RESUMO
A large-scale study was carried out in the Polish goat population in 2014-2021 to determine the herd-level true seroprevalence (HTP) of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (Cp) and paratuberculosis (PTB) caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (Map). Two-stage cluster sampling was applied to herds counting at least 20 adult goats (aged >1 year) and in each herd all males and 10-13 females were tested. At least one seropositive goat regardless of its sex was necessary to consider the herd as infected. HTP was estimated using the Bayesian approach with the Gibbs sampler in the EpiTools and reported as the median and 95â¯% credibility interval (95â¯% CrI). A total of 1282 adult goats from 86 herds were serologically tested using two commercial ELISAs (Cp-ELISA and Map-ELISA). At least 1 seropositive result of Cp-ELISA and Map-ELISA was obtained in 73/86 herds (84.9â¯%) and 40/86 herds (46.5â¯%), respectively. HTP of CLA was estimated at 73.3â¯% (95â¯% CrI: 65.0â¯%, 80.4â¯%) and HTP of PTB was estimated at 42.9â¯% (95â¯% CrI: 25.8â¯%, 58.0â¯%). There was a significant positive association between the occurrence of CLA and PTB in the herds (odds ratio 6.0, 95â¯% confidence interval: 1.2, 28.8; p = 0.010). Probability of the seropositive result for PTB was also significantly higher in Cp-seropositive goats than in Cp-seronegative goats (odds ratio 3.9, 95â¯% confidence interval: 2.4, 6.3; p < 0.001) which could indicate either a higher risk of co-infection or a higher rate of false positive results for PTB in Cp-positive goats. To investigate this issue, optical densities obtained in Map-ELISA were compared between Cp-positive and Cp-negative goats and results of Map-ELISA were adjusted accordingly. Map-negative sera from Cp-positive goats turned out to have significantly higher optical densities than Map-negative sera from Cp-negative goats (p < 0.001). After the adjustment, the herd-level apparent seroprevalence of PTB was 41.9â¯% (36/86 herds) so it still fell within the 95â¯% CrI of HTP of PTB calculated before the adjustment. Concluding, CLA appears to be widespread in the Polish goat population. In many of them it may be subclinical at the moment, however will likely emerge in the future as the disease follows cyclic pattern in Poland. On the other hand, given the total lack of clinical PTB in Polish goats, an explanation for a high HTP of PTB remains unclear and warrants further studies using tests of higher analytical specificity than ELISA.
Assuntos
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Doenças das Cabras , Cabras , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis , Paratuberculose , Animais , Paratuberculose/epidemiologia , Paratuberculose/sangue , Paratuberculose/microbiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Doenças das Cabras/epidemiologia , Doenças das Cabras/microbiologia , Doenças das Cabras/sangue , Polônia/epidemiologia , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Masculino , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Infecções por Corynebacterium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/microbiologia , Linfadenite/veterinária , Linfadenite/epidemiologia , Linfadenite/microbiologia , Teorema de Bayes , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Background: Affection with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (C. pseudotuberculosis) and development of cellulitis and/or abscess formation with cutaneous lymphangitis in cattle is rare to some extent, so literature about the biochemical changes that would accompany this infection is rare. Aim: In this context, the present study was designed to screen the effect of the infection with C. pseudotuberculosis cutaneous lymphangitis on the release of some immune molecules, organ functions, and redox state in Baladi cows. Methods: Fourteen Baladi cows from a small dairy farm in El-Behira, Egypt, were selected to complete this study. After bacteriological culture confirmation, seven of them were found suffering from cutaneous lesions due to infection with C. pseudotuberculosis (Diseased group), while the others were healthy (Healthy group). Serum samples were obtained to evaluate the presumptive changes in some clinicopathological parameters. Results: Serum analysis revealed a significant decrease in the levels of interferon-gamma and interleukin-17 as well as a significant decrement in the concentration of beta-defensin (ß-defensin) and lipocalin-2. While serum level of interleukin-10 recorded a significant increase in these animals when compared to healthy control animals. Concurrently, the affected animals recorded a significant elevation in serum levels of hepato-cardiac enzymes, urea, and creatinine in addition to disturbance in the serum redox state. Conclusion: In conclusion, infection with C. pseudotuberculosis cattle may disturb the defensive immune state, body organ function, and redox state of the animals.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Infecções por Corynebacterium , Linfangite , beta-Defensinas , Feminino , Bovinos , Animais , Linfangite/veterinária , Citocinas , Inflamação/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/microbiologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/patologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterináriaRESUMO
Depending on the strain of immunodeficient mice, Corynebacterium bovis infection can be asymptomatic or cause transient or prolonged skin disease. C. bovis infection of NOD. Cg- Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl /SzJ (NSG) mice results in clinical skin disease that progresses in severity. Amoxicillin metaphylaxic and prophylaxic therapy prevents transmission and infection of mice after exposure to C. bovis and inhibits the growth of C. bovis isolates at therapeutic doses that are clinically achievable in mice. Amoxicillin is not efficacious for treatment of transient clinical skin disease in athymic nude mice, but the efficacy of amoxicillin treatment has not previously been characterized in C. bovis -infected NSG mice. In the current study, NSG mice were treated with amoxicillin beginning at 5 wk after exposure to C. bovis, at which time they had well-established clinical signs of disease. Clinical signs were scored to assess disease progression, regression, and reappearance. Our results showed that amoxicillin treatment for 3 or 6 wk reduced the clinical scores of NSG mice with C. bovis -associated clinical disease. In addition, withdrawal of treatment led to the recurrence of clinical signs. Collectively, our data suggest that amoxicillin treatment is effective in alleviating the clinical signs associated with C. bovis infection for the duration of treatment in NSG mice. Clinical intervention with antibiotics for C. bovis -infected NSG mice can be an option for management of C. bovis -related clinical disease either before or during facility-wide remediation efforts.
Assuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium , Corynebacterium , Dermatopatias , Animais , Camundongos , Amoxicilina/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Corynebacterium/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Camundongos Endogâmicos NOD , Camundongos Nus , Camundongos SCIDRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The genus Corynebacterium comprises well-known animal and human pathogens as well as commensals of skin and mucous membranes. Species formerly regarded as contaminants are increasingly being recognized as opportunistic pathogens. Corynebacterium oculi has recently been described as a human ocular pathogen but has so far not been reported in dogs. CASE PRESENTATION: Here we present two cases of infection with a novel Corynebacterium sp., a corneal ulcer and a case of bacteriuria. The two bacterial isolates could not be identified by MALDI-TOF MS. While 16 S rRNA gene (99.3% similarity) and rpoB (96.6% identity) sequencing led to the preliminary identification of the isolates as Corynebacterium (C.) oculi, whole genome sequencing revealed the strains to be closely related to, but in a separate cluster from C. oculi. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed high minimal inhibitory concentrations of lincosamides, macrolides, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolones for one of the isolates, which also contained an erm(X) and tet-carrying plasmid as well as a nonsynonymous mutation leading to an S84I substitution in the quinolone resistance determining region of GyrA. CONCLUSIONS: While the clinical signs of both dogs were alleviated by antimicrobial treatment, the clinical significance of these isolates remains to be proven. However, considering its close relation with C. oculi, a known pathogen in humans, pathogenic potential of this species is not unlikely. Furthermore, these bacteria may act as reservoir for antimicrobial resistance genes also in a One Health context since one strain carried a multidrug resistance plasmid related to pNG3 of C. diphtheriae.
Assuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium , Doenças do Cão , Animais , Cães , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Corynebacterium/genética , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Infecções por Corynebacterium/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: Toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans is an emerging zoonosis globally, causing both cutaneous and respiratory diphtheria-like illness. In Queensland, human infection with toxigenic C. ulcerans is rare, with only three cases reported before October 2015. This case series describes five subsequent cases of toxigenic C. ulcerans in Queensland with links to companion animals. Methods: All data were collected as part of routine public health response, and strains were whole genome sequenced for further characterisation. Household contacts were screened, treated with appropriate antibiotics, and received a diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine if more than five years had elapsed since their last dose. Findings: No epidemiological or genomic links could be established between any of the five patients, including between the two cases notified from the same locality within eight days of each other. The C. ulcerans strains from Cases Two, Four and Five were closely related to the strains isolated from their respective pets by whole genome sequencing. Domestic dogs were identified as the most likely mode of transmission for Cases One and Three; however, this was unable to be laboratory confirmed, since Case One's dog was treated with antibiotics before it could be tested, and Case Three's dog was euthanised and cremated prior to case notification. Interpretation: These are the first reported Australian cases of this emerging zoonosis with links to companion animals. These cases demonstrate the likely transmission route between companion animals and humans, with no evidence of human-to-human transmission. The existing requirement in the Queensland Health Public Health Management Guidelines, of restrictions on cases and some contacts while awaiting swab results, is currently under review.
Assuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium , Difteria , Humanos , Animais , Cães , Infecções por Corynebacterium/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Corynebacterium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Queensland/epidemiologia , Austrália/epidemiologia , Difteria/tratamento farmacológico , Difteria/epidemiologia , Difteria/microbiologia , Zoonoses/epidemiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Corynebacterium bovis (Cb), the cause of hyperkeratotic dermatitis in various immunocompromised mouse strains, significantly impacts research outcomes if infected mice are used. Although Cb has been isolated from a variety of species, including mice, rats, cows, and humans, little is known about the differences in the infectivity and clinical disease that are associated with specific Cb isolates. The infectious dose that colonized 50% of the exposed population (ID50 ) and any associated clinical disease was determined in athymic nude mice (Hsd:Athymic Nude-Foxn1 nu ) inoculated with Cb isolates collected from mice (n = 5), rat (n = 1), cow (n = 1), and humans (n = 2) The same parameters were also determined for 2 of the mouse isolates in 2 furred immunocompromised mouse strains (NSG [NOD. Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl /Sz] and NSG-S [NOD. Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl Tg(CMV-IL3, CSF2, KITLG)1Eav/MloySzJ]). To determine the ID 50, mice (n= 6/dose; 3 of each sex) were inoculated topically in 10-fold increments ranging from 1 to 10 8 bacteria. Mice were scored daily for 14 days for the severity of clinical signs. On days 7 and 14 after inoculation, buccal and dorsal skin swabs were evaluated by aerobic culture to determine infection status. The mouse isolates yielded lower ID50values (58 to 1000 bacteria) than did the bovine (6460 to 7498 bacteria) and rat (10,000 bacteria) isolates. Human isolates did not colonize mice or cause disease. Mouse isolates produced clinical disease of vary- ing severity in nude mice. Despite significant immunodeficiency, furred NSG and NSG-S mice required a 1000- to 3000-fold higher inoculum for colonization than did athymic nude mice. Once colonized, clinically detectable hyperkeratosis did not develop in the haired strains until 18 to 22 d after inoculation, whereas athymic nude mice that developed clinically detect- able disease showed hyperkeratosis between 6 and 14 d after inoculation. In conclusion, there are significant differences in Cb's ID 50, disease course, and severity of clinical signs between Cb isolates and among immunodeficient mouse strains.
Assuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium , Corynebacterium , Feminino , Camundongos , Ratos , Humanos , Animais , Bovinos , Camundongos Nus , Camundongos Endogâmicos NOD , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Infecções por Corynebacterium/microbiologia , Camundongos SCIDRESUMO
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), an infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in small ruminants, is highly prevalent worldwide. Economic losses have already been associated with the disease, and little is known about the host-pathogen relationship associated with the disease. The present study aimed to perform a metabolomic study of the C. pseudotuberculosis infection in goats. Serum samples were collected from a herd of 173 goats. The animals were classified as controls (not infected), asymptomatic (seropositives but without detectable CLA clinical signs), and symptomatic (seropositive animals presenting CLA lesions), according to microbiological isolation and immunodiagnosis. The serum samples were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY), and Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) sequences. The NMR data were analyzed using chemometrics, and principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were performed to discover specific biomarkers responsible for discrimination between the groups. A high dissemination of the infection by C. pseudotuberculosis was observed, being 74.57% asymptomatic and 11.56% symptomatic. In the evaluation of 62 serum samples by NMR, the techniques were satisfactory in the discrimination of the groups, being also complementary and mutually confirming, demonstrating possible biomarkers for the infection by the bacterium. Twenty metabolites of interest were identified by NOESY and 29 by CPMG, such as tryptophan, polyunsaturated fatty acids, formic acid, NAD+, and 3-hydroxybutyrate, opening promising possibilities for the use of these results in new therapeutic, immunodiagnosis, and immunoprophylactic tools, as well as for studies of the immune response against C. pseudotuberculosis. KEY POINTS: ⢠Sixty-two samples from healthy, CLA asymptomatic, and symptomatic goats were screened ⢠Twenty metabolites of interest were identified by NOESY and 29 by CPMG ⢠1H-NMR NOESY and CPMG were complementary and mutually confirming.
Assuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , Linfadenite , Animais , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis/metabolismo , Cabras/microbiologia , Linfadenite/diagnóstico , Linfadenite/veterinária , Linfadenite/microbiologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/diagnóstico , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Infecções por Corynebacterium/microbiologia , Espectroscopia de Ressonância MagnéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sisal wool condition is a skin disease affecting Merino sheep in the Argentine Patagonia region. Corynebacterium spp. isolates have previously been isolated from skin swabs from lesions, while specific identification of the bacteria involved has not been reported. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work was to characterize the bacterial agent isolated from sisal wool lesions and to develop a diagnostic method for field surveillance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Molecular identification of a collection of 72 isolates obtained previously was performed using PCR and 16S rRNA and rpoB sequencing. A field survey was carried out on two farms in the Río Negro province of Argentine Patagonia. Swab samples from sheep with and without skin lesions were collected and analysed by PCR and culture. RESULTS: Isolates analysed were confirmed by sequencing as Corynebacterium bovis. Using a PCR test without culture step, all field samples from affected sheep were positive for C. bovis; samples from the healthy skin from the same animals or clinically healthy sheep all were negative. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Sisal wool skin disease was associated with C. bovis infection based on culture and PCR methods; the latter may be useful for helping to pursue a disease control strategy.
Assuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium , Doenças dos Ovinos , Dermatopatias , Ovinos/genética , Animais , Lã , Infecções por Corynebacterium/diagnóstico , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Infecções por Corynebacterium/microbiologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Doenças dos Ovinos/diagnóstico , Corynebacterium/genética , Dermatopatias/veterináriaRESUMO
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), an infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in goats and sheep, is highly prevalent worldwide and is characterized by economic losses in small ruminant production. Currently available techniques for clinical and laboratory diagnosis of the disease lack market availability and/or sensitivity, and therefore, infected animals can remain in the herd, serving as a source of infection for other animals. The present study aimed to verify hematological and clinical biochemistry changes in goats naturally infected by C. pseudotuberculosis. One hundred seventy-three Canindé goats were included in this study, from which blood samples and caseous lesions were collected. The animals were classified as uninfected, asymptomatic, and symptomatic according to microbiological isolation and serological assays. A high dissemination of the infection was observed in the herd, with 86.13% of positive animals, being 74.57% asymptomatic and 11.56% symptomatic. In the hemogram and clinical biochemistry analyses, the only statistical difference found was a higher level of serum urea in asymptomatic individuals than in non-infected animals. In addition, this study points to the possibility of chronic CLA being potentially reflected in hepatic and renal biochemical markers.
Assuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , Doenças das Cabras , Linfadenite , Doenças dos Ovinos , Ovinos , Animais , Doenças das Cabras/microbiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/microbiologia , Linfadenite/veterinária , Cabras , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterináriaRESUMO
The P22 ELISA was recently developed for the serodiagnosis of animal tuberculosis. Herein, the stability of the P22 antigen in different presentations and storage conditions, and the cross-reactivity with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in small ruminants were evaluated. For the stability assay, serum samples from cows, sheep, goats, alpacas, badgers, and wild boar were used in the P22 ELISA. The cross-reactivity analysis used sera from sheep and goats with caseous lymphadenitis (CLA). Differences in the immune recognition of P22 were found when the antigen was stored at 40 °C, but without altering the negative or positive status of each sample. P22 ELISA presented 5.71 % cross-reactivity when CLA-positive sheep were evaluated, but no cross-reaction was observed among CLA-positive goat serum samples. This study showed that the P22 protein complex is stable under different formulations and temperatures, and that the assay presents a low cross-reactivity with CLA.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Infecções por Corynebacterium , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , Doenças das Cabras , Doenças dos Ovinos , Tuberculose , Feminino , Ovinos , Bovinos , Animais , Doenças das Cabras/microbiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/microbiologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/diagnóstico , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Infecções por Corynebacterium/microbiologia , Cabras/microbiologia , Testes Sorológicos/veterinária , Tuberculose/veterináriaRESUMO
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a bacillus that causes caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants, leading to great losses to rural producers; thus, an efficient diagnosis is necessary for using disease control measures. This study aimed to evaluate the antigenic potential of four C. pseudotuberculosis recombinant proteins (rSodC, rPknG, rNanH, and rSpaC) against sera of goat and sheep experimentally infected with one of three different C. pseudotuberculosis strains. Goats were infected with CAP76 or CAP21 strain (n = 10), sheep with VD57 strain (n = 6), and a group of not-infected animals (goats and sheep) were kept as a healthy control (healthy n = 12). Sera were collected at 0, 14, 60, 90, 180, or 190 days after inoculation for antigenicity testing using Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. Cross-reactivity tests with recombinant proteins were performed in goat serum experimentally vaccinated with Nocardia sp. or Rhodococcus equi bacterin. The rSodC protein showed discriminatory antigenic reactivity with a statistically significant difference against three different C. pseudotuberculosis strains evaluated in goats and sheep samples, while rPknG showed statistical significance only against two C. pseudotuberculosis strains evaluated in goats. rSodC was proved to be a strong candidate as a tool for diagnosis of C. pseudotuberculosis infection, once it was able to recognize antibodies against all strains evaluated in goats and sheep.
Assuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium , Doenças das Cabras , Linfadenite , Doenças dos Ovinos , Animais , Infecções por Corynebacterium/diagnóstico , Infecções por Corynebacterium/microbiologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Doenças das Cabras/diagnóstico , Doenças das Cabras/microbiologia , Doenças das Cabras/prevenção & controle , Cabras , Linfadenite/diagnóstico , Linfadenite/microbiologia , Linfadenite/veterinária , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Ovinos/microbiologiaRESUMO
Corynebacterium spp. are frequently detected in bovine quarter milk samples, yet their impact on udder health has not been determined completely. In this longitudinal study, we collected quarter milk samples from a dairy herd of approximately 200 cows, ten times at 14 d intervals. Bacteriologically, Catalase-positive and Gram-positive rods were detected in 22.7% of the samples. For further species diagnosis, colonies were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Corynebacterium bovis, C. amycolatum, C. xerosis and 10 other Corynebacterium spp. were detected. The three aforementioned species accounted for 88.4%, 8.65% and 0.94% of all cultured Corynebacterium spp., respectively. For further evaluation of infection dynamics, the following three infection definitions were applied: A (2/3 consecutive samples positive for the same species), B (≥1000 cfu/mL in one sample), C (isolated from a clinical mastitis case). Infections according to definition B occurred most frequently and clinical mastitis with Corynebacterium spp. occurred once during sampling. Life tables were used to determine the duration of infection. According to infection definition A, infection durations of 111 d and 98 d were obtained for C. bovis and C. amycolatum, respectively. Exemplarily, longer lasting infections were examined for their strain diversity by RAPD PCR. A low strain diversity was found in the individual quarters that indicates a longer colonization of the udder parenchyma by C. bovis and C. amycolatum.
Assuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium , Mastite Bovina , Infecções Estafilocócicas , Animais , Bovinos , Corynebacterium/genética , Infecções por Corynebacterium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/microbiologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Feminino , Humanos , Lactação , Estudos Longitudinais , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/microbiologia , Mastite Bovina/epidemiologia , Mastite Bovina/microbiologia , Leite/microbiologia , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologiaRESUMO
Corynebacterium, particularly Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii, has been increasingly recognized as an important pathogen causing mastitis. However, no clear taxonomic, microbiological, or clinical identification for C. kroppenstedtii-related Corynebacterium species is recognized. During the investigation of isolates cultured from female patients with mastitis, 27 lipophilic C. kroppenstedtii-like isolates were obtained from clinical breast specimens from 2017 to 2019 in Guangzhou, China. These isolates were identified by phenotypic characterization, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA, rpoB, and fusA genes, and whole-genome sequencing methods. By phylogenetic analyses, two major clusters were identified that were closely related to C. kroppenstedtii DSM 44385T. Comparative genome analyses suggested that these isolates formed two distinct genospecies within the genus Corynebacterium. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values for the two genospecies were 45.5 to 47.8% between them and 47.4 to 47.7% and 49.9% to C. kroppenstedtii DSM 44385T, respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that these isolates need to be recognized as two new species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which we proposed the names Corynebacterium parakroppenstedtii sp. nov. and Corynebacterium pseudokroppenstedtii sp. nov. The type strain for the novel species Corynebacterium parakroppenstedtii is MC-26T (NBRC 115146T; CCTCC AB 2020210T), and that for Corynebacterium pseudokroppenstedtii is MC-17XT (NBRC 115143T; CCTCC AB 2020199T). IMPORTANCE In this study, we characterized two novel species that were closely related to but hard to distinguish from C. kroppenstedtii by routine identification methods used in clinical laboratories. Since all 27 C. kroppenstedtii-like isolates were obtained from breast specimens of female patients with mastitis, they may be potential pathogens causing mastitis. We hope to perform further epidemiological investigation of these strains and explore their role in mastitis.
Assuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium , Mastite , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , China , Corynebacterium/genética , Infecções por Corynebacterium/microbiologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , DNA , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
BACKGROUND: Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a chronic bacterial infectious disease that affects cattle, shoats, and other domestic and wild ruminants. METHODS: A purposive cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 cattle with enlarged lymph nodes to investigate CLA using cytopathological and bacteriological techniques from cattle slaughtered at Bishoftu municipal abattoir. RESULTS: From a total of 30 cattle subjected to clinical and post-mortem examinations, only one bull was found to be infected with a rare case of CLA in Bishoftu municipal abattoir, Ethiopia. Enlargement of the pre-scapular lymph node was the only clinical finding during ante-mortem inspection of the bull. The gross pathological lesion showed a pre-scapular lymph node with a caseo-necrotic dystrophic calcification that was accompanied by a rough texture and white to grayish hue. Histopathologically, the lymph node was characterized by central liquefactive necrosis that was surrounded by coagulative necrosis containing multiple foci of mineralization, infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and mononuclear immature fibrosis containing inflammatory cells and also with some sort of a thick layer of mature fibrosis that defines the magnitude of the lesion. Cytologically, multi-lobulated (intact and degenerated) neutrophils, a few reactive lymphocytes, macrophages and some crenated histocytes have been recognized. The bacterial culture of the sample revealed small, white cream, dry, waxy colonies with a narrow area of ß-haemolysis. The isolate of the sample was a Gram-positive cocci-bacilli that was arranged in a Chinese pattern on Gram staining, and catalase and urease were positive in the biochemical analysis of this organism, which was able to ferment glucose and maltose but not trehalose and xylose. CONCLUSIONS: The present investigation indicated that CLA was prevalent as sporadic cases among cattle slaughtered in Bishoftu municipal abattoir. Thus, effective preventive and control measures, such as good sanitation and hygiene, should be followed during meat inspection.
Assuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium , Linfadenite , Matadouros , Animais , Bactérias , Bovinos , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Estudos Transversais , Etiópia/epidemiologia , Fibrose , Linfadenite/epidemiologia , Linfadenite/microbiologia , Linfadenite/veterinária , Masculino , Necrose/veterináriaAssuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium , Infecções Urinárias , Animais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Gatos , Corynebacterium/genética , Infecções por Corynebacterium/diagnóstico , Infecções por Corynebacterium/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Humanos , Infecções Urinárias/diagnóstico , Infecções Urinárias/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Urinárias/veterináriaRESUMO
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the etiological agent of caseous lymphadenitis. The main clinical sign of this disease is the development of granulomas, especially in small ruminants; however, the pathways that are involved in the formation and maintenance of these granulomas are unknown. Cytokines and chemokines are responsible for the migration of immune cells to specific sites and tissues; therefore, it is possible that chemokines participate in abscess formation. This study aimed to evaluate the induction of chemokine production by two C. pseudotuberculosis strains in a murine model. A highly pathogenic (VD57) and an attenuated (T1) strain of C. pseudotuberculosis, as well as somatic and secreted antigens derived from these strains, was used to stimulate murine splenocytes. Then, the concentrations of the chemokines CCL-2, CCL-3, CCL-4, and CCL-5 and the cytokines IL-1 and TNF were measured in the culture supernatants. The VD57 strain had a higher ability to stimulate the production of chemokines when compared to T1 strain, especially in the early stages of stimulation, which can have an impact on granuloma formation. The T1 lysate antigen was able to stimulate most of the chemokines studied herein when compared to the other antigenic fractions of both strains. These results indicate that C. pseudotuberculosis is a chemokine production inducer, and the bacterial strains differ in their induction pattern, a situation that can be related to the specific behavior of each strain.
Assuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , Linfadenite , Animais , Infecções por Corynebacterium/microbiologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Linfadenite/microbiologia , CamundongosRESUMO
Clinical signs of Corynebacterium bovis infections are well-known in athymic nude mice. However, C. bovis can also infect and cause clinical signs in many hirsute, immunocompromised mouse strains such as NSG (NOD. Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wgl/SzJ). Typically, the clinical assessment of C. bovis-infected mice begins when overt clinical signs are initially observed and thus the early course of infection has not been thoroughly described. The goal of this study was to characterize the clinical progression of C. bovis infection in NSG mice under experimental conditions and develop a quantifiable clinical scoring system. For the development and application of this clinical scoring system, 54 naïve NSG mice were exposed to soiled bedding from clinically ill C. bovis-infected NSG mice and the emergence of clinical signs was monitored and scored weekly for 8 wk. Overall, we identified 6 benchmark changes associated with C. bovis clinical infection. Four changes were the appearance of the eyes, ears, hair coat, and posture. Two behavioral changes were increased grooming activity and rapid head shaking. All clinical signs appeared consistently and progressed temporally with increasing clinical severity. Characterization of clinical signs and scoring of clinical disease will aid veterinarians in the assessment of C. bovis-infected NSG mice and may help in the evaluation of current and future clinical interventions used to prevent or treat C. bovis-infected immunodeficient mice.
Assuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium , Corynebacterium , Animais , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Camundongos Endogâmicos NOD , Infecções por Corynebacterium/diagnóstico , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Infecções por Corynebacterium/microbiologia , Camundongos SCIDRESUMO
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a chronic and insidious disease that mainly affects small ruminants and caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (C. pseudotuberculosis). The aims of this research were to identify C. pseudotuberculosis by PCR from pyogenic lesions, to study the phylogenetic analysis of C. pseudotuberculosis and to detect the prevalence based on the detected superficial lesions of CLA in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. Out of 3471 clinically examined animals, 129 (3.71%) animals were affected with CLA. The isolation rate of C. pseudotuberculosis in abscess of sheep was 45.74% (59/129). Out of 129 samples examined by PCR assay, 63 (48.83%) were positive phospholipase D (PLD) indicated at fragment size 203 bp. This is the first phylogenetic analysis study of C. pseudotuberculosis isolate in Egypt which was isolated from infected sheep. Nucleotide sequence identity data demonstrated that C. pseudotuberculosis PLD gene (MW187942) Dakahlia share homology 99.01%, 98.83 and 98.48% with Zagazig, Egypt (MN867024), Tamil nadu, India (MG720636) and Sudan (MG692441), respectively. In conclusion, this study provided information on the molecular detection and phylogeny of C. pseudotuberculosis in Egypt. Findings of this study can be conducted in other CLA endemic countries with similar animal breeding practices in the Middle East and developing countries.
Assuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium , Linfadenite , Doenças dos Ovinos , Ovinos , Animais , Egito/epidemiologia , Índia , Filogenia , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Linfadenite/epidemiologia , Linfadenite/veterinária , Linfadenite/diagnóstico , Infecções por Corynebacterium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Infecções por Corynebacterium/microbiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Corynebacterium urealyticum urinary tract infections can result in a rarely reported condition called encrusting cystitis whereby plaque lesions form on and within the urinary bladder mucosa. Chronic lower urinary tract signs manifest subsequent to the infection-induced cystitis and plaque-induced decreased bladder wall distensibility. Because of the organism's multidrug resistance and plaque forming capability, infection eradication can be difficult. While systemic antimicrobial therapy is the mainstay of treatment, adjunctive surgical debridement of plaques has been used with relative paucity in such cases, thereby limiting our understanding of this modality's indications and success rate. Consequently, this report describes the successful eradication of Corynebacterium urealyticum encrusting cystitis utilizing a unique timeline of medical and surgical treatments. Additionally, this represents the first reported veterinary case of a vasovagal reaction due to bladder overdistension. CASE PRESENTATION: A 6-year-old female spayed Miniature Schnauzer was evaluated for lower urinary tract clinical signs and diagnosed with Corynebacterium urealyticum encrusting cystitis. The infection was persistent despite prolonged courses of numerous oral antimicrobials and urinary acidification. A unique treatment timeline of intravenous vancomycin, intravesical gentamicin, and mid-course surgical debridement ultimately resulted in infection resolution. During surgery, while the urinary bladder was copiously flushed and distended with saline, the dog experienced an acute vasovagal reaction from which it fully recovered. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical debridement of bladder wall plaques should be considered a viable adjunctive therapy for Corynebacterium urealyticum encrusting cystitis cases failing to respond to systemic antibiotic therapy. The timing in which surgery was employed in this case, relative to concurrent treatment modalities, may be applicable in future cases of this disease as dictated on a case-by-case basis. If surgery is ultimately pursued, overdistension of the urinary bladder should be avoided, or at least minimized as much as possible, so as to prevent the possibility of a vasovagal reaction.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Cistite/veterinária , Animais , Corynebacterium/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Corynebacterium/tratamento farmacológico , Cistite/tratamento farmacológico , Cistite/microbiologia , Cistite/cirurgia , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Cães , Feminino , Síncope Vasovagal/veterinária , Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Bexiga Urinária/cirurgiaRESUMO
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (C.pseudotuberculosis) is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause cheese lymphadenitis in goats. In order to obtain detailed information about the pathogenesis and host immune response of goats infected with C.pseudotuberculosis, we used tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeling proteomic analysis to detect differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in dairy goats infected with C.pseudotuberculosis, and confirmed the altered proteins with western blot. A total of 6611 trusted proteins were identified, and 126 proteins were differentially abundant. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that all DEPs were annotated as biological processes, cell composition, and molecular functions. Biological processes mainly involve acute inflammation and immune response; cell components mainly involve extracellular areas and high-density lipoprotein particles; molecular functions are mainly antigen binding, ferric iron binding, and iron ion binding. KEGG analysis showed that a total of 102 pathways were significantly enriched, mainly lysosomes, phagosomes, and mineral absorption pathways. Our findings provided the relevant knowledge of spleen protein levels in goats infected with C.pseudotuberculosis and revealed the complex molecular pathways and immune response mechanisms in the process of C.pseudotuberculosis infection. SIGNIFICANCE: C.pseudotuberculosis is the most fatal infectious disease in dairy goats, causing huge economic losses. However, the molecular pathways and immune response mechanisms of C.pseudotuberculosis infection in goats remain unclear. Therefore, we conducted a comparative quantitative proteomics study on dairy goats infected with C.pseudotuberculosis. The results provide a basis for better understanding the complexity of C.pseudotuberculosis infection, reveal the complex molecular pathways and immune response mechanisms in C.pseudotuberculosis infection, and provide some clues for identifying potential therapeutic targets. This is the first report to show that C.pseudotuberculosis infection in dairy goats can disrupt the immune response mechanism and lead to massive immune cell death. The study provided new findings on the interaction between C.pseudotuberculosis and the host.