Josicélia Dumêt Fernandes' professional trajectory: contributions to psychiatric and mental health nursing.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze nurse Josicélia Dumêt Fernandes' life story, with emphasis on her work in the psychiatry and mental health fields. METHODS: historical, qualitative research. Semi-structured interviews and documentary research were used as data collection techniques, collected from September to October 2021. For data analysis, we opted for the content analysis method and comparison with the Foucauldian philosophical framework. RESULTS: four categories emerged: Transforming herself and mental health practices; (Re)framing professional practice; Nursing practice and power relations; and The paths and implications in the psychiatry and mental health fields. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the study of the biographer demonstrates a search for transformation of herself and mental health practices, with a rupture in paradigms and reframing of her practice in psychiatry and mental health.

Fangyuan Hua.

Interview with Fangyuan Hua, who studies forest biodiversity and conservation at Peking University.

On Professor Robert Lipschitz, MB, ChB, PhD(Med), FRCS(Edin) and the Spinal Cord Injury Service, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Professor Robert Lipschitz, MB, ChB, PhD(Med), FRCS(Edin) was a pioneer who established the Spinal Cord Injury Unit, at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa. A brief description of his academic and clinical accomplishments is given.

Transitions in development - an interview with Thibaut Brunet.

Thibaut Brunet is a group leader at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, France, where he works on choanoflagellates (known as 'choanos' for short). These unicellular organisms are close relatives of animals that have the potential to form multicellular assemblies under certain conditions, and Thibaut's lab are leveraging them to gain insights into how animal morphogenesis evolved. We met with Thibaut over Zoom to discuss his career path so far, and learnt how an early interest in dinosaurs contributed to his life-long fascination with evolutionary biology.

A history of the McGill Department of Surgery: the first 100 years (1923-2023).

SummaryIn 1923, just over 100 years ago, Edward William Archibald was appointed the first chair of surgery in McGill University's Faculty of Medicine. This milestone provides an opportunity to reflect on where the department has come from and how it has progressed to the present day. Although the size, breadth, and diversity of the department members have changed notably over the century, the core values of innovative clinical care, research, and education established a century ago continue to this day. To reflect his values, the Archibald Chair of Surgery was established in 1990 and is today held by the department chair.

Historical Inequities in Medical Education - Commitment to Opportunity, Diversity, and Equity at the University of Hawai'i School of Medicine.

Medical education in the US has contributed to institutionalized racism through historically exclusionary practices, which has led to health disparities and inequities in health care today. The 1910 Flexner report, which favored schools with greater resources, led to the closure of nearly half of medical schools in the Us, which were mostly small schools located in rural communities that served economically disadvantaged, ethnic minority, and female populations. Closing these schools ultimately limited the availability of physicians willing to serve disadvantaged and minority populations in impoverished and underserved communities. In order to transform medical education to be more equitable, medical schools must be proactive in opportunity, diversity, and equity efforts. This not only includes efforts in admissions and faculty hiring, but also curricula related to social and health disparities, interracial interactions between students and faculty, and service learning activities that engage and work with marginalized communities. The University of Hawai'i John A. Burns School of Medicine has a longstanding commitment to diversity, which is integral to the school's mission. Providing opportunities to underserved populations has been a priority since establishment of the school. As one of the most diverse univeristies in the US, the school of medicine continues to focus on opportunity, diversity, and equity priorities in both its strategic planning and overall mission.

A Historical Overview of the Role of Benzodiazepines including Clonazepam in the Treatment of Adult Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep.

In a recent survey of 16,694 people receiving treatment for Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), approximately 25% were treated with benzodiazepines either singly or in combination with other RLS treatments. Because of the large number of people receiving benzodiazepines for treatment of RLS, we conducted a historical overview of the therapeutic role of benzodiazepines in RLS and its associated condition Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep (PLMS). We found 17 articles on the use of clonazepam in RLS, PLMS, or both, 3 on triazolam and PLMS, 1 on alprazolam and RLS, 1 on temazepam and PLMS, and 1 on nitrazepam and PLMS. The order of benefit of benzodiazepines from the summarized literature is Sleep>RLS>PLMS and arousals > PLMS. Most of the studies on clonazepam employed dosages of 0.5-2.0 mg. Dosages of 3 or 4 mg caused lethargy, somnolence and confusion. An epidemiological study on the therapy of RLS suggests that treatment of RLS with most types of RLS medications including benzodiazepines in combination with other RLS therapies lowers the future cardiovascular risk associated with RLS. The major effect of benzodiazepines is through potentiation of the effect of GABA on the GABA A receptor. Neuroimaging studies suggest that GABA is altered either positively or negatively in various brain regions in RLS and genetic studies suggest that there are alterations in the GABA receptor in RLS. These results suggest that medications with different GABAergic mechanisms such as tiagabine (Gabitril) or others should be investigated in RLS for their possible therapeutic benefit. Highlights: Benzodiazepines are frequently used as therapy in Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep. The order of benefit is Sleep>RLS>PLMS and arousals > PLMS. For clonazepam dosages of 0.5 mg-2.0 mg/day are most frequently employed. Benzodiazepines exert their therapeutic effect through GABA-ergic mechanisms.

The people behind the papers - J. Guillermo Sanchez and Jim Wells.

During development, the gastrointestinal tract undergoes patterning along its anterior-posterior axis to define regions with distinct organs and functions. A new paper in Development derives human intestinal organoids from an individual with duodenal defects and a compound heterozygous variant in the gene encoding the transcription factor RFX6. By studying these organoids, the authors identify novel roles for RFX6 in intestinal patterning. To learn more about the story behind the paper, we caught up with first author J. Guillermo Sanchez and corresponding author Jim Wells, an endowed professor in the Division of Developmental Biology at Cincinnati Children's Hospital, USA, where he is also the Director for Basic Research in the Division of Endocrinology.