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1.
Epilepsy Res ; 202: 107359, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38582072

RESUMO

PURPOSE: In developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep (DEE-SWAS), the thalamocortical network is suggested to play an important role in the pathophysiology of the progression from focal epilepsy to DEE-SWAS. Ethosuximide (ESM) exerts effects by blocking T-type calcium channels in thalamic neurons. With the thalamocortical network in mind, we studied the prediction of ESM effectiveness in DEE-SWAS treatment using phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) analysis. METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled children with DEE-SWAS who had an electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded between January 2009 and September 2022 and were prescribed ESM at Okayama University Hospital. Only patients whose EEG showed continuous spike-and-wave during sleep were included. We extracted 5-min non-rapid eye movement sleep stage N2 segments from EEG recorded before starting ESM. We calculated the modulation index (MI) as the measure of PAC in pair combination comprising one of two fast oscillation types (gamma, 40-80 Hz; ripples, 80-150 Hz) and one of five slow-wave bands (delta, 0.5-1, 1-2, 2-3, and 3-4 Hz; theta, 4-8 Hz), and compared it between ESM responders and non-responders. RESULTS: We identified 20 children with a diagnosis of DEE-SWAS who took ESM. Fifteen were ESM responders. Regarding gamma oscillations, significant differences were seen only in MI with 0.5-1 Hz slow waves in the frontal pole and occipital regions. Regarding ripples, ESM responders had significantly higher MI in coupling with all slow waves in the frontal pole region, 0.5-1, 3-4, and 4-8 Hz slow waves in the frontal region, 3-4 Hz slow waves in the parietal region, 0.5-1, 2-3, 3-4, and 4-8 Hz slow waves in the occipital region, and 3-4 Hz slow waves in the anterior-temporal region. SIGNIFICANCE: High MI in a wider area of the brain may represent the epileptic network mediated by the thalamus in DEE-SWAS and may be a predictor of ESM effectiveness.


Assuntos
Anticonvulsivantes , Eletroencefalografia , Etossuximida , Sono , Humanos , Etossuximida/uso terapêutico , Etossuximida/farmacologia , Masculino , Feminino , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Anticonvulsivantes/farmacologia , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Sono/efeitos dos fármacos , Sono/fisiologia , Lactente , Ondas Encefálicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Ondas Encefálicas/fisiologia , Tálamo/efeitos dos fármacos , Tálamo/fisiopatologia , Espasmos Infantis/tratamento farmacológico , Espasmos Infantis/fisiopatologia
2.
Neurosci Lett ; 826: 137693, 2024 Mar 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38428726

RESUMO

Ethosuximide is the first drug reported to protect against age-related hearing loss, but its benefits are hampered by the pronounced side effects generated through systemic administration. We prepared a thermosensitive hydrogel containing ethosuximide-encapsulated multivesicular liposomes (ethosuximide-loaded MVLs-Gel) and evaluated its functional and histological effects on age-related hearing loss in C57BL/6J mice. The MVLs-Gel showed slow sustained-release characteristics up to over 120 h. After 8 weeks of treatment, compared to the oral systemic administration of ethosuximide, intratympanic ethosuximide-loaded MVLs-Gel injection dramatically reduced the loss of age-related spiral ganglion neurons in the apical turns of the mice (low-frequency regions, p < 0.05). Correspondingly, compared to the oral systemic administration group, the intratympanic ethosuximide-loaded MVLs-Gel injection group showed significantly lower auditory brainstem response threshold shifts at stimulus frequencies of 4, 8, and 16 kHz (low-and middle-frequency regions, p < 0.05). In conclusion, intratympanic ethosuximide-loaded MVLs-Gel injection can reach the apical turn of the cochlea, which is extremely difficult with oral systemic administration of the drug. The ethosuximide-loaded MVLs-Gel, as a novel intratympanic sustained-release drug delivery system, attenuated age-related hearing loss in C57BL/6J mice.


Assuntos
Perda Auditiva , Lipossomos , Camundongos , Animais , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Etossuximida/farmacologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Hidrogéis
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 23(11): 1139-41, 1990. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-91615

RESUMO

Male Wistar rats were sugjected to daily sessions of electrical amygdala kindling until a generalized seixure was observed on five consecutive days. Bilateral microinections (0.5 micronl) of ethosuximide (ETX) (10 pg/micronl) or saline were then administered though guide cannulas into the substantia nigra (pars reticulata). No significant difference was observed between the ETX (N = 8) and saline (N = 8) groups in duration of afterdischarge or in the latency for stage 5 generalized seizures. Our results indicate that ETX applied to the substantia nigra is not effective in suppressing amydala-kindled seizure


Assuntos
Ratos , Animais , Masculino , Tonsila do Cerebelo/efeitos dos fármacos , Etossuximida/farmacologia , Excitação Neurológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Convulsões/fisiopatologia , Substância Negra/fisiologia , Tonsila do Cerebelo/fisiologia , Estimulação Elétrica , Eletroencefalografia , Etossuximida/administração & dosagem , Excitação Neurológica/fisiologia , Microinjeções , Ratos Endogâmicos , Substância Negra
4.
Bol. micol ; 4(1): 41-5, dic. 1988. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-79247

RESUMO

Se obtuvo la inhibición total del desarrollo fúngico in vitro durante 48 o más horas, al agregar al medio de cultivo los fármacos siguientes: para Acremonium potronii y A. falciforme 50 ug/ml de sulfametoxazol; para Fusarium solanii sulfametoxazol 100 ug/ml más fenilbutazona 30 ug/ml más etosuccimida 100 ug/ml o sulfametoxazol 100 ug/ml mas ibuprofeno 30 ug/ml más etosuccimida 100 ug/ml; para Candida albicans y Aspergillus niger ketoconazol 0.5 ug/ml más gentamicina 3-10 ug/ml; para A. fumigatus sulfametoxazol 100 ug/ml más yoduro de potasio 100 ug/ml más metamizol 100 ug/ml o sulfametoxazol 80-100 ug/ml más fenilbutazona 20-30 ug/ml más etosuccimida 100 ug/ml; o sulfametoxazol 80 ug/ml más clorpromacina 10 ug/ml


Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas In Vitro , Acremonium/efeitos dos fármacos , Aspergillus fumigatus/efeitos dos fármacos , Aspergillus niger/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Clorpromazina/farmacologia , Dipirona/farmacologia , Combinação de Medicamentos , Etossuximida/farmacologia , Fusarium/efeitos dos fármacos , Gentamicinas/farmacologia , Ibuprofeno/farmacologia , Cetoconazol/farmacologia , Fenilbutazona/farmacologia , Iodeto de Potássio/farmacologia , Sulfametoxazol/farmacologia
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