RESUMO
Background and Objectives: Hepatitis B (HB) is a major global health problem and a potentially life-threatening disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Also, it is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Thanks to serological surveys, testing hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBs) allows for serological assessments of their prevalence. The presence of anti-HBs, which protects against HBV infection, can be attributed to HB vaccination or natural HBV infection. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of HB surface antibodies (anti-HBs) as an indicator of collective immunity against HBV in the general population of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia. In addition, to distinguish whether anti-HBs were induced by the vaccine or by infection, the presence of antibodies against the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) was tested among those who were anti-HBs-positive. Materials and Methods: A total of 3467 residual sera samples, collected according to the specifications of the European Sero-Epidemiology Network 2 (ESEN2) study, from April 2015 to March 2016, were screened for the presence of anti-HBs using a chemiluminescence immunoassay. The difference between categorical variables was tested using the chi-square test. Results: Overall, 1870 (53.9%, 95% CI: 52.3-55.6) participants tested positive for anti-HBs. The median age of the study participants was 17 years (IQR 9-35). The anti-HB seroprevalence decreased with age, ranging from 80.7% (95% CI: 78.9-82.4) in the 1-19-year-old group to 16.4% (95% CI: 12.0-20.9) in the ≥60 years' age group. A total of 71 (3.8%, 95% CI: 2.9-4.7) serum samples were also anti-HBc-positive. Higher prevalence, but not statistically significant, was noticed in women (4.1%, 95% CI: 2.8-5.4) compared with men (3.5, 95% CI: 2.4-4.8) (p = 0.542). Also, there was a significant difference across the age groups, where those ≥60 years old had a prevalence of 65.9% (95% CI: 51.9-79.9) and the age category of 1-19-year-olds had just 0.2% (95% CI: 0.0-0.4) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the anti-HBs seroprevalence of the general population in Vojvodina and provides an opportunity to better shape the national preventive strategy related to HBV.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B , Hepatite B , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sérvia/epidemiologia , Iugoslávia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/prevenção & controleRESUMO
This study aimed to estimate the serological status and dynamic changes in the prevalence of Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) antibodies within the general population residing in the northern part of the Republic of Serbia (Province of Vojvodina) during a 16-year period. Serum samples were analyzed for Human PVB19-specific IgM and IgG antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Throughout the study period, the overall seroprevalence was 49.51%. Approximately 10% of patients exhibited a serologic profile positive for PVB19 IgM antibodies. Notably, seroprevalence varied significantly, ranging from 9.12% in the pediatric cohort (ages 1-4 years) to 65.50% in the adult demographic (40-59 years old). Seroprevalence was higher (51.88%) among women compared to men (42.50%). Immunologically naive pregnant women in the age groups 26-36 and 36-45 years had 45% (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31-1.00) and 52% (OR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.24-0.94) lower odds of having negative IgM and IgG compared to those in age group 16-25 years old. Improved knowledge of the epidemiology of PVB19 may assist clinicians in the differential diagnosis of PVB19 clinical manifestations. The PVB19 detection is particularly important for monitoring individuals in risk groups such as women of reproductive age, medical staff, patients with hematological disorders, and those with immunodeficiency.
Assuntos
Eritema Infeccioso , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus B19 Humano , Masculino , Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Gravidez , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Eritema Infeccioso/epidemiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Iugoslávia , Sérvia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/diagnóstico , Anticorpos Antivirais , Imunoglobulina G , Imunoglobulina MRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of overweight/obesity in 15-19 years old adolescents in the Province of Vojvodina, Serbia, and to evaluate the association between obesity and socio-demographic factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in high schools in the territory of Vojvodina, Serbia. The sample consisted of 986 high-school students (47.4% girls and 52.6% boys). Body height, body weight, and waist circumference were measured. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI)-for-age value > xÌ + 2 SD, and overweight as a BMI-for-age value > xÌ + 1 SD and ≤ xÌ + 2 SD. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) of ≥ 0.5 was considered high risk. Socio-demographic data was collected using a questionnaire developed for this study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were implemented. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents was 19.6% and 10.1%, respectively. Boys were more likely to be obese than girls (OR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.37-2.56). Adolescents living in suburban areas had a greater chance of obesity compared to those living in urban areas (OR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.15-2.94), as well as those who attended trade schools compared to gymnasium students (OR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.20-3.07). The lower level of the father's education was a significant predictor of obesity. Predictors of high-risk WHtR were gender, high school type, and the father's education level. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity and abdominal obesity are highly prevalent in adolescents in Vojvodina, more in boys. Gender, community type and the level of the father's education were confirmed as significant factors that influenced both obesity and abdominal obesity. This study could help to customize health promotion policies for adolescents in Vojvodina.
