Analysis of the spatial and temporal evolution process and development trend of innovation capability of Chinese sports industry.

The paper uses spatial panel data on the number of patents in the field of sports in each province from 2017-2022 to explore the spatial and temporal evolution process of the innovation capacity of China's sports industry and analyze its development trend based on theories related to economic geography, using exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and Spatial-temporal correlation analysis research methods. The study shows that: 1. there is a large spatial regional disparity in the innovation capacity of China's sports industry, showing an obvious pattern of strength in the east and weakness in the west. 2. there is an obvious phenomenon of spatial agglomeration in the innovation capacity of China's sports industry and the agglomeration phenomenon in space is gradually increasing. 3. there is a spatial spillover effect in the innovation capacity of China's sports industry, and the inward spillover continues to strengthen mainly into Zhejiang, Fujian and Jiangsu provinces, while the outward spillover mainly goes to Guangdong, Hubei, Hebei, Hunan, Sichuan. Sports industry innovation capacity development put forward three suggestions: to promote the development of sports industry in the northwest region; to play the advantages of regional characteristics of sports industry; to accelerate the integration of neighboring regions to build the process. in order to help the high-quality development of sports industry.

E-sports and sports cyberculture: perspectives of social actors in this universe / E-sports e cibercultura esportiva: perspectivas de atores sociais desse universo

ABSTRACT The present study is dedicated to an analysis of e-sports, understanding them as a way of expressing sports culture in accordance with the contemporary social paradigm that involves cyberculture. Its main objective is to look into the senses and meanings of sports cyberculture for the social actors that make up the e-sports universe. Thus, in a qualitative approach, the semi-structured interview technique was used with 2 cyberathletes and 1 streamer, all professionals. The results show that sports cyberculture is appropriated by these social actors with expectations for career building, taking into account the growth of both the modality and its audience amidst perceptions and experiences of prejudice. It is concluded that sports cyberculture produces and reflects practices, attitudes and values that are similar to the traditional way of experiencing sports, reproducing stereotypes and prejudices, dreams of social ascension, and professionalization prospects.

RESUMO O presente estudo dedica-se a uma análise sobre os e-sports, compreendendo-os como uma maneira de expressão da cultura esportiva consonante ao paradigma social contemporâneo que implica a cibercultura. O objetivo principal deste estudo é analisar sentidos e significados da cibercultura esportiva para atores sociais implicados no universo dos e-sports. Assim, em abordagem qualitativa, empregou-se a técnica de entrevista semiestruturada com 2 ciberatletas e 1 streamer profissionais. Os resultados demonstram que a cibercultura esportiva é apropriada por estes atores sociais com expectativas para a construção da carreira, sobre o crescimento da modalidade e do público em meio às percepções e vivências de preconceitos. Conclui-se que a cibercultura esportiva produz e reflete práticas, atitudes e valores análogos ao modo tradicional de vivência do esporte, reproduzindo estereótipos e preconceitos, sonhos de ascensão social e perspectivas de profissionalização.

O que dizem as denúncias de discriminação racial no futebol brasileiro? / What do the complaints of racial discrimination in brazilian football say?

O objetivo deste artigo é problematizar as denúncias de discriminação racial que ocorreram no futebol profissional entre os anos de 2014 e 2020. Tomaremos como base as sete edições anuais do Relatório da Discriminação Racial no Futebol. Neste período, foram acompanhados 265 casos de incidentes raciais no futebol brasileiro que serão avaliados a seguir em quatro tópicos: quem foi acusado; quem sofreu; qual foi a acusação e qual o desfecho do caso. Os dados apontam que os estádios são os locais em que predominantemente ocorrem os episódios de racismo, os torcedores são os principais ofensores, os jogadores as principais vítimas das injúrias, em que predomina a inclinação das pessoas negras ao mundo animal. Tais denúncias não têm maiores desdobramentos, nem penalidades quer na esfera esportiva, ou civil.

