Isolated cavernous venous malformation of the eyelid.

Cavernous hemangioma, currently known as "cavernous venous malformation," is a common, benign, non-infiltrative, slowly progressive vascular malformation of the orbit presenting in adults. We report the case of a 9-year-old girl who presented with a painless palpable mass over the right upper eyelid of 7 years' duration. A computed tomography scan of the orbits revealed a heterogeneously enhancing, well-circumscribed mass in the right upper eyelid with no orbital extension. A transcutaneous excisional biopsy with histopathology disclosed cavernous venous malformation. The majority of cavernous venous malformations are intraconal and present in the fourth to fifth decade of life.

Inflammatory myofibroblastoma mimicking cavernous hemangioma in the liver.

A 37-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital with a large liver mass, diagnosed as hepatic inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (HIMT), characterized by unique radiographic features and predominantly occurring in adults. HIMT consists of myofibroblast spindle cells infiltrated by plasma cells and/or lymphocytes, with an unclear aetiology linked to factors like infection and immune response. Treatment typically involves surgical resection, with chemotherapy or targeted therapy options for cases of incomplete resection or metastasis, emphasizing the need for precise diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies.

Optochiasmatic Cavernomas: Updated systematic review and proposal of a novel classification with surgical approaches.

Cavernomas are histologically benign vascular malformations found at different sites in the brain. A rare site for such cavernomas, however, is the anterior optic pathway, comprising the optic nerve, chiasma, and optic tract-called optochiasmatic cavernomas (OCC). These lesions usually present with sudden onset or progressive vision loss, headache, and features mimicking pituitary apoplexy. In this paper, we describe a case of OCC operated at our center. We carry out an updated review of literature depicting cases of OCC, their clinical presentation, management, and postoperative complications. We also propose a novel classification system based on lesion location and further analyze these cavernoma types with respect to the surgical approach used and visual outcome. A 30-year-old lady had presented with a 3-week history of progressive bilateral vision loss and headache. Based on imaging, she was suspected to have a cavernous angioma of the chiasma and left optic tract. Due to progressive vision deterioration, the lesion was surgically excised using pterional craniotomy. Postoperatively, her visual symptoms improved, but she developed diabetes insipidus. Clinical and radiological follow-up has been done for 18 months after surgery. A total of 81 cases have been described in the literature, including the present case. Chiasmal apoplexy is the most common presentation. Surgical excision is the standard of care. Our analysis based on lesion location shows the most appropriate surgical approach to be used for each cavernoma type. Visual outcome correlates with the preoperative visual status. Visual outcome is good in patients presenting with acute chiasmal apoplexy, and when complete surgical excision is performed. The endonasal endoscopic approach was found to provide the best visual outcome. In addition to preoperative visual status, complete surgical excision predicts favorable visual outcomes in OCC. Our proposed classification system guides the appropriate surgical approach required for a particular location of the cavernoma.

A rare case report of cervical hemangioma and a comprehensive literature review of 137 cases of cervical and uterine hemangiomas.

The cervix of the uterus is a rare site for cavernous hemangiomas. Cervical hemangiomas are slow-growing tumors with characteristic histological findings, including dilated vessels with increased endothelial cells. Although their pathophysiology remains unclear, hormones are believed to play an important role in the development of these vascular tumors. They may be asymptomatic due to their small size, but they can cause gynecological and obstetrical complications, including abnormal uterine bleeding and impaired fertility. Due to their small size, conservative treatment is the first line of management. Hysterectomy is considered for refractory cases or for patients who are not of childbearing age. In this study, firstly, we presented a case of a 60-year-old postmenopausal female without any gynecological-related signs or symptoms with a polypoid nodule hanging over the anterior cervical wall through its stalk. The surgical biopsy revealed no signs of neoplastic changes, with the only notable finding being a benign vascular lesion representing a cavernous hemangiomatous cervical polyp. The patient underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and she is currently healthy without any further abnormal findings. Additionally, we provided a comprehensive review of 137 cases in the literature since 1883, detailing their characteristics, signs and symptoms, and pathology.

Female Urethral Cavernous Hemangioma: Introducing Treatment and Follow-Up Course of Three Cases.