Assuntos
Sobrepeso , Obesidade Infantil , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Obesidade Abdominal/epidemiologia , Sérvia/epidemiologia , Iugoslávia , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Circunferência da Cintura , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Abstract The paper shortly presents the early roles of Budapest, Prague, and Belgrade in the development of psychoanalytic movement in Central-Europe before the Second World War. Mapping this historical heritage, it suggests how psychoanalysts of former Soviet Bloc countries could restore their own psychoanalytic communities. The study investigates the consequences of these dictatorial and authoritarian regimes for psychoanalysis and for psychoanalysts focusing on similarities and differences in Hungary, in former Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. Furthermore, it emphasizes the contribution of the international professional organizations - the International Psychoanalytic Association, and the European Psychoanalytic Federation - for reintegration of Budapest, Prague, and Belgrade to the international psychoanalytic community.
Resumo O artigo apresenta brevemente os papéis de Budapeste, Praga e Belgrado no desenvolvimento do movimento psicoanalítico na Europa central antes da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Mapeando essa herança histórica, o artigo sugere como psicanalistas do antigo bloco soviético puderam restaurar suas próprias comunidades psicoanalíticas. O estudo investiga as consequências desses regimes ditatoriais e autoritários para a psicanálise e para os psicanalistas focalizando as semelhanças e diferenças na Hungria e nas antigas Tchecoslováquia e Iugoslávia. Além disso, destaca a contribuição das organizações profissionais internacionais - a International Psychoanalytic Association e a European Psychoanalytic Federation - na reintegração de Budapeste, Praga e Belgrado à comunidade psicoanalítica internacional.
Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XX , Psicanálise/história , Iugoslávia , Tchecoslováquia , História do Século XX , II Guerra Mundial , HungriaRESUMO
The goals of this study were to find the average intracranial capacity of the living male-entities of Kosovo Albanian population, to define cephalofacial indexes and their interrelations with intracranial capacity and to explore their latent structure. Eight cephalofacial variables have been measured in 571 male entities of the Kosovo Albanian population, aged 18-35 years old. Of these measurements, 6 cephalofacial indexes and intracranial capacity were calculated. According to the results of Table it can be concluded that most of Albanian males from Kosovo have long, wide and average height head, as well as most of them have brachiocephalic head, low hypsicephalic, and tapeinocephalic head, with intracranial capacity 1379.2cc. Regression Analyzes show that among other cephalofacial indexes, vertical cephalic index and transversal cephalic index have higher predictive influence on size of the intracranial capacity (VCI=1.764; TCI=-1.45).The possibility of the prediction of Intracranial Capacity (ICC) based on the values of VCI and TCI argues their joint projection on the first extracted latent factor, which has been nominated as factor of the head volume. The latent structure of the cephalofacial indexes consists of three latent factors: 1) factor of the head volume; 2) facial factor; 3) cephalic factor...
