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2.
Forensic Sci Int Genet ; 42: 1-7, 2019 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31195186

RESUMO

Although autosomal DNA testing has been available for a number of years, its use to reconstruct genetic profiles of people that lived centuries in the past is relatively recent and there are no published cases where it was employed to verify a kinship relation, likely to be an alleged paternity, that occurred one and a half century ago. DNA testing has already been employed to study the ancestry and posterity of Joseph Smith Jr., founder of the Latter-day Saint (Mormon) movement. Thanks to information found on the paternally inherited Y chromosome, a number of alleged paternities have been disproved, but obviously this analysis is not effective for alleged daughters. Likewise, his reconstructed mitogenome sequence, reported here for the first time, provides information about his maternal ancestry, but is useless in any paternity questions due to the strict maternal inheritance. Among all the children attributed to Joseph Smith Jr., Josephine Lyon, born in 1844, is perhaps the most frequently mentioned. In the current study, 56 individuals, mostly direct descendants of Joseph Smith Jr. and Josephine Lyon, had their autosomal DNA tested to verify Josephine's biological paternity. Nearly 600,000 autosomal SNPs from each subject were typed and detailed genealogical data were compiled. The absence of shared DNA between Josephine's grandson and Joseph Smith Jr.'s five great-grandchildren together with various amounts of autosomal DNA shared by the same individual with four other relatives of Windsor Lyon is a clear indication that Josephine was not related to the Smith, but to the Lyon's family. These inferences were also verified using kinship analyses and likelihood ratio calculations.


Assuntos
Impressões Digitais de DNA , Paternidade , Linhagem , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Igreja de Jesus Cristo dos Santos dos Últimos Dias/história , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Triagem e Testes Direto ao Consumidor , Pessoas Famosas , Feminino , Genótipo , História do Século XIX , Humanos , Funções Verossimilhança , Masculino , Casamento , Estados Unidos
4.
J Interdiscip Hist ; 42(4): 519-41, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22530252

RESUMO

Analysis of the fertility histories of women born between 1850 and 1900, as given in the Utah Population Database (UPDB), reveals the effect of the number, as well as the sex composition, of previous children on birth-stopping and birth-spacing decisions. Specifically, agricultural and Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) households­two sub-populations that might have placed different values on male and female children for economic, social, and/or cultural reasons­showed a distinct preference for male children, as expressed by birth stopping after the birth of a male child and shorter birth intervals in higher-parity births when most previous children were female. Remarkably, women in both the early "natural fertility" and the later contraceptive eras used spacing behavior to achieve a desired sex mix. Although the LDS population had relatively high fertility rates, it had the same preferences for male children as the non-LDS population did. Farmers, who presumably had a need for family labor, were more interested in the quantity than in the sex mix of their children.


Assuntos
Intervalo entre Nascimentos , Igreja de Jesus Cristo dos Santos dos Últimos Dias , Fertilidade , Dinâmica Populacional , Caracteres Sexuais , Intervalo entre Nascimentos/etnologia , Intervalo entre Nascimentos/psicologia , Igreja de Jesus Cristo dos Santos dos Últimos Dias/história , Igreja de Jesus Cristo dos Santos dos Últimos Dias/psicologia , Família/etnologia , Família/história , Família/psicologia , História do Século XIX , Dinâmica Populacional/história , Estados Unidos/etnologia , Utah/etnologia
5.
Libr Cult Rec ; 46(2): 135-55, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21913366

RESUMO

After the renunciation of polygamy, Mormon women formed secular women's clubs as a means of collaborating with non-Mormon women in the construction of a shared secular society. Their common goal was the establishment and maintenance of the mainstream American social order. Activity in these clubs extended women's sphere into the public realm through socially acceptable public activities such as the temperance cause, civic improvements, political reform movements, and child welfare. The women campaigned for public support of libraries as institutions that would construct, preserve, and transmit American culture, educate the young, strengthen the home and family, and reform society.


Assuntos
Educação , Bibliotecas , Mudança Social , Responsabilidade Social , Mulheres Trabalhadoras , Igreja de Jesus Cristo dos Santos dos Últimos Dias/história , Igreja de Jesus Cristo dos Santos dos Últimos Dias/psicologia , Educação/economia , Educação/história , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Bibliotecas/economia , Bibliotecas/história , Organizações/economia , Organizações/história , Secularismo/história , Mudança Social/história , Utah/etnologia , Direitos da Mulher/economia , Direitos da Mulher/educação , Direitos da Mulher/história , Direitos da Mulher/legislação & jurisprudência , Mulheres Trabalhadoras/educação , Mulheres Trabalhadoras/história , Mulheres Trabalhadoras/legislação & jurisprudência , Mulheres Trabalhadoras/psicologia
7.
Neurosurgery ; 67(3): 781-8; discussion 788, 2010 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20651622

RESUMO

Located in the geographic Intermountain West, the Department of Neurosurgery at the University of Utah has undergone remarkable growth and transformation since the appointment of the first full-time clinical faculty member in 1955. The Department has provided broad neurosurgical services to an expanding community while fulfilling its academic mission of pushing the frontiers within neurosurgical subspecialties. The history of neurosurgery in the Salt Lake Valley and the achievements of the Department of Neurosurgery, including the seminal development of early cranial stereotactic devices, are reviewed in this article.


Assuntos
Centros Médicos Acadêmicos/história , Neurocirurgia/história , Faculdades de Medicina/história , Igreja de Jesus Cristo dos Santos dos Últimos Dias/história , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/história , Pesquisa Translacional Biomédica/história , Utah
9.
Soc Biol ; 50(3-4): 270-80, 2003.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16382816

RESUMO

This study tests the grandmother hypothesis and analyzes the effect of kin propinquity on infant mortality in a 19th century American frontier communal, polygynous population. The study shows that the presence of maternal grandmothers, aunts, uncles, and paternal aunts were significantly associated with increased infant survivorship while grandfathers, paternal grandmothers, and paternal uncles showed little effect. This study has implications for understanding the evolution of a long postreproductive life span, postmarital residential strategies, and behavioral strategies that enhance inclusive fitness.


Assuntos
Igreja de Jesus Cristo dos Santos dos Últimos Dias/história , Características da Família/etnologia , Cuidado do Lactente/história , Mortalidade Infantil/história , Relação entre Gerações/etnologia , Casamento/história , Adolescente , Antropologia Cultural , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Relações Familiares , Feminino , História do Século XIX , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Casamento/etnologia , Fatores de Risco , Meio Social , Análise de Sobrevida , Estados Unidos , Utah/epidemiologia
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