RESUMO
Acanthopanacis cortex (the dried root bark of Acanthopanax gracilistylus W. W. Smith) has been used for the treatment of rheumatic diseases in China for over 2000 years. Four previously undescribed lignans (1-4) and 12 known lignans (5-16) were isolated from Acanthopanacis cortex. In this study, the inhibitory activities of compounds 1-16 against neutrophil elastase (NE), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are reported. The results show that compounds 1-16 exhibit weak inhibitory activities against NE and COX-1. However, compounds 2, 6-8 and 13-16 demonstrate better COX-2 inhibitory effects with IC50 values from 0.75 to 8.17 µΜ. These findings provide useful information for the search for natural selective COX-2 inhibitors.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2 , Eleutherococcus , Lignanas , Lignanas/farmacologia , Lignanas/química , Lignanas/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/isolamento & purificação , Eleutherococcus/química , Estrutura Molecular , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/metabolismo , Elastase de Leucócito/antagonistas & inibidores , Elastase de Leucócito/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Casca de Planta/química , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Raízes de Plantas/químicaRESUMO
Acanthopanacis Cortex (A.-C) with a long history of more than1000 years, has been used to treat rheumatism effectively. Nineteen diterpenoids have been isolated from A.-C, including six new compounds (1-6). Among them, compounds 7, 9-11, 13, and 17 were discovered from A.-C for the first time. The structures of 1-6 were determined by analyzing their NMR data and comparing their experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. Moreover, the single-crystal X-ray diffraction data of 1, 2, 8, and 14 were provided. The anti-inflammatory activity of 1-5 and 7-18 on neutrophil elastase, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been studied in vitro, and the results showed that 15 had almost no inhibitory effects on COX-1 at 200 µM but a significant activity against COX-2 with an IC50 of 0.73 ± 0.006 µΜ. It indicated that compound 15 can provide valuable information for the design of selective COX-2 inhibitors.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2 , Diterpenos , Elastase de Leucócito , Diterpenos/farmacologia , Diterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Diterpenos/química , Estrutura Molecular , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Elastase de Leucócito/antagonistas & inibidores , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/isolamento & purificação , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/metabolismo , Acanthaceae/química , Humanos , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/isolamento & purificação , ChinaRESUMO
Pterocephalus hookeri, a classical Tibetan herb, is mainly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and contains various constituents potentially with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibition. A novel strategy for screening and target separating COX-2 inhibitors from the extracts of P. hookeri based on affinity solid-phase extraction (ASPE) column combined with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (pre-HPLC) was successfully developed. The potential COX-2 inhibitors of P. hookeri were screened and recognized by the ASPE-HPLC system, which strategy is to analyze the compounds isolated by the ASPE column. Then, the active compounds were targeted separated by pre-HPLC according to real-time chromatograms. The control drugs celecoxib and glipizide were analyzed to verify the specificity and accuracy of the developed method. As a result, two pure compounds with COX-2 binding affinities were successfully separated from P. hookeri. They were characterized as swertisin and scopoletin using 1H- and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and the in vitro COX-2 inhibitory activities were verified. Compounds with COX-2 inhibitory activities could be screened and targeted separated from crude extracts by this strategy, which indicated that the proposed method was feasible, robust and effective for rapid separation of COX-2 inhibitors from natural products.