Los objetivos de este estudio fueron conocer la capacidad intracraneal (CIC) media en hombres de población Albanesa de Kosovo, para definir los índices cefalofaciales y sus interrelaciones con la CIC, así como para explorar su estructura latente. Ocho variables cefalofaciales fueron medidas en 571 hombres de población Albanesa de Kosovo, con edades entre 18-35 años. A partir de estas mediciones se calcularon 6 índices cefalofaciales y CIC. De acuerdo con el primer objetivo, la mayoría de los hombres Albaneses de Kosovo tienen una cabeza larga, ancha y de altura media, así como la mayoría de ellos son braquiocefálicos, hipsicefálicos leves y de cabeza tapeinocefálica, con CIC de 1379,2cc. El análisis de regresión muestra que entre otros índices cefalofaciales, el índice cefálico vertical (ICV) e índice cefálico transversal (ICT) tienen la mayor influencia de predicción del tamaño de la capacidad intracraneal (ICV = 1,764; ICT = -1,45). La posibilidad de la predicción del ICV e ICT sobre la CIC, argumentan su proyección (junto con CIC) sobre el primer factor latente extraído, el cual ha sido denominado factor del volumen de la cabeza. La estructura latente de los índices cefalofaciales está constituida por tres factores latentes: 1) el factor del volumen de la cabeza, 2) el factor facial y 3) el factor cefálico...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Cefalometria , Crânio/anatomia & histologia , Encéfalo/anatomia & histologia , Albânia , Análise Fatorial , Tamanho do Órgão , Análise de Regressão , IugosláviaRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to study, observe, and clarify the dynamics of physical growth, as well as changes of some morphometrical and physiological variables of Kosovo population. 17,894 males from Kosovo between 6 and 51 years of age and older, were measured: body height, body weight, BMI, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, heart rate, and VO max were recorded. The measurement data were processed through these descriptive statistical parameters: Mean, Standard-Deviation and the Coefficient of Variation, SD shows the similar dispersion of results between one age and another. CV signifies the reliability of the measurements that were carried out. The curve of body height for individuals between 6 and 17 years of age shows increases, for individuals between 18 and 40 years of age shows stable values, while for indiividuals above 40 years of age indicate a decrease.Body height difference between adults shows that adultsbetween 18 and 30 years old have the higher body height values, compared with the other two groups of tested adults. Body weight for individualsbetween 6 and 50 years old shows consistent increase of value. In individuals above 51 years of age, body weight decreases rapidly. According to BMIvalues individuals between 6 and 13 years of age were underweight. Those between 14 and 35 years of age, as well as those above 51 years of age showed normal weight. On the other hand, those between 36 and 50 years of age were slightly overweight. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were higher as age increased, however were not above normal values. The best results of HR and VO2max were reported in adults between 19 and 27 years of age.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar, observar, y para aclarar la dinámica de crecimiento físico, así como los cambios de algunas variables morfométricas y fisiológicas de la población de Kosovo. En 17.894 hombres en Kosovo, de entre 6 y 51 años, se tomaron las siguientes medidas: Altura y peso corporal, IMC, presiones sistólica y diastólica, frecuencia cardíaca, VO2 máx. Los datos fueron procesados a través de los siguientes parámetros estadísticos descriptivos: media, desviación estándar y coeficiente de variación. La DS muestra la dispersión de los resultados de acuerdo a la edad. CV determina la fiabilidad de las mediciones que se hicieron. La curva de la altura del cuerpo entre 6-17 años de edad aumentó entre los 18 y 40 años de edad, mientras que para individuos de más de 40 años la curva disminuye. La altura corporal mostró que los adultos entre 18-30 años son más altos, en comparación con otros dos grupos. El peso corporal aumenta desde los 6 a los 50 años edad, mientras que después de los 51 años se produce rápidamente su disminución. De acuerdo a los valores de IMC, los individuos entre 6-13 años de edad presentaban bajo peso. Los individuos entre 14-35 años y superiores a 51 años presentaban un peso normal. Los individuos entre 36-50 años, presentaron un ligero sobrepeso. Aumentaron las presiones sistólica y diastólica de acuerdo a la edad, pero no por encima del valor normal. Los mejores resultados de la frecuencia cardiaca y VO2máx se alcanzaron en los adultos entre 19 y 27 años.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Massa Corporal , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca/genética , Peso Corporal/etnologia , Peso Corporal/genética , Evolução Biológica , Crescimento e Desenvolvimento/fisiologia , Crescimento e Desenvolvimento/genética , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Pressão Sanguínea/genética , Iugoslávia/etnologiaRESUMO
Genetically modified (GMO) rapeseed (Brassica napus) is not grown commercially in European Union, but several lines have been approved for production and use as food and feed. A case-specific monitoring of herbicide-tolerant rapeseed, events RT73, RF3 and T45 was established by Ministry of Agriculture of Republic of Serbia. The objectives of the present study were to introduce methods for detection of herbicide-tolerant GM oilseed rape, investigate occurrence and monitor the presence of GM rapeseed in seed and the feed products, as well as to develop a protocol for quantification. The study was based on 48 samples, rapeseed (33) and feed (15) products, imported from EU countries (Germany, Belgium, France, Czech Republic, Austria) and from domestic market. Seven positive feed samples and no positive seed samples have found. The percent of GMO in feed samples, estimated on semi-quantitative way, was below labelling threshold. Adventitious presence of GM materials in non-GM grain, derived food and feedstuffs is a concern to international grain trade and needs continuous monitoring.
