing increased acid secretion that increases acid reflux, and by reducing lower esophageal sphincter pressure, which increases gastroesophageal reflux; the latter increases the risk of Barrett's esophagus, and hence EAC. Conversely, subsequent atrophic gastritis may normalize that risk.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma , Esôfago de Barrett , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr , Neoplasias Esofágicas , Esôfago , Refluxo Gastroesofágico , Infecções por Helicobacter , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/microbiologia , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/virologia , Esôfago de Barrett/metabolismo , Esôfago de Barrett/microbiologia , Esôfago de Barrett/patologia , Esôfago de Barrett/virologia , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/metabolismo , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/microbiologia , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/patologia , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/virologia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Esofágicas/microbiologia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patologia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/virologia , Esôfago/microbiologia , Esôfago/patologia , Esôfago/virologia , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/metabolismo , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/microbiologia , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/patologia , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/virologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/metabolismo , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/patologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/virologia , Helicobacter pylori/metabolismo , Herpesvirus Humano 4/metabolismo , Humanos , Ceratodermia Palmar e Plantar Difusa/metabolismo , Ceratodermia Palmar e Plantar Difusa/microbiologia , Ceratodermia Palmar e Plantar Difusa/patologia , Ceratodermia Palmar e Plantar Difusa/virologia , Fatores de Risco
10.
Ann N Y Acad Sci ; 1434(1): 219-226, 2018 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29766506

RESUMO

Gastroenterologists frequently perform endoscopic esophageal mucosal biopsies for pathologic diagnosis in patients experiencing symptoms of esophagitis. The more common causes of esophagitis diagnosed on esophageal mucosal biopsy include reflux esophagitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, and infectious esophagitis caused by Candida albicans, herpes simplex virus, and/or cytomegalovirus. However, there are several causes of esophagitis seen less frequently by pathologists that are very important to recognize. We discuss unique types of esophageal inflammation, including acute bacterial esophagitis, esophageal manifestations of dermatologic diseases, medication-induced esophageal injury, and sloughing esophagitis; and we review their clinical and histopathologic features.


Assuntos
Esofagite Eosinofílica , Esofagite Péptica , Esôfago , Infecções Bacterianas/metabolismo , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/patologia , Infecções Bacterianas/virologia , Biópsia , Candida albicans/metabolismo , Candidíase/metabolismo , Candidíase/microbiologia , Candidíase/virologia , Citomegalovirus/metabolismo , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/metabolismo , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/microbiologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/virologia , Esofagite Eosinofílica/metabolismo , Esofagite Eosinofílica/microbiologia , Esofagite Eosinofílica/patologia , Esofagite Eosinofílica/virologia , Esofagite Péptica/metabolismo , Esofagite Péptica/microbiologia , Esofagite Péptica/patologia , Esofagite Péptica/virologia , Esofagoscopia , Esôfago/metabolismo , Esôfago/microbiologia , Esôfago/patologia , Esôfago/virologia , Herpes Simples/metabolismo , Herpes Simples/microbiologia , Herpes Simples/patologia , Herpes Simples/virologia , Humanos , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/microbiologia , Inflamação/patologia , Inflamação/virologia , Simplexvirus/metabolismo
11.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr ; 66(4): 609-613, 2018 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28937540

RESUMO

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common cause of infectious esophagitis. The aim of this retrospective study is to identify comorbid and predisposing conditions and sequelae of HSV esophagitis in immunocompetent children. We reviewed 16 cases of HSV esophagitis diagnosed from January 1982 to March 2016. Five patients were immunosuppressed, 11 were immunocompetent and included in the study. Three (27%) had no other significant medical history. Five patients (45%) had repeat biopsies following their HSV infection, which showed eosinophilic infiltrate consistent with current diagnostic criteria of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), one of whom had known EoE. Environmental allergies and/or asthma were present in 4 of 5 of these patients. Among the immunocompetent patients, EoE was a comorbidity in almost half, although biopsies at the time of HSV esophagitis did not show diagnostic features of EoE. Clinical follow-up is therefore warranted for immunocompetent children presenting with HSV esophagitis, particularly those with atopic conditions.