Assuntos
Caprifoliaceae/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2 , Extração em Fase Sólida/métodos , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/análise , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
Oroxylum indicum (Sonapatha) is traditionally used to cure several human ailments. Therefore, the cell killing effect of chloroform, ethanol, and water extracts of Sonapatha was studied in cultured HeLa cells treated with 0-100 µg/mL of these extracts/doxorubicin by MTT assay. Since ethanol extract was most cytotoxic its effect was further investigated by clonogenic, apoptosis, necrosis, and lactate dehydrogenase assays. The mechanism of cytotoxicity of Sonapatha was determined at the molecular level by estimation of caspase 8 and 3 activities and Western blot analysis of NF-κB, COX-2, Nrf2, and RASSF7 which are overexpressed in neoplastic cells. HeLa cells treated with Sonapatha extract exhibited a concentration and time-dependent rise in the cytotoxicity as indicated by the MTT assay. Ethanol extract of Sonapatha (0, 20, 40, and 80 µg/mL) reduced clonogenicity, increased DNA fragmentation, apoptotic and necrotic indices, lactate dehydrogenase release, caspase 8 and 3 activities and inhibited the overexpression of NF-κB, COX-2, Nrf2, and RASSF7 in HeLa cells concentration-dependently.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Bignoniaceae/química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/isolamento & purificação , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Células HeLa , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/antagonistas & inibidores , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Fatores de Transcrição/antagonistas & inibidores , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
Six new polyketides, alternaritins A-D [(±)-1-4] and isoxanalteric acid I (8), and 25 known Alternaria toxins were isolated from the culture of an endophytic fungi Alternaria sp. MG1. 3 is a rare fungal metabolite. 6 is a new natural product, and 5, 7, and 9 are known previously but their absolute configurations have not been determined. Three enantiomers [(±)-1, (±)-7, and (±)-15] were separated via chiral HPLC resolution. The structures of those polyketides (1-9) were elucidated by spectrometric analysis using MS and NMR. The absolute configurations were established using X-ray diffraction analysis and statistical comparative analysis of the experimental ECD and OR data, in conjunction with quantum mechanical calculations. All of the compounds were evaluated for their bioactivities. Known compound 27 exerted the most potent cytotoxic activities against HT-1080 and NCI-H1299 cell lines. The new compounds, 2 and 3, showed moderate inhibition on COX-2, while a pair of isomers, 8 and 9, exhibited medium activity on COX-2 and uropathogenic Escherichia coli.
Assuntos
Alternaria/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Policetídeos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Produtos Biológicos/isolamento & purificação , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Endófitos/química , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Policetídeos/isolamento & purificação , Estereoisomerismo , Escherichia coli Uropatogênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Vitis/microbiologiaRESUMO
Sargahydroquinoic acid (SHQA) is a major plastoquinone in Sargassum macrocarpum and has shown the capacity to prevent inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the protective mechanisms were unclear. The molecular mechanisms of SHQA on ameliorating inflammation and oxidative stress have been investigated, using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. SHQA was isolated and purified from S. macrocarpum and the anti-inflammatory mechanisms were explored using LPS-stimulated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. SHQA did not change the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) but inhibited the activity of COX-2. As a result, SHQA significantly diminished the secretions of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines. LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was inhibited by SHQA by preventing the degradation of inhibitor κB-α (IκBα). NF-κB activation was also downregulated by the inhibition of Akt phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated cells. Furthermore, SHQA induced the expression of heme oxygenase 1 via Nrf2 activation. These results indicated that SHQA inhibited LPS-induced expressions of inflammatory mediators via suppressing the Akt-mediated NF-κB pathway as well as upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Our findings suggest that SHQA might be a potential therapeutic agent in various inflammatory diseases.
Assuntos
Alcenos/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Benzoquinonas/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/toxicidade , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/antagonistas & inibidores , Alcenos/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Benzoquinonas/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/isolamento & purificação , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Mediadores da Inflamação/antagonistas & inibidores , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Camundongos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Células RAW 264.7 , SargassumRESUMO
Six kuwanon derivatives (A/B/C/E/H/J) extracted from the roots of Morus alba L. were evaluated to determine their cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and 2 inhibitory effects. Cyclooxygenase (COX) is known as the target enzyme of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are the most widely used therapeutic agents for pain and inflammation. Among six kuwanon derivatives, kuwanon A showed selective COX-2 inhibitory activity, almost equivalent to that of celecoxib, a known COX inhibitor. Kuwanon A showed high COX-2 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 14 µM) and a selectivity index (SI) range of >7.1, comparable to celecoxib (SI > 6.3). To understand the mechanisms underlying this effect, we performed docking simulations, fragment molecular orbital (FMO) calculations, and pair interaction energy decomposition analysis (PIEDA) at the quantum-mechanical level. As a result, kuwanon A had the strongest interaction with Arg120 and Tyr355 at the gate of the COX active site (-7.044 kcal/mol) and with Val89 in the membrane-binding domain (-6.599 kcal/mol). In addition, kuwanon A closely bound to Val89, His90, and Ser119, which are residues at the entrance and exit routes of the COX active site (4.329 Å). FMO calculations and PIEDA well supported the COX-2 selective inhibitory action of kuwanon A. It showed that the simulation and modeling results and experimental evidence were consistent.