Cavernous hemangioma is a benign vascular tumor occurring in all parts of the urinary system, including the kidney, bladder, prostate, ureter, and rarely urethra. Urethral cavernous hemangiomas are mostly seen in male patients, and only a few cases of female urethral hemangiomas are reported. Herein, we present the management and follow-up course of 3 cases of female urethral cavernous hemangioma. All 3 cases were menopause women complaining of lower urinary tract symptoms. Definitive diagnosis is made by histopathologic evaluation. In case of large or pedunculated masses, initial surgical resection is highly recommended. Regular follow-up of patients in order to prevent any recurrence is suggested.

Rare Oral Hemangioma in Pregnancy: A Case Series Providing Clinical Insight into Patient Care.

BACKGROUND Hemangiomas are defined as benign soft tissue vascular tumors that are histologically classified as capillary, cavernous, or mixed types. Hemangiomas can also be described based on clinical appearance as superficial, mixed, or deep lesions. Following a thorough search, only 3 case reports of superficial protruding lip mass were found in the literature. Other cases of tongue hemangioma have been reported in infants or young toddlers, and only rarely in adults. CASE REPORT The first case was a 43-year-old pregnant woman, with an unremarkable medical and surgical history, in the second trimester who presented to the Otolaryngology Clinic with a chief concern of a progressively growing lesion, measuring 0.7×0.5 cm, over the lateral right side of the tongue for the last 2 weeks after accidentally biting her tongue during dinner. The second case was a 26-year-old woman with unremarkable medical and surgical history who presented to our Otolaryngology Clinic with a chief concern of a non-painful soft fungating pink-red lip lesion 1.5×1 cm across the right lower lip growing for the last 4 months. This lesion appeared during the third trimester of pregnancy following a lip injury that was described as minor trauma. CONCLUSIONS Although hemangiomas can occur anywhere on the body, they are most commonly found in the head and neck. These lesions are usually recognized quickly by patients and treating physicians and are thus clinically diagnosed. Most vascular benign lesions regress on their own, but if detected early, they are surgically excised for cosmetic and functional reasons.

Giant Sclerosing Hepatic Hemangioma Presenting as Bornman-Terblanche-Blumgart Syndrome: a Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Hepatic hemangioma represents the most frequent benign tumor originating from the liver. When the tumor exceeds 10 cm, and in some studies 4 or 5 cm, it is considered giant, which accounts for 10% of all hemangiomas arising from the liver. Histologically, Sclerosing hepatic hemangioma, in particular, is an exceedingly rare subtype of hemangioma. Clinically Bornman-Terblanche-Blumgart syndrome is a very rare complication of hepatic hemangioma. Objective: The aim of this case presentation was to contribute to the literature by documenting a case of giant sclerosing hemangioma diagnosed in a 36-year-old female presenting with Bornman-Terblanche-Blumgart syndrome, along with a brief review of the literature. Case report: The current paper documents two rare clinical and histological features of hepatic hemangioma. Bornman-Terblanche-Blumgart syndrome is complicated a giant hepatic hemangioma found histologically to be sclerosing in nature. Knowledge about the uncommon complications of liver hemangioma permits the implementation of appropriate interventions in a timely manner and, in turn, can enhance the patient's quality of life and minimize rates of associated mortality.

[Multimodal diagnostics of retinal cavernous hemangioma]. / Mul'timodal'naya diagnostika kavernoznoi gemangiomy setchatki.

Cavernous hemangioma of the retina - a rarely occurring hamartoma that is predominantly found in the young age; it can be accompanied by cavernous hemangiomas of the skin and central nervous system. In Russian scientific literature this disease has not been described in sufficient detail. The article presents two clinical cases of incidentally diagnosed cavernous hemangioma of the retina. Multimodal diagnostics approach was used to confirm histological findings described in literature, which are characteristic of retinal cavernous hemangioma.

A Case of a Refractory Bleeding Giant Vaginal Wall Cavernous Hemangioma Successfully Managed with Sclerotherapy.