Assuntos
Esofagite/virologia , Esôfago/virologia , Herpes Simples/patologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Esofagite/etiologia , Esofagite/patologia , Esofagoscopia/métodos , Esôfago/patologia , Feminino , Herpes Simples/etiologia , Humanos , Imunocompetência , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Simplexvirus/isolamento & purificação
12.
Histol Histopathol ; 33(4): 357-363, 2018 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28875493

RESUMO

BACKGROUNDS: The first publication that associated Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and esophageal cancer was published in 1982. However, data are still contradictory and require further investigation. The aim of this study was to identify high risk HPV DNA in esophageal tissue of patients with and without esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and correlate HPV presence with classical risk factors. METHODS: Invited patients signed the informed consent form, and interviews were conducted in order to obtain information about sociodemographic and lifestyle behavior. During endoscopy, esophageal biopsies were collected from case and controls. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction genotyping was conducted on endoscopic biopsies to identify HPV types and HPV-16 was further evaluated by specific PCR real time. RESULTS: Among 87 cases, 12 (13.8%) had tumors harboring high risk HPV DNA and among 87 controls, 12 (13.8%) had high risk HPV DNA (OR:1.025 [CI:0.405:2.592]). Variables regarding consumption of alcohol and use of tobacco continued to characterize risk factors even after adjustments by presence or absence of high risk HPV. CONCLUSION: HPV was demonstrated to be frequently and similarly associated to normal and malignant esophageal tissues, but not as an independent risk factor to esophageal cancer. IMPACT: To contribute to the Brazilian population data on this subject, which is still contradictory.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virologia , DNA Viral/genética , Neoplasias Esofágicas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/virologia , Esôfago/virologia , Papillomaviridae , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas do Esôfago , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco
13.
Dis Esophagus ; 30(11): 1-7, 2017 11 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28881904

RESUMO

The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Barrett's esophagus (BE) has been examined but remains unclear. The purpose of the study is to dispute the connection between HPV and BE in a prospective case-control study. Biopsies were performed above and inside the Barrett's segment for BE patients and in the distal third of the esophagus for control patients for histological interpretation and for virological analysis. Biopsies for virological analysis were placed in a virus transport medium and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. Virological analysis involved real-time PCR using the SyBr® green protocol with modified SPF10 general primers. A total of 180 patients (119 control and 61 BE, respectively) were included. In BE patients, 31, 18, and 12 patients had, respectively, no dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia, and high grade dysplasia. Overall, nine were found to be HPV positive: five were control patients and four BE patients. HPV positive status was not associated with BE. No factors were associated with HPV, in particular the degree of BE dysplasia. HPV infection appears unlikely to be significant in the etiology of BE compared with control patients. (ClinicalTrials.gov, Number NCT02549053).


Assuntos
Esôfago de Barrett/virologia , Esôfago/virologia , Papillomaviridae , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Idoso , Esôfago de Barrett/patologia , Biópsia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Esôfago/patologia , Feminino , França , Humanos , Hiperplasia/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real
15.
Pathol Oncol Res ; 22(4): 667-72, 2016 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26879397

RESUMO

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the hypothesized causes of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the etiological association remains uncertain. It was postulated that other infectious agents together with HPV may increase the risk of ESCC. The current investigation aimed to explore the presence of a new human tumor virus, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), together with HPV in ESCC tumors and non-cancerous esophageal samples in northern Iran. In total, 96 esophageal samples (51 with ESCC, and 45 without esophageal malignancy) were examined. HPV DNA was detected in esophageal specimens of 16 out of the 51 ESCC cases (31.4 %) and 20 out of the 45 non-cancerous samples (44.4 %). Untypable HPV genotypes were recognized in high rates in cancerous (75.0 %) and non-cancerous (55.0 %) esophageal specimens. MCPyV DNA was detected in esophageal specimens of 23 out of the 51 ESCC cases (45.1 %) and 16 out of the 45 non-cancerous samples (35.6 %). The mean MCPyV DNA copy number was 1.0 × 10(-5) ± 2.4 × 10(-5) and 6.0 × 10(-6) ± 1.3 × 10(-5) per cell in ESCC cases and non-cancerous samples, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between cancerous and non-cancerous samples regarding mean MCPyV DNA load (P = 0.353). A bayesian logistic regression model adjusted to the location of esophageal specimen and MCPyV infection, revealed a significant association between HPV and odds of ESCC (OR, 2.45; 95 % CI: 1.01-6.16). This study provides the evidence of the detection of the MCPyV DNA at a low viral copy number in cancerous and non- cancerous esophageal samples.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virologia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/virologia , Esôfago/virologia , Poliomavírus das Células de Merkel/genética , Papillomaviridae/genética , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/etiologia , Estudos Transversais , Variações do Número de Cópias de DNA/genética , DNA Viral/genética , Neoplasias Esofágicas/etiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas do Esôfago , Feminino , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Masculino , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Infecções por Polyomavirus/complicações , Infecções por Polyomavirus/virologia
16.
Transpl Infect Dis ; 17(1): 98-102, 2015 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25537681

RESUMO

High-risk (carcinogenic) genotype human papillomavirus (HPV) infections can be associated with significant morbidity in the immunocompromised solid organ transplant (SOT) recipient. Immunosuppression-associated persistent infection can predispose to the development of rapidly progressive high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in this population. We present a case report of an adolescent bilateral lung transplant recipient who developed HSIL of the esophagus, cervix, and skin secondary to HPV. This review highlights the unique developmental needs of the sexually active adolescent SOT recipient and reviews guidelines for HPV-related screening and education of this population.