Assuntos
Derivados de Benzeno/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/isolamento & purificação , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Morus/química , Derivados de Benzeno/isolamento & purificação , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
In our previous laboratory findings, Cyathocalyx pruniferus extracts exhibited platelet-activating factor inhibition, suggesting their anti-inflammatory potential. Hence, this study was designed with the aim to isolate phyto-constituents from C. pruniferus with potent anti-inflammatory activities. Column and volume liquid chromatography were used for isolation of phyto-constituents. The structure elucidation was carried out using spectroscopic analysis (HRESI-MS, 1H and 13C-NMR) and compared with published literature. For cytotoxicity analysis, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide assay was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated against the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß and IL-6), prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) and cyclooxegenase-2 (COX-2), in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human plasma using ELISA and radioimmunoassay (RIA). The chromatographic purification of methanol leaves extract afforded 13 (1-13) secondary metabolites. Additionally, cytotoxicity analysis suggested that isolates were non-cytotoxic at 100 µM. In anti-inflammatory evaluation, 2-octaprenyl-1, 4-benzoquinone (5) produced strong (≥ 70%) inhibition of PGE2, COX-2, IL-1ß and IL-6 at 50 µM. Moreover, 2-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinone (5) exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition with IC50 values (µM) of 11.21, 6.61, 2.20 and 3.56 as compared to controls; indomethacin for PGE2 (11.84) and dexamethasone in COX-2 (5.19), IL-1ß (1.83) and IL-6 (3.76) analysis, respectively. In conclusion, two new compounds including 2-octaprenyl-1, 4-benzoquinone (5) and 14-methyloctadec-1-ene (6) are reported for the first time from plant species. Additionally, 2-octaprenyl-1, 4-benzoquinone (5) dose-dependently suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory mediators involved in acute and chronic inflammation at non-cytotoxic concentrations.
Assuntos
Annonaceae , Benzoquinonas/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Citocinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Dinoprostona/antagonistas & inibidores , Mediadores da Inflamação/antagonistas & inibidores , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Benzoquinonas/isolamento & purificação , Benzoquinonas/metabolismo , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Humanos , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Leucócitos Mononucleares/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/metabolismo , Prenilação/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The effects of a root extract of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides on neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia stimulated with LPS and hemozoin were investigated. METHODS: ELISA, enzyme immunoassay and Griess assay were used to evaluate levels of cytokines, PGE2 and NO in culture supernatants, respectively. Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity was evaluated using a BV-2 microglia-HT-22 neuron transwell co-culture. KEY FINDINGS: Treatment with Z. zanthoxyloides caused reduced elevated levels of TNFα, IL-6, IL-1ß, NO and PGE2, while increasing the levels of IL-10. In addition, there were reduced levels of iNOS and COX-2 proteins. This was accompanied by a prevention of microglia-mediated damage to HT-22 mouse hippocampal neurons. Z. zanthoxyloides reduced elevated levels of phospho-IκB and phospho-p65, while preventing degradation of IκB protein and DNA binding of p65. Further mechanistic studies revealed that Z. zanthoxyloides reduced the levels of pro-IL-1ß and IL-1ß in hemozoin-activated BV-2 microglia. This was accompanied by a reduction in caspase-1 activity and NLRP3 protein expression. Bioassay-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation of skimmianine as an anti-inflammatory compound in Z. zanthoxyloides. CONCLUSION: This is the first report showing the inhibition of neuroinflammation in LPS- and hemozoin-activated BV-2 microglia by the root extract of Z. zanthoxyloides by targeting the activation of both NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Inflamação/metabolismo , Microglia/efeitos dos fármacos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/metabolismo , Quinolinas/farmacologia , Zanthoxylum/química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Caspase 1/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/uso terapêutico , Citocinas/metabolismo , Hemeproteínas , Inflamassomos/metabolismo , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos , Camundongos , Microglia/metabolismo , Microglia/patologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Raízes de Plantas , Quinolinas/isolamento & purificação , Quinolinas/uso terapêutico , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
The medicinal plant Kadsura coccinea distributing in South China, was widely used for reducing inflammation and relieving pain. Previous study in our laboratory had proved the significant therapeutic effects of K. coccinea extract on adjuvant arthritis rats. To explore the responsible components and possible mechanisms, an AUF-HPLC-Q-TOF/ MS method was employed for screening and characterizing COX-2 ligands from K. coccinea stems for the first time. Meanwhile, the molecular docking was performed to simulate the binding modes for ligands and COX-2, the cell-free enzyme activity assay was applied to verify the direct COX-2 inhibition of potential inhibitors, and the cell-based study on COX-2 expression was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of (+)-Anwulignan. As a result, the potential COX-2 inhibitor (+)-Anwulignan significantly suppressing COX-2 expressions in LPS signaling pathways might be a good candidate for anti-inflammation and analgesia. In conclusion, AUF mass spectrometry combining the molecular docking and bioassays in vitro was an efficient approach for discovering enzyme inhibitors from traditional herbs.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Kadsura/química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , China , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/isolamento & purificação , Camundongos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Compostos Fitoquímicos/isolamento & purificação , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Caules de Planta/química , Células RAW 264.7RESUMO