Assuntos
DNA de Plantas/análise , Brassica rapa/genética , Monitoramento Ambiental , Organismos Geneticamente Modificados , DNA de Plantas/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , IugosláviaRESUMO
Infections caused by bacteria of genus Acinetobacter pose a significant health care challenge worldwide. Information on molecular epidemiological investigation of outbreaks caused by Acinetobacter species in Kosova is lacking. The present investigation was carried out to enlight molecular epidemiology of Acinetobacterbaumannii in the Central Intensive Care Unit (CICU) of a University hospital in Kosova using pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). During March - July 2006, A. baumannii was isolated from 30 patients, of whom 22 were infected and 8 were colonised. Twenty patients had ventilator-associated pneumonia, one patient had meningitis, and two had coinfection with bloodstream infection and surgical site infection. The most common diagnoses upon admission to the ICU were politrauma and cerebral hemorrhage. Bacterial isolates were most frequently recovered from endotracheal aspirate (86.7 percent). First isolation occurred, on average, on day 8 following admission (range 1-26 days). Genotype analysis of A. baumannii isolates identified nine distinct PFGE patterns, with predominance of PFGE clone E represented by isolates from 9 patients. Eight strains were resistant to carbapenems. The genetic relatedness of Acinetobacter baumannii was high, indicating cross-transmission within the ICU setting. These results emphasize the need for measures to prevent nosocomial transmission of A. baumannii in ICU.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Infecções por Acinetobacter/epidemiologia , Acinetobacter baumannii/genética , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Infecções por Acinetobacter/microbiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Genótipo , Hospitais de Ensino , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Tempo de Internação , Adulto Jovem , Iugoslávia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Although the human race must be regarded as a unit intellectually and physically, from the anthropologists' viewpoint the particular set of bones most often measured for purposes of racial classification are those of the head. The aim of the present work was to determine some relevant cephalofacial parameters, particularly in relation to sex and to study the distribution of basic head and face types of a Kosova Albanian population. The study sample comprised 754 subjects of both sex (561 male and 193 female) aged 18 to 35 from Kosova. Five basic cephalofacial variables were measured to obtain the head and face indexes. Statistically significant differences between two treated groups, according to sex, were found almost in all measured cephalofacial variables. Such proportional differences did not influence only the Total Facial index. According to the horizontal cephalic Index the head of the treated subjects (51.9 percent males, 46.1 percent females) mainly belongs to brachiocephalic type; According to the vertical cephalic Index 48.4 percent of the treated male entities and 40.4 percent of the female entities belongs to the type with low hypsicephalic head. According to the transverse cephalic Index both treated entities mainly (male 66.8 percent and female 75.1 percent) belongs to the group with tapeinocephalic type of the head. According to the total facial index the treated male entities are mainly distributed in two types of the face: leptoprosop type (31.2 percent) and hyperleptoprosop type (31.6 percent), whereas the female entities are mostly (48.7 percent) concentrated in hyperleptoprosop facial type.