BACKGROUND Vaginal wall hemangiomas are extremely rare, benign, vascular tumors of the female genitalia. Most cases occur in childhood, but a few cases can be acquired; however, the mechanism of hemangioma formation remains unknown. Most hemangiomas involving female genital organs are small and asymptomatic. However, huge hemangiomas can cause irregular genital bleeding, infertility, and miscarriage. Surgical excision and embolization are the most common treatment options. We reveal that sclerotherapy achieved good outcomes in a patient with an intractable huge vaginal wall hemangioma. CASE REPORT A 71-year-old woman visited a local doctor with concerns of frequent urination. A ring pessary was inserted after a diagnosis of pelvic organ prolapse. However, symptoms did not improve, and the patient consulted another hospital. The previous physician diagnosed vaginal wall tumors and prolapse and performed a colporrhaphy. However, she was referred to our hospital with heavy intraoperative bleeding. Imaging examination revealed a huge hemangioma on the vaginal wall, which was histologically diagnosed as a cavernous hemangioma. Angiography revealed hemorrhage in the right peripheral vaginal artery. Owing to concerns regarding extensive vaginal wall necrosis caused by arterial embolization, sclerotherapy using monoethanolamine oleate was selected. Hemostasis was achieved 1 month after sclerotherapy, and postoperative imaging showed the lesion had shrunk in size. No recurrence of hemangioma was observed 19 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS We report a case of a large vaginal wall intractable bleeding hemangioma. Sclerotherapy can be a suitable treatment option for large vaginal hemangiomas that are too extensive to be treated using surgery or arterial embolization.

Thymic cavernous haemangioma in a dog.

A 12-year-old male neutered Australian Shepherd Dog was presented to Charlotte Animal Referral & Emergency with a history of a thoracic mass. On physical examination, physiological parameters were within the normal ranges, and a complete haemogram and serum biochemistry profile were unremarkable except for mild thrombocytopenia. A computed tomography scan revealed a 21 × 15 × 12.7 cm thoracic mass encompassing the cranial mediastinum and extending to the right caudal thorax. The mass was surgically removed and histopathological evaluation revealed that it comprised remnants of the thymus and a neoplasm composed of large blood-filled vascular spaces lined by a single layer of endothelial cells with mild anisocytosis and anisokaryosis. The neoplastic cells had diffuse strong immunolabeling for endothelial cell marker CD31. Multifocally, there were large cystic degenerated areas of thymic tissue lined by plump cytokeratin AE1/AE3-positive epithelial cells. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of thymic cavernous haemangioma (CH) was made. Thymic CH is rare in animals, with the only reported case in a cross bred cow. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a thymic CH in a dog.

Cavernous mediastinal hemangioma presenting with persistent cough: a rare case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Cavernous hemangioma is a rare benign tumor which can sometimes mimic the clinical presentation and radiological findings of malignant tumors. Here we present a rare presentation of cavernous hemangioma in the mediastinum (CHM), along with a literature review among the main databases. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a 48-year-old male who had suffered from persistent cough as the sole symptom of an anterior CHM. Computed tomography scan demonstrated a 12.5 × 10.8 cm mass in the anterior mediastinum. The mass was surgically resected, and histopathological evaluation established the diagnosis of CHM. The patient was discharged in good condition, in which during his four-month follow-up period, no recurrence of the tumor has been observed. CONCLUSION: Although cavernous hemangioma rarely present in the mediastinum, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal tumors. However, our review of literature demonstrated a female dominance and average age of 40 years, with a 52% mortality rate based on previous reports.

A Patient of Venous Hemangioma of the Inferior Turbinate.

Sinonasal hemangiomas are relatively rare among the hemangiomas that occur from the head and neck parts. According to their histopathologic findings, they are classified as capillary, cavernous, or venous type. Some cases of capillary or cavernous hemangioma that occur from the inferior turbinate have been reported. However, there was no reported case of venous hemangioma arising from the inferior turbinate. We present a case of 67-year-old male who has venous hemangioma of the left inferior turbinate whose initial symptoms were watery rhinorrhea and postnasal drip. With this study, although uncommon, venous hemangioma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patient with mass lesion of the inferior turbinate.

Not Always a Thymoma - About a Mediastinal Cavernous Hemangioma.