Seven new compounds including five aromatic butenolide analogues (1-5), one quinazolinone alkaloid (6) and one benzoic acid derivative (7), along with eleven known co-metabolites (8-18), were isolated from Aspergillus terreus SCAU011, a fungus from the rhizosphere sediment of a mangrove plant Rhizophora stylosa. The structures of these isolates were established by a combination of MS, NMR and ECD data analyses, as well as chemical method. Compound 3 is a rare ring-open aromatic butenolide, while 6 represents the first natural ring-open benzomalvin-type quinazolinone alkaloid. Also, the previously reported structures for asperlides A-C were proposed to be revised in the present work. The COX-2 inhibitory, α-glucosidase inhibitory, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of all the compounds were assessed. While compounds 4, 6, 11 and 18 exhibited better COX-2 inhibitory activity than the positive control celecoxib, compounds 9 and 10 showed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 56.1 and 12.9 µM, respectively. Meanwhile, half of the tested samples (1, 8-11 and 15-17) exerted similar or better antioxidant activity compared with the reference drug curcumin, and compounds 3, 9, 17 and 18 displayed moderate antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus.
Assuntos
4-Butirolactona/análogos & derivados , Aspergillus/química , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiologia , Rhizophoraceae/microbiologia , 4-Butirolactona/isolamento & purificação , 4-Butirolactona/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , China , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/farmacologia , Estrutura Molecular , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Saussurea laniceps Hand.-Mazz. (Compositae) is a representative "snow lotus" herb well known in Chinese folk medicine to treat inflammation-related diseases such as arthritis. S. laniceps (SL) shows anti-inflammatory and analgesic potencies and contains various constituents potentially with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibition. The herb is a valuable source of natural alternatives to synthetic COX-2 selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, a common medication for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) reported with serious cardiovascular side effects. AIM OF THE STUDY: Based on an innovative drug screening platform, this study aimed to discover safe, effective COX-2 selective inhibitors from SL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An enzyme-anchored nanomagnetic fishing assay was developed to separate COX-2 ligands from SL. Cell and animal models of cardiomyocytes, lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, rat adjuvant-induced arthritis, and anterior cruciate ligament transection-induced OA rats, were adopted to screen the single/combined ligands regarding toxicity and bioactivity levels. Molecular docking was employed to unravel binding mechanisms of the ligands towards COX-1 and COX-2. RESULTS: Four COX-2 selective compounds were separated from SL using optimized COX-2-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. All the four ligands were proved with evidently lower cardiotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo than celecoxib, a known COX-2 selective inhibitor. Two ligands, scopoletin and syringin, exhibited potent anti-arthritic activities in rat models of RA and OA by alleviating clinical statuses, immune responses, and joint pathological features; their optimum combination ratio was discovered with stronger remedial effects on rat OA than single administrations. The COX-1/2 binding modes of the two phytochemicals contributed to explain their cardiac safety and therapeutic performances. CONCLUSIONS: The screened chemicals are promising to be developed as COX-2 selective inhibitors as part of treating RA and OA. The hybrid strategy for discovering therapeutic agents from SL is shown here to be efficient; it should be equally valuable for finding other active chemicals in other natural sources.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/isolamento & purificação , Descoberta de Drogas/métodos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Nanopartículas Magnéticas de Óxido de Ferro/química , Nanoconjugados/química , Saussurea/química , Animais , Artrite Experimental/induzido quimicamente , Artrite Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Artrite Experimental/patologia , Celecoxib/efeitos adversos , Linhagem Celular , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/química , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/efeitos adversos , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/efeitos adversos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Glucosídeos/efeitos adversos , Glucosídeos/farmacologia , Articulações/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulações/patologia , Ligantes , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Células Musculares/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteoartrite/tratamento farmacológico , Osteoartrite/etiologia , Fenilpropionatos/efeitos adversos , Fenilpropionatos/farmacologia , Componentes Aéreos da Planta/química , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Escopoletina/efeitos adversos , Escopoletina/farmacologia , Remodelação Ventricular/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The Chinese traditional medicine of Siegesbeckia pubescens Makino (SM), which has the effect of healing rheumatism and promoting joint health, is often used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and ischemic stroke. AIM OF THE STUDY: To clarify the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory and analgesic influence of active components in the ethanol extract of Siegesbeckia pubescens Makino (ESM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The active ingredients in the ESM were identified practicing high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Four models including xylene-induced ear oedema, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced hind paw oedema, acetic acid-induced pain writhing and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cell migration, were used to clarify the anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanisms of the active ingredients in the ESM. RESULTS: (1) Three active ingredients of kirenol, darutoside and hesperidin were identified in the ESM, with relative proportion of 0.6%, 0.2% and 0.01%, respectively; hesperidin was reported for the first time in the ESM. (2) Both the ESM and its active ingredients could effectively alleviate the degree of swelling of the auricle and toes, increase the threshold of heat pain, decrease the overexpression of inflammatory protein cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the skin tissue of the tested parts of the toes, and reduce the number of writhes induced by acetic acid in mice. (3) ESM and its active ingredients also dose-dependently inhibited the migration of RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSIONS: ESM and its active ingredients can effectively attenuate the expression of inflammatory factors induced by chemical inflammation, prevent the infiltration of inflammatory cells, and exert good anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities.
Assuntos
Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/uso terapêutico , Diterpenos/uso terapêutico , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Hesperidina/uso terapêutico , Analgésicos/isolamento & purificação , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Asteraceae , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Movimento Celular/fisiologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Diterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Diterpenos/farmacologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/isolamento & purificação , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Edema/metabolismo , Feminino , Hesperidina/isolamento & purificação , Hesperidina/farmacologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/antagonistas & inibidores , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Camundongos , Medição da Dor/efeitos dos fármacos , Medição da Dor/métodos , Células RAW 264.7RESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The root of Dendropanax dentiger (Harms) Merr. is a pivotal folk Chinese medicine against rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with no scientific validation. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study was conducted to explore the anti-RA effect of the D. dentiger extract on complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rats and identified its major bio-constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dendropanax dentiger roots extracts (127.5, 255.0 and 510.0 mg/kg, once daily) were orally at day 7 post-administration adjuvant and lasting for 22 days. The therapeutic effects of D. dentiger roots extract on AIA rats were investigated by body weight growth, arthritis score, thymus and spleen indices, and histopathological analysis. Moreover, the levels of rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were also evaluated. Finally, the major constituents were isolated and identified from D. dentiger roots extract with COX-2 inhibitory and antioxidant activities. RESULTS: Dendropanax dentiger roots extract remarkably alleviated the histological lesions of knee joint, increased body weight growth, decreased arthritis score, and reduced thymus and spleen indices in model rats. In parallel, the levels of RF, CRP, TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-17, COX-2, 5-LOX and MMP-2 were observably downregulated, while the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were prominently upregulated in D. dentiger roots extract-treated rats. Meanwhile, 14 compounds were isolated and identified from D. dentiger roots extract, and four phenol derivatives (1, 4, 6 and 7) exhibited remarkable COX-2 inhibitory and antioxidant activities. CONCLUSIONS: Dendropanax dentiger roots extract possessed persuasive anti-RA effect may be partly responsible for phenol derivatives via modulation of inflammatory biomarkers, and supports the traditional folk use of D. dentiger in China.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antirreumáticos/farmacologia , Araliaceae , Artrite Experimental/prevenção & controle , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Articulações/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Raízes de Plantas , Animais , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Antirreumáticos/isolamento & purificação , Araliaceae/química , Artrite Experimental/induzido quimicamente , Artrite Experimental/metabolismo , Artrite Experimental/patologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/isolamento & purificação , Citocinas/metabolismo , Adjuvante de Freund , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Articulações/metabolismo , Articulações/patologia , Raízes de Plantas/química , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