A pesar que la raza humana debe considerarse como una unidad intelectual y físicamente hablando, desde el punto de vista de los antropólogos, la particular serie de huesos que con mayor frecuencia son medidos para efectos de clasificación racial, son los de la cabeza. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar algunos parámetros cefalofaciales pertinentes, en particular los relacionados con el sexo, para estudiar la distribución básica del tipo de cabeza y cara en una población albanesa de Kosovo. La muestra del estudio fue de 754 sujetos, de ambos sexos (561 varones y 193 mujeres), entre 18 y 35 años, de Kosovo. Cinco variables cefalofaciales básicas fueron medidas para obtener índices de la cabeza y cara. Diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos grupos estudiados, de acuerdo al sexo, se encontraron casi en todas las variables cefalofaciales medidas. Estas diferencias proporcionales no sólo influyen en el índice facial total. Según el índice cefálico horizontal de la cabeza de los sujetos estudiados (51,9 por ciento hombres, 46,1 por ciento mujeres), principalmente pertenecen al tipo braquiocefálico. De acuerdo con el índice cefálico vertical el 48,4 por ciento de los varones estudiados y el 40,4 por ciento de las mujeres pertenecen al tipo de cabeza con hipsicefalia baja. Según el índice cefálico transversal ambos grupos de sujetos estudiados (66,8 por ciento varones y mujeres 75,1 por ciento) presentan principalmente cabeza tapeinocefálica. Según el índice facial total de los varones estudiados se distribuyen principalmente en dos tipos de cara: tipo leptoprosopo (31,2 por ciento) y tipo hiperleptoprosopo (31,6 por ciento), mientras que la mayoría de las mujeres (48,7 por ciento) se concentraron en el tipo facial hiperleptoprosopo.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Cefalometria , Cabeça/anatomia & histologia , Antropologia , Face/anatomia & histologia , Distribuição por Sexo , IugosláviaRESUMO
Introducción: Para mantener y mejorar la salud oral en pacientes embarazadas es necesario implementar programas de educación para la salud. El presente estudio trata de evaluar los resultados obtenidos en un programa de educación para la salud bucal en mujeres durante el segundo trimestre de embarazo. Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de la implementación de un programa de educación para la salud bucal en mujeres embarazadas. Material y métodos: El estudio fue realizado en el Centro de Salud del Distrito de Nis-Serbia, en pacientes embarazadas durante el segundo trimestre de embarazo. Se formaron 3 grupos de estudio; 1 grupo experimental y 2 grupos control. Resultados: El programa demostró resultados estadísticamente significativos en cuanto a prevención y actividades educativas. Las pacientes cambiaron su conducta, hábitos y actitudes en relación a nutrición, higiene oral, prevención de caries y visitas al odontólogo. Conclusión: Los programas de educación para la salud pueden lograr cambios no sólo en las mujeres embarazadas en cuanto a comportamiento, hábitos y actitudes sino también en sus descendientes.
Introduction: In order to maintain and improve oral health in pregnant woman it is needed to implement health educational programs. This study evaluates obtained results of an educational program for oral health in pregnant woman in their second trimester of their gestational period. Purpose. To evaluate the effect of the educational oral health program in pregnant woman: Material and methods: the study was carried out at the Nis Health Centre, Serbia, in pregnant woman in their second trimester of their gestational period. Three study groups of 60 each were assigned one experimental and two control groups. Results: The obtained data was statistically significant in respect to prevention and educational activities. The participants changed their behavior, habits and attitude towards nutrition, oral hygiene, caries prevention and dental visits. Conclusion: Health educational programs can achieve change not only in pregnant women behavior, habits, and attitude but also are benefical to their offspring.
Assuntos
Humanos , Gravidez , Educação em Saúde Bucal , Planos e Programas de Saúde , Higiene Bucal/instrumentação , Higiene Bucal/tendências , Gravidez , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Estudo de Avaliação , Relatório de Pesquisa , Nutrição da Gestante/educação , Prevenção Primária/métodos , Iugoslávia/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Conflitos Armados , Assistência Internacional em Desastres , Negociação , Iugoslávia , Saúde Pública , 34600Assuntos
Conflitos Civis , Etnicidade , Religião , Negociação , Cooperação Internacional , IugosláviaAssuntos
Guerra , Exposição Ambiental , Saúde Pública , Mortalidade , Mortalidade , Iugoslávia , Medição de RiscoAssuntos
Guerra , 34661 , Cooperação Internacional , Cooperação Técnica , Bósnia e Herzegóvina , IugosláviaRESUMO
Assuntos
Saúde Pública , Epidemiologia , Guerra , Iugoslávia , Grupos de Risco , Monitoramento EpidemiológicoRESUMO
Sarajevo is no longer the city is was and will, over the next few years, have to find a new role for itself based on a presentation at the rebuilding Sarajevo Workshop, held in York, UK in May 1994, seeks to explore the four underlying principles that are likely to be relevant to the city of Sarajevo and its rebirth. (AU)