Assuntos
Transplante de Pulmão/efeitos adversos , Papillomaviridae/fisiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Lesões Intraepiteliais Escamosas Cervicais/diagnóstico , Colo do Útero/virologia , Esôfago/virologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Pele/virologia , Transplantados , Adulto Jovem
17.
Rev Argent Microbiol ; 46(3): 188-95, 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25444126

RESUMO

A specific real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCRrt) for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus was validated using the LightCycler thermocycler 2.0 and its reagents as recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health and was assessed for the detection of the virus in acute infection of cattle experimentally vaccinated and challenged with virus A Argentina/2001 or A24 Cruzeiro. The technique proved to be robust, showing coefficients of variation lower than 4% for different ARN extractions, days or repetitions and was able to detect up to 0,4 TCID 50%, and/or up to 100 RNA molecules. In probang samples, diagnostic sensitivity was 93.1 (95% CI 86.5-96.6) and diagnostic specificity 100 (95% CI 96.3-100). The results of the challenge in vaccinated or multivaccinated bovines showed that although there were high levels of clinical protection in the vaccinated group, FMDV could be detected in all challenged groups. However, detection was 100 times lower in immunized animals.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Vírus da Febre Aftosa/isolamento & purificação , Febre Aftosa/diagnóstico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/métodos , Doença Aguda , Animais , Líquidos Corporais/virologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Esôfago/virologia , Febre Aftosa/virologia , Vírus da Febre Aftosa/classificação , Vírus da Febre Aftosa/genética , Vírus da Febre Aftosa/imunologia , Faringe/virologia , RNA Viral/análise , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/instrumentação , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/instrumentação , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Manejo de Espécimes , Vacinação/veterinária , Vacinas Virais/imunologia
20.
Avian Pathol ; 42(6): 546-51, 2013 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24164638

RESUMO

A novel avipoxvirus caused diphtheritic lesions in the oesophagus of five and in the bronchioli of four Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) and also cutaneous lesions in eight Magellanic penguins housed in outdoor enclosures in a Rehabilitation Centre at Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. At the same time, another avipoxvirus strain caused cutaneous lesions in three Magellanic penguins at a geographically distinct Rehabilitation Centre localized at Vila Velha, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Diagnosis was based on clinical signs, histopathology and use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Clinical signs in the penguins included cutaneous papules and nodules around eyelids and beaks, depression and restriction in weight gain. The most common gross lesions were severely congested and haemorrhagic lungs, splenomegaly and cardiomegaly. Histological examination revealed Bollinger inclusion bodies in cutaneous lesions, mild to severe bronchopneumonia, moderate periportal lymphocytic hepatitis, splenic lymphopenia and lymphocytolysis. Other frequent findings included necrotizing splenitis, enteritis, oesophagitis, dermatitis and airsacculitis. Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were seen within oesophageal epithelial cells in five birds and in epithelial cells of the bronchioli in four penguins. DNA from all samples was amplified from skin tissue by PCR using P4b-targeting primers already described in the literature for avipoxvirus. The sequences showed two different virus strains belonging to the genus Avipoxvirus of the Chordopoxvirinae subfamily, one being divergent from the penguinpox and avipoxviruses already described in Magellanic penguins in Patagonia, but segregating within a clade of canarypox-like viruses implicated in diphtheritic and respiratory disease.


Assuntos
Avipoxvirus/genética , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Doenças das Aves/patologia , Doenças das Aves/virologia , Infecções por Poxviridae/veterinária , Spheniscidae , Animais , Oceano Atlântico , Sequência de Bases , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bronquíolos/virologia , Clonagem Molecular , Análise por Conglomerados , Esôfago/virologia , Corpos de Inclusão Viral/patologia , Funções Verossimilhança , Modelos Genéticos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Infecções por Poxviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Poxviridae/patologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA/veterinária , Especificidade da Espécie , Vísceras/patologia , Vísceras/virologia
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