The root of Dendropanax dentiger (Harms) Merr. is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to treat inflammation-related diseases with little scientific validation. In this study, a bioassay-guided phytochemical investigation of D. dentiger led to the isolation of 19 phenylpropanoid derivatives including one new compound (1) and 18 known ones (2-19). Their structures were elucidated by NMR and HRMS as well as comparison with literature data. The ability of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition and antioxidant of all isolated compounds were measured in vitro. Chlorogenic acid derivatives (14-19) exhibited outstanding COX-2 inhibitory (IC50 = 5.1-93.4 µM) and antioxidant (IC50 = 13.2-31.9 µM) activities. Moreover, the tight structure-activities relationships were proposed. This is the first report on the COX-2 inhibitory activity of phenylpropanoids and D. dentiger.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Araliaceae/química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Fenilpropionatos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/química , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Compostos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inibidores , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/isolamento & purificação , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Fenilpropionatos/química , Fenilpropionatos/isolamento & purificação , Picratos/antagonistas & inibidores , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Raízes de Plantas/química , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Cyclooxygenase-2 is one of the prominent enzymes to cause an increased production of prostaglandins during inflammation and immune responses. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is up-regulated in inflammatory conditions owing to the induction by different inflammatory stimuli including cytokines, and therefore, the expression studies of cyclooxygenase-2 in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage cells (RAW 264.7 cell line) could be used for screening of the compounds with anti-inflammatory potential. The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory properties of four homologous stomopneulactones A-D, classified under the class of macrocyclic lactones isolated from the solvent extract of the long-spined sea urchin Stomopneustes variolaris (familyStomopneustidae) in the lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophages. The structures of these isolated compounds were assigned using detailed spectroscopic techniques. Stomopneulactone D bearing 5-butyl-4-hydroxy-12-oxo-1-oxa-5,9-cyclododecadienyl moiety exhibited relatively greater anti-inflammatory potentials against cyclooxygenase-2 (IC50 ~ 2 mM) and 5-lipoxygenase (IC50 2.6 mM) than those displayed by other macrocyclic lactones. The studied compounds displayed higher selectivity index values (anti-cyclooxygenase-1IC50/anti-cyclooxygenase-2IC50 > 1), which designated the selective anti-inflammatory potentials of the macrocyclic lactones against inducible inflammatory mediators than those exhibited by the anti-inflammatory agent ibuprofen (0.43). The in silico molecular modelling analyses of the stomopneulactones with cyclooxygenase-2/5-lipoxygenase enzymes recorded lowest binding energy (-7.71 and -9.60 kcal mol-1, respectively) and docking score (-8.82 and -11.12 kcal mol-1, respectively) for stomopneulactone D along with its higher electronic parameter (topological polar surface area of 72.83), which further confirmed its greater anti-inflammatory potential than other compounds in the series. Stomopneulactone D also inhibited the generation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, intracellular reactive oxygen species, along with 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage cells. Additionally, the studied macrocyclic lactone decreased the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in the inflammatory cells in dose-dependent manner, which demonstrated the therapeutic potential of stomopneulactone D in down-regulating the inflammatory pathogenesis.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/genética , Lactonas/farmacologia , Compostos Macrocíclicos/farmacologia , Ouriços-do-Mar/química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/química , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/isolamento & purificação , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/isolamento & purificação , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Lactonas/química , Lactonas/isolamento & purificação , Lipopolissacarídeos/antagonistas & inibidores , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Compostos Macrocíclicos/química , Compostos Macrocíclicos/isolamento & purificação , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Células RAW 264.7 , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Hypholoma lateritium is an edible macrofungus with a common distribution in Europe, North America, and the Far East. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of H. lateritium extracts and its isolated steroids: fasciculic acid B, fasciculol E, fasciculol C, lanosta-7,9(11)-diene-12ß,21α-epoxy-2α,3ß,24ß,25-tetraol, fasciculol F, and demethylincisterol A2. Organic (hexane, chloroform and 50 % methanol) and water extracts of H. lateritium were subjected to inâ vitro assays to determine pro-inflammatory protein levels, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), cytosolic prostaglandin E2 synthase (cPGES), and antioxidant nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). Fungal extracts demonstrated significant activities on pro-inflammatory protein levels with minor differences among the activities of the fractions of different polarities. All the compounds proved to exert notable inhibitory properties on COX-2 and were capable to stimulate the Nrf2 pathway. Fungal extracts and the compounds exerted no cytotoxic activities on RAW 264.7 cells.