A mediastinal cavernous hemangioma is difficult to distinguish from other types of mediastinal tumours. They are usually asymptomatic and incidentally discovered in an imaging study but can present with compressive symptoms or by infiltration of adjacent structures. A 64-year-old woman with a prior history of triple negative invasive carcinoma of the breast, under surveillance was referred after a Chest CT-scan showed a soft tissue 40x20 mm mediastinal mass, suggestive of a thymoma, and as such no tissue biopsy was obtained. A right-side uniportal VATS was performed, the anterior mediastinum dissected and the mass was exposed, and several anomalous veins were identified. Histopathology showed 36x31x15 mm mass, compatible with a cavernous hemangioma of the anterior mediastinum. This case, whilst not questioning the NCCN statement suggesting not doing a tissue biopsy, points to the fact that rare differential diagnosis, like a Cavernous Hemangioma do exist, and a careful and sound judgement is needed at all times.

A rare case of mediastinal mass with massive pleural effusion misdiagnosed as neurogenic tumor.

BACKGROUND: Mediastinal cavernous hemangiomas are extremely rare vascular tumors. To the best of our knowledge less than 20 cases of posterior mediastinal hemangioma have been reported in literature, and this is the first case of mediastinal cavernous hemangioma presenting with massive pleural effusion. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 56-year-old female who presented with cough and chest tightness and was found with a massive pleural effusion in chest CT. It was mistaken for a malignant pleural effusion. A posterior mediastinal lesion was observed after thoracic drainage and misdiagnosed again as neurofibroma. The lesion was resected and post-operative histopathology suggested that it was a cavernous hemangioma. Post-operative recovery was uneventful, and a follow-up examination nearly 14 months later showed the patient had no recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the lack of diagnostic specificity and variety of clinical manifestations, CHM is often misdiagnosed prior to resection. This is the first description of mediastinal hemangioma presenting with massive pleural effusion. It is very important to consider mediastinal hemangioma before operation to reduce surgical complications, and it should be in the differential diagnosis of posterior mediastinal masses.

[Cerebral and spinal cavernomas]. / Zerebrale und spinale Kavernome.

CLINICAL/METHODICAL ISSUE: Cavernous malformations or cavernomas belong to the angiodysplasias. They may be sporadic or familial and cause symptoms (epilepsy) despite the absence of a left-to-right shunt. In addition to intracranial locations, spinal cavernomas are also found. STANDARD RADIOLOGICAL METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are used for diagnosis PERFORMANCE: MRI, except for acutely or subacutely hemorrhaged cavernomas, is superior to CT for lesion detection. ACHIEVEMENTS: CT is reserved for acute diagnosis. MRI, especially susceptibility-sensitive gradient echo sequences, can also detect cavernomas without (sub-)acute hemorrhage or calcifications. PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS: MRI is also useful for differentiating the familial form vs. sporadic form. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is used for differential diagnosis in rare cases, as cavernomas show no correlate here.

Pure extraosseous spinal epidural cavernous hemangioma presenting with acute paraplegia: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Spinal hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors that most commonly originate from the osseous structures of the spinal column. Epidural spinal hemangiomas without osseous involvement are uncommon and are classified as pure epidural spinal hemangiomas. Extraosseous spinal epidural cavernous hemangiomas are rarely described and among available reports; most patients present with slowly progressive neurological symptoms. Herein, we present a novel case of acute neurological dysfunction from a pure spinal epidural hemangioma that was managed through surgical resection with good neurological recovery at follow-up. CASE PRESENTATION: A 45-year-old previously healthy man presented to the emergency room with sudden inability to ambulate and was found to have bilateral lower extremity weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine demonstrated an epidural mass extending out of the right T5/6 neural foramen. The mass enhanced heterogeneously, and the preoperative diagnosis favored an atypical schwannoma. The lesion was surgically removed en-bloc through a midline posterior decompression with instrumentation. Histopathologic examination confirmed cavernous hemangioma pathology. Within 6 weeks of the surgical intervention, the patient had regained full sensorimotor function and these effects were durable through long term follow-up. DISCUSSION: Pure spinal epidural hemangiomas are rare and generally have an insidious clinical course. This case report highlights that these uncommon lesions may present with substantial and acute neurological dysfunction requiring urgent neurosurgical intervention. This should prompt clinicians to consider cavernous hemangioma in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with acute neurological deterioration and an epidural spinal tumor.