The purpose of this article is to discuss the allegations of racial discrimination that occurred in professional football from 2014 to 2020. We will build on the seven annual editions of the Racial Discrimination in Football Report. During this period, 265 cases of racial incidents in Brazilian football were monitored, which will be evaluated below in four topics: who was accused; who suffered; what was the charge and what is the outcome of the case. The data show that the stadiums are the places where episodes of racism predominantly occur, the fans are the main offenders, the players are the main victims of injuries in which the inclination of black people to the animal world predominates. Such denunciations have no further consequences, nor penalties either in the sports or civil sphere.

Representation of women in sport sciences research, publications, and editorial leadership positions: are we moving forward?

OBJECTIVES: We determined the representation of women in sport sciences research leadership by assessing the proportion of women in (i) leading authorship positions of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from January 2000 to September 2020 in sport sciences journals and (ii) editorial boards of these journals as of September 2020. DESIGN: Review. METHODS: We searched PubMed for RCTs published from January 1, 2000, to September 1, 2020, in a representative sample of the top sport sciences journals and identified the sex of first and senior authors through photographs, sex pronouns, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, institutional, or other profiles. This strategy was also used to identify the sex of the editorial board members from the selected journals. RESULTS: A total of 4841 articles published in 14 journals, and 1418 editors, were analyzed. The average proportions of female first and senior authorship were 24.8% and 16.8%, respectively. The percentage of female first authorship increased by ~0.5% annually (ß = 0.702; B = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.24 to 0.68, p < 0.001) from 2000 to 2020, while the percentage of female senior authorship did not change over time (ß = 0.274; B = 0.15, 95% CI = -0.102 to 0.398, p = 0.230). Among the editorial boards' positions, 19.7% were occupied by women. None of the editors-in-chief of the selected journals were women. CONCLUSIONS: Women are markedly underrepresented in leading authorship and editorial board positions in sport sciences, despite a ~0.5% annual increase in female first authorship in the past two decades. The mechanisms underlying these findings and the actions needed to reduce potential gender inequalities warrant further research.

The problems and countermeasures of bringing college sports resources into the public service system of national fitness in the new era / Problemas e contramedidas dos recursos desportivos universitários para o sistema nacional de serviços públicos de educação física na nova era / Problemas y respuestas de la nueva era de la integración de los recursos deportivos en el servicio público de gimnasia universal

ABSTRACT With the deepening of the national health program, the number of people participating in sports activities is increasing, and the problem of insufficient community sports resources is becoming more and more obvious. It is an effective way of solving the problem of injecting sports resources into the public service system of national fitness, but the process of integration of sports resources and public national fitness service is not smooth. Through expert consultation and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, this study analyzed the current situation of university sports resources into the public service system of national fitness, and collected the evaluation of social fitness personnel on the opening of university resources by means of a questionnaire combined with experts' opinions, using a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to transform subjective and fuzzy evaluation into objective and specific evaluation points. The research shows that the current level of university sports resources into the public service system of national fitness is low, which shows that the sports resources sharing policy under the national fitness has not been well implemented. The study proposes that the level of sharing of sports resources can be strengthened by the awareness of sharing of sports resources by university leaders and improving the management system. This study is expected to represent a reference for the university sports resources into the public service system of national fitness in the new era.

RESUMO Com o aprofundamento do programa nacional de saúde, o número de pessoas que participam de atividades esportivas está aumentando, e o problema de recursos esportivos comunitários insuficientes está se tornando cada vez mais óbvio. É uma forma eficaz de resolver o problema da introdução dos recursos desportivos sistema público nacional de serviços de educação física, mas o processo de integração dos recursos desportivos e do sistema público nacional de serviços de educação física não é simples. Através de consulta com especialistas e de um método de avaliação abrangente, este estudo analisou a situação atual dos recursos desportivos universitários no sistema nacional de serviços públicos de educação física e procedeu à avaliação dos profissionais de saúde social sobre a abertura dos recursos universitários através de questionário e pareceres de especialistas, utilizando um método de avaliação abrangente e difuso para transformar a avaliação subjetiva e difusa em pontos de avaliação objetivos e específicos. A pesquisa mostra que o nível atual de recursos esportivos universitários no sistema nacional de serviços públicos de educação física é baixo, o que mostra que a política de compartilhamento de recursos esportivos no âmbito nacional de educação física não foi bem implementada. O estudo propõe que o nível de compartilhamento de recursos esportivos pode ser fortalecido através do reforço da consciência dos líderes universitários e da melhoria do sistema de gestão. Espera-se que, através deste estudo, seja possível estabelecer uma referência aos recursos desportivos universitários para o sistema nacional de serviços públicos na área de educação física na nova era.

RESUMEN Con la profundización del programa nacional de salud, aumenta el número de personas que participan en actividades deportivas y el problema de la insuficiencia de recursos deportivos comunitarios se hace cada vez más evidente. Este programa es una forma eficaz de resolver el problema de la inyección de recursos deportivos en el sistema público nacional de educación física, pero el proceso de integrar ambos, los recursos para el deporte y el servicio público nacional de educación física no es sencillo. Por medio de la consulta a expertos y un método amplio de evaluación integral, este estudio analizó la situación actual de los recursos deportivos universitarios en el sistema público nacional de educación física. Recopiló la evaluación del personal de esa área sobre el uso de recursos universitarios mediante un cuestionario combinado con opiniones de expertos, utilizando un método de evaluación integral amplia para transformar dicha evaluación subjetiva, en puntos de evaluación objetivos y específicos. La investigación muestra que el nivel actual de recursos deportivos universitarios en el sistema de servicio público nacional de educación física es bajo, lo que demuestra que la política de distribución de recursos para el deporte en el marco nacional no se ha aplicado correctamente. El estudio propone que el nivel de distribución de recursos deportivos puede fortalecerse aumentando la conciencia de los líderes universitarios sobre esos recursos y mejorando el sistema de gestión. Se espera que este estudio represente una referencia para el uso de los recursos deportivos universitarios en el sistema público nacional de educación física en la nueva era.

Forecasting the outcomes of sports events: A review.

In the scientific community a large literature on sports forecasting exists, covering a wide range of different sports, methods and research questions. At the same time a lack of general literature such as reviews or meta-analyses on aspects of sports forecasting can be attested, partly attributable to characteristics of forecasting in sports that make it difficult to present through systematic approaches. The present study contributes to filling this gap by providing a narrative review about forecasting related to the outcomes of sports events. An overview about relevant topics in forecasting the outcomes of sports events is presented, a basic methodology is discussed and a categorization of methods is introduced. Having a specific focus on forecasting from ratings, we shed light on the difference between systematic and unsystematic effects influencing the outcomes of sports events. Finally an outlook on the expected impact of the increasing amount and complexity of available data on future sports forecasting research is presented. The present review can serve as a valuable starting point for researchers aiming at the investigation of sports-related forecasts, both helping to find appropriate methods and classify their work in the context of the state of research.

Sport activity in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices: evidence and perspectives.

Demographic characteristics of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices have significantly changed during the last few years, according to the ageing of the population and the consequent increase in the number of elderly individuals with indication for pacemaker implant and, on the other hand, to the increased number of young individuals implanted with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator for the primary prevention of sudden death. More and more often, both elderly and young patients ask the physician to deal with the device in their daily activities, which often include sport practice. This latter is advisable because of its recognized benefits on cardiovascular prevention, although there are many limitations for patients with a cardiac implantable electronic device. Hence, the need to balance the patient's request with the appropriate precautions emerging from existing evidence. The current article aims to provide an overview of the most recent data on this topic, derived from registries and observational studies. Over the years an attempt to standardize recommendations has been made, but robust evidence is still lacking. Substantial differences exist between countries based on their sports regulations. Official recommendations of European and American Scientific Societies are resumed. The future perspective is to obtain data to allow these patients a safer practice of sport activity also through technological advances in terms of device materials and programming improvement and the possibility of remote monitoring.

Tracing the Origins of "Cauliflower Ear" and Its Earlier Names over Two Millenia.

OBJECTIVES: The post-traumatic ear deformity, known today as cauliflower ear, has been described since antiquity. It has long been associated with pugilistic sports (wrestling, boxing) as well as among the mentally ill. The aim of this study is to present the various terms used since antiquity to describe these traumatic deformations of the auricle and to trace the origin of the modern moniker "cauliflower ear." METHODS: Historical study, only based on original documentation accessed through personal libraries and universities repositories, completed with online sources and etymological dictionaries. RESULTS: We were able to identify no fewer than 39 names for the deformity. The term cauliflower ear is of relatively recent origin. It was coined in the first decade of the 20th century, initially in the popular press and subsequently adopted by the medical profession. CONCLUSION: Ironically, the deformity has only superficial resemblance to a cauliflower. The vegetable, which is part of the cabbage family, has a symmetrical and highly ordered fractal geometry with well-circumscribed excrescences. Cauliflower ear, by contrast, notably lacks symmetry and its rounded protuberances flow into one another. Although somewhat a misnomer, the term is deeply rooted in both popular and medical culture. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A Laryngoscope, 131:E1315-E1321, 2021.

Sport and social media: analysis of the Brazilian Gymnastics Federation's Instagram / Esporte e mídia social: análise do Instagram da Confederação Brasileira de Ginástica

ABSTRACT Among the possible languages of contemporary social media, the ubiquity of images has heightened the sense of on-line communication, and has been used to shape both personal identities and institutions'recognition. Such visual content is not only an artefact of social media isolated and individual, but surrounds itself with debates and discussions that involve political, legal, economic, technological and sociocultural ideologies. Based on Instagram Image and use of Cohen's kappa for reliability and validity of data, this study analyzed 2679 photos that were posted on Instagram of the Brazilian Gymnastics Federation (CBG). As a result, we noticed the prevalence of artistic gymnastics (54,1%), followed by rhythmic gymnastics (31%), both within elite level focus (97%) specially on international events (59,6%) with greater appearance of athletes (66%). These findings reflect the need to review the use of social media in order to contemplate the broad actions of CBG, such as the diffusion of all gymnastics disciplines, as well as their different events at various levels of practice, giving visibility to all sports persons.

RESUMO Dentre as possíveis linguagens das mídias sociais contemporânea, a onipresença das imagens elevou o sentido da comunicação on-line, e tem sido utilizada para moldar tanto identidades pessoais como de diversas instituições. Tais conteúdos visuais não são apenas artefatos de mídias sociais isolados e individuais, mas se cercam de debates e discussões que envolvem ideologias políticas, legais, dimensões econômicas, tecnológicas e socioculturais. Baseados na Análise de Imagem do Instagram e utilização do Cohen's kappa para confiabilidade e validade dos dados, esta pesquisa analisou 2679 fotos postadas no Instagram da Confederação Brasileira de Ginástica (CBG). Como resultados, notamos a prevalência de postagens sobre ginástica artística (54,1%), seguida pela ginástica rítmica (31%), com foco na prática do alto rendimento (97%), divulgação de campeonatos internacionais (59,6%) e, cujo atleta (66%) foi protagonista. Esses achados apontam a necessidade de revisar o uso das mídias sociais no intuito de contemplar as amplas ações da instituição, como a difusão de todas as modalidades ginásticas e seus diferentes eventos; nos diversos níveis de prática, sejam de alto rendimento ou de formação, assim como dando visibilidade a todos os atores do esporte.

The influence of service quality on satisfaction and behavioral intentions of football spectators: a study in Pernambuco football / A influência da qualidade de serviços na satisfação e nas intenções comportamentais de espectadores do futebol: um estudo no futebol Pernambucano

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine the influence of service quality perception on spectators' satisfaction and behavioral intentions in the Pernambuco Professional Football Championship of 2017 - Brazil. Data were collected on match days, using an adapted questionnaire, consisting of four variables. The sample was composed of spectators at the competition, divided into two moments (1st. n = 386 / 2nd. n = 620). The data were analyzed through two-step structural equation modeling in AMOS 24. After the refinement of the model, the results of the structural model [χ² (314) = 762.849 (p <.001) χ² / df = 2.42; GFI = .92; CFI = .95; RMSEA = .05] indicated that the players' performance positively influenced both satisfaction (β = .76, p <.001) and behavioral intentions (β = .33, p <.001). In turn, the crowd experience had a positive influence only on the spectators' behavioral intentions (β = .38, p <.001). It is concluded that provision of service quality, positively evaluated by the spectators, especially in relation to the aspects of the game/players, is a way for the club to satisfy them and generate positive behavioral intentions.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar a influência da percepção da qualidade do serviço na satisfação e nas intenções comportamentais dos espectadores do Campeonato de Futebol Profissional de Pernambuco de 2017 - Brasil. Os dados foram coletados em dia de jogos, a partir de um questionário adaptado, composto por quatro variáveis. A amostra foi composta por espectadores da competição, dividida em dois momentos (1º. n=386 / 2º. n= 620). Os dados foram analisados através da análise de equações estruturais de duas etapas no AMOS 24. Após o refinamento do modelo, os resultados do modelo estrutural [χ² (314) = 762,849 (p < .001) χ²/df = 2,42; GFI = .92; CFI = .95; RMSEA = .05] indicaram que a performance dos jogadores influenciou positivamente tanto a satisfação (β = .76, p < .001) quanto as intenções comportamentais (β = .33, p < .001). Por sua vez, a experiência como torcedor influenciou de forma positiva unicamente as intenções comportamentais dos espectadores (β = .38, p < .001). Conclui-se que para o clube prestar um serviço de qualidade, bem avaliado por parte dos espectadores, principalmente em relação aos aspectos do jogo/jogadores é um caminho para satisfazê-los e gerar intenções comportamentais positivas.

Gamer's Health Guide: Optimizing Performance, Recognizing Hazards, and Promoting Wellness in Esports.

Electronic sports (esports), or competitive video gaming, is a rapidly growing industry and phenomenon. While around 90% of American children play video games recreationally, the average professional esports athlete spends 5.5 to 10 h gaming daily. These times and efforts parallel those of traditional sports activities where individuals can participate at the casual to the professional level with the respective time commitments. Given the rapid growth in esports, greater emphasis has been placed on identification, management, and prevention of common health hazards that are associated with esports participation while also focusing on the importance of health promotion for this group of athletes. This review outlines a three-point framework for sports medicine providers, trainers, and coaches to provide a holistic approach for the care of the esports athlete. This esports framework includes awareness and management of common musculoskeletal and health hazards, opportunities for health promotion, and recommendations for performance optimization.

Sport science librarianship = health science librarianship?

Does sports science librarianship differ from other aspects of health librarianship? Or are sports science librarians more likely to identify as generalist librarians? This editorial introduces the salutogenic approach to sport, factors that support human health and well-being, and highlights the challenge of resourcing the diversity of subjects covered by sports sciences. Highlighting key parallels with medicine and public health, it concludes by advocating for closer alignment between sports and health science librarianship.

COVID-19 and Review of Current Recommendations for Return to Athletic Play.

In December 2019 a respiratory illness known as Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) broke out in a region in China and rapidly spread to become a pandemic affecting all sporting events worldwide. The Summer Olympics scheduled to be held in Tokyo were postponed until 2021, and all professional leagues in the United States postponed or canceled events. As the United States has begun to open up, there remains uncertainty of when sporting events can safely be held. Many professional leagues and the National Collegiate Athletic Association have established guidelines and recommendations for their athletes to compete safely. In this article, we review the protocols that have been established to allow athletes to return to play, and we review briefly the effects COVID-19 infection may have on athletes.

Traumatic Knee Injuries: Analysis of Reporting Data from the Period 2016-2018 Using API Interface of Polish National Health Fund Statistics.

BACKGROUND: According to WHO statistics, injuries are among the main causes of contemporary health problems. Injury statistics have been showing a continuing upward trend over years. This is due to numerous factors, such as technological progress, increased life expectancy, change of lifestyle, growing popularity of sports and changes in working conditions. The structures affected by injuries within the knee joint include the ligaments, menisci, articular cartilage and patellar retinacula, with the most common injuries being those to the ligamentous apparatus and menisci. The main objective of this paper is to determine the number of patients hospitalised due to a primary knee injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Determination of the number of patients hospitalised due to a primary knee injury was performed using the API Interface of National Health Fund (NFZ) Statistics-Benefits Version 1.0. The process of acquiring information on the number of patients consisted of four stages: preparation of a list of primary diagnoses according to ICD-10 classification, analysis of the ordinances of the President of NFZ concerning the conclusion and implementation of contracts on hospital treatment to select products that could be used to bill hospitalisation of patients with selected types of diagnosis, generating medical data using the API Interface of National Health Fund Statistics-Benefits and analysis of reporting data obtained. RESULTS: According to data reported to NFZ, a total of 101,773 patients were hospitalised due to traumatic knee injuries over the period of three years (2016-2018), which gives an average of ca. 34,000 patients annually. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Knee injuries represent a very serious health problem in Poland. 2. Knee injuries most frequently affect the ligaments and menisci. 3. It seems necessary to develop a complete nation-wide database with up-to-date information on injuries in Poland that would enable providers to adapt medical services to the current needs of the patients.

Ten Years of Sports Health: Authorship Characteristics and Levels of Evidence.

CONTEXT: Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach, now 10 years into production, has been ranked a top-25 journal in sport sciences and has tripled its impact throughout its existence. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate authorship trends and levels of evidence (LOE) of articles published in Sports Health from 2009 to 2018. The secondary aim was to analyze funding sources and internationalization throughout the journal's tenure. DATA SOURCES: All clinical studies published in Sports Health between the years 2009 and 2018 were examined. STUDY SELECTION: All publications from the provided years were electronically reviewed by 2 reviewers and evaluated for inclusion criteria. Editorials, society news, memorials, letters to the editor, and corrigenda were excluded. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 5. DATA EXTRACTION: Articles were examined for number of authors, presence of female authorship, funding, country of origin, international collaboration, academic degree or certification of first and senior authors, and LOE. Clinical articles were assigned LOE based on guidelines from the University of Oxford's Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. RESULTS: A total of 654 articles were examined. The percentage of high-LOE studies increased throughout the study period. The percentage of publications with female authors also increased throughout the study period. The mean number of authors per article increased from 3.2 to 4.6 over the 10-year period (P < 0.05). The percentage of publications with international collaboration stayed consistent, while the number of countries per year increased during the study period. Overall, institutions from 23 countries have published in Sports Health since its inception to the time of this study. CONCLUSION: Female authorship in Sports Health surpasses industry standards, and the percentage of high-LOE studies remains remarkably high. Sports Health has stayed true to its multidisciplinary scope, as evidenced by the authors' varying degrees and numerous countries that publish in the journal.

Time trends in physical activity in the Tromsø study: An update.

Although the health benefits of physical activity are well documented, a large proportion of the population fails to meet current guidelines for physical activity. In order to develop evidence-based public health policies, surveillance of physical activity prevalence and trends is essential. The main aim of this study was to present updated data on physical activity trends in a Norwegian general population over the last decades. Data were collected from 40 690 individuals (50% men) aged ≥20 years participating in at least one of six surveys of the population-based Tromsø Study between 1979 and 2016. Age-standardized prevalences and trends in leisure-time and occupational physical activity were obtained from three questionnaires used in the different surveys. We observed an increase in the proportion engaging in exercise in leisure-time between 1994-95 and 2001 (p <0.001). Based on a different questionnaire, the age-standardized prevalence of engagement in exercise in leisure-time increased significantly from 16% in 2001 to 23% in 2007-08, and further to 28% in 2015-16 (p <0.001). The proportion who reported exercising approximately every day increased from 19% in 2007-08 to 28% in 2015-16 (p <0.001). The age-standardized prevalence of sedentary occupational activity increased from 53% in 2007-08 to 57% in 2015-16 (p <0.001), which extends the gradual increase from 36% in 1979-80.The present study extends previous findings from the Tromsø Study by demonstrating an increase in the proportion exercising regularly over the last three decades. This increase may partially counteract the gradual increase in the proportion with sedentary occupational activity.