Assuntos
Agaricales/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/antagonistas & inibidores , Esteroides/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/isolamento & purificação , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Células RAW 264.7 , Esteroides/química , Esteroides/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Six new compounds, periplanetols A - F (1-4, 6 and 7), a compound isolated from natural origin for the first time (5), and nine known ones (8-16) were isolated from the 70% ethanol extract of the whole bodies of Periplaneta americana. Their structures including absolute configurations were unambiguously identified by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and computational methods. Biological evaluation toward COX-2 inhibition revealed that compounds 1, 2, and 10 could inhibit COX-2 activity with the IC50 values of 768.0 nM, 617.7 nM, and 599.5 nM respectively, indicating their potential in developping novel agents against inflammation related disorders.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Periplaneta/química , Fenóis/farmacologia , Animais , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/isolamento & purificação , Estrutura Molecular , Fenóis/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
An efficient and refined method for the separation of six aconitine-type alkaloids from the alkaline prepared "Kusnezoff monkshood root" was established. It is the first study that two new lipo-alkaloids were successfully isolated from refined sample by pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography rather than synthetic method. It was of interest that a great deal of lipo-alkaloids was produced in crude extract from the alkalization of "Kusnezoff monkshood root." A refined sample method was proposed to enrich two types of alkaloids by liquid-liquid extraction, i.e. lipo-alkaloids and monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids. The pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography was performed with an optimized two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (3:5:4:5, v/v), where upper organic phase was added to 3 mmol/L triethylamine as a retainer and lower aqueous mobile phase was added to 3 mmol/L hydrochloric acid as an eluter. As a result, six aconitum alkaloids, including two lipo-alkaloids (8-lino-14-benzoylaconine, 8-pal-14-benzoylaconine), three monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids (14-benzoylmesaconine, 14-benzoylaconine, beyzoyldeoxyaconine), and one aconine alkaloid (neoline) were acquired from the plant at the same time. The anti-inflammatory activities of the two new lipo-alkaloids were compared to the six alkaloids in vitro, in cyclo-oxygen-ase-2 inhibition assays. The separation mechanism of six alkaloids by pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography was illustrated.
Assuntos
Aconitum/química , Alcaloides/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Raízes de Plantas/química , Alcaloides/química , Alcaloides/farmacologia , Amônia/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Bicarbonatos/química , Distribuição Contracorrente , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Extração Líquido-Líquido , Conformação Molecular , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
Seven new compounds including three pairs of enantiomeric xanthine analogues (1-3), a pair of enantiomeric hypoxanthine analogue (4), and three pairs of enantiomeric N-acetyldopamine dimers (6-8), together with a known one (5) were isolated from the insect Cyclopelta parva. Their structures including absolute configurations were assigned by using spectroscopic and computational methods. Chiral HPLC was used to separate racemic 1-8. Biological evaluation found that 6b and 7a are potent COX-2 inhibitory agents with IC50 values at 385.2 nM and 868.8 nM